This presentation provides an overview of the tort of trespass. It defines trespass as an unlawful act committed against another's person, property, or rights. There are three types of trespass: trespass to person, trespass to land, and trespass to goods. Trespass to person includes assault, battery, and false imprisonment. Assault involves putting someone in fear of violence through threats or actions, while battery involves the intentional or negligent application of force against another. False imprisonment involves the total unlawful restraint of another's liberty. Defenses to trespass to person include consent and reasonable self-defense, though the defensive force must be proportionate to the threat.
In tort video assignment,I learnt much principle of law and I know well about trespass to the person. Throughout the acting of the video, I understand about the element of tort including battery,assault and false imprisonment. With the case law provided, I can know that the liability of a person towards his/her wrongful act. I have learnt how to cooperate with my group members while presenting the video. I communicate a lot with my classmates as we can discuss about the acting part of the video. I also learnt how to combine the scene of the acting part to a video and video editing too. It is a great experience and this will help me to prepare myself for future career purpose. I become more self-independent while given the task that perform my job individually and have higher self-confidence while I can project the elements of tort for example as a defence I kicked one of my group members.
An insight on Specific Offences under Indian Penal Code 1860. A detail presentation on specific offences with criminal Amendment Act 2013 has been included under this slide. Offences against women, children have also been discussed at length.
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE OWN WORK OF A STUDENT WHO STUDIES AT PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY BANGALORE IN 2ND SEMESTER.
THE DOCUMENT MAINLY DESCRIBE THE TRESPASS TO PERSON UNDER LAW OF TORTS.
In tort video assignment,I learnt much principle of law and I know well about trespass to the person. Throughout the acting of the video, I understand about the element of tort including battery,assault and false imprisonment. With the case law provided, I can know that the liability of a person towards his/her wrongful act. I have learnt how to cooperate with my group members while presenting the video. I communicate a lot with my classmates as we can discuss about the acting part of the video. I also learnt how to combine the scene of the acting part to a video and video editing too. It is a great experience and this will help me to prepare myself for future career purpose. I become more self-independent while given the task that perform my job individually and have higher self-confidence while I can project the elements of tort for example as a defence I kicked one of my group members.
An insight on Specific Offences under Indian Penal Code 1860. A detail presentation on specific offences with criminal Amendment Act 2013 has been included under this slide. Offences against women, children have also been discussed at length.
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE OWN WORK OF A STUDENT WHO STUDIES AT PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY BANGALORE IN 2ND SEMESTER.
THE DOCUMENT MAINLY DESCRIBE THE TRESPASS TO PERSON UNDER LAW OF TORTS.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
PRECEDENT AS A SOURCE OF LAW (SAIF JAVED).pptxOmGod1
Precedent, or stare decisis, is a cornerstone of common law systems where past judicial decisions guide future cases, ensuring consistency and predictability in the legal system. Binding precedents from higher courts must be followed by lower courts, while persuasive precedents may influence but are not obligatory. This principle promotes fairness and efficiency, allowing for the evolution of the law as higher courts can overrule outdated decisions. Despite criticisms of rigidity and complexity, precedent ensures similar cases are treated alike, balancing stability with flexibility in judicial decision-making.
RIGHTS OF VICTIM EDITED PRESENTATION(SAIF JAVED).pptxOmGod1
Victims of crime have a range of rights designed to ensure their protection, support, and participation in the justice system. These rights include the right to be treated with dignity and respect, the right to be informed about the progress of their case, and the right to be heard during legal proceedings. Victims are entitled to protection from intimidation and harm, access to support services such as counseling and medical care, and the right to restitution from the offender. Additionally, many jurisdictions provide victims with the right to participate in parole hearings and the right to privacy to protect their personal information from public disclosure. These rights aim to acknowledge the impact of crime on victims and to provide them with the necessary resources and involvement in the judicial process.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
4. B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
Topic: trespass
What is Trespass
Trespass is an unlawful act committed on the person, property, or
rights of another especially a wrongful entry on real property.
5. B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
There are three types of trespass:
• 1. Trespass to Person.
• 2. Trespass to Land.
• 3. Trespass to Goods.
6. Trespass to Person
• Trespass to Person is any direct intentional and unlawful interference with the
person or liberty of another. Wrongs affecting personal safety and freedom are
called trespass to person.
Trespass to Person is three types:
1. Assault
2. Battery
3. False imprisonment
B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
7. B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
Assault:
• Means putting another in the present fear of violence though no force is
materially applied there is a present ability and intention to do the act.
Assault the plaintiff must prove:
• 1. That there was some preparation, which constituted a threat of force.
• 2. That the preparation was such as to cause a reasonable apprehension of force.
• 3. That there was a present ability on the defendants Part to carry out threat of
force into execution immediately.
8. Assault may be committed in two ways:
• Either by attempting to hit him or to bring something into direct contact him or by
threatening to do so. But in either case to constitute an assault in the true sense the
attempt or threat must not be committed.
Examples:
• 1. To advance upon a person with an apparent intention to strike him.
• 2. To point a gun to another within range and even though the gun is unloaded he
does not know of the fact for he will be put in fear.
B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
9. • Battery is the intentional or negligent application of force however slight to
another person who is not volence a person who voluntarily agrees to suffer the
particular harm.
• 1. Application of force.
• 2. The force may be applied intentionality or negligently.
• 3. The application of force is done directly or bringing an object in contact
e.g. Throwing water.
• 4. To a person who is not a volence.
• 5. Physical contact is necessary in Battery and not only fear of violence as assault.
• But to pat someone to attract his attention is not battery.
• B Y: M D . E M O N , L L B
Battery:
10. False imprisonment:
Is the total restraint of liberty of a person for however short a time without lawful justification
Ingredients of false imprisonment:
• The deprivation of liberty must be complete I.e. limit his freedom of movement in all directions or
preventing to proceed in every direction. Case: Bird V. Jones (1845)
• Fact: A portion of a bridges footpath was enclosed for seats to view a boat race the plaintiff to
assert his right to use the Footpath was stopped by a policeman to pass the enclosure to proceed
further.
• Held: This was not false imprisonment as the plaintiff could walk on the road the footpath as
there was no complete restraint.
11. The plaintiff must prove:
1. The restraint must not be expressly or impliedly authorized by law. If direction by
law no action lies.
2. The imprisonment may be the defendant or his servant or agent.
3. The plaintiff must prove that there was actual application of force (used) or threat
of force.
4. That the plaintiff must prove that he was restrained from liberty for how ever short
duration of time it may be.
12. DEFENSE OF TRESPASS TO PERSON:
1.THE DEFENDANT IS NOT LIABLE IF THE PLAINTIFF GAVE CONSENT TO S UFFER
THE PARTICULAR HARM E.G., VONLENTINON-FIT INJURIA OR LEAVE AND
LICENCE WILL APPLY.
2. SELF-DEFENSE/DEFENSE OF PERSON OR PROPERTY:
A TRESPASS TO PERSON IS JUSTIFIED IF IT IS COMMITTED IN REASONAB LE
SELF-DEFENSE. BUT THE FORCE USED MUST BE PROPORTIONATE.
CASE: COOK V. BEAL (1697).
FACT: 'A' HITS 'B' WITH HAND BUT 'B' BRINGS OUT HIS SWARD TO CUT HIS
ARM.
HELD: THE FORCE USED IS NOT PROPORTIONATE.
