This document summarizes trends in methamphetamine-related admissions to youth residential substance abuse treatment facilities in Canada between 2005-2006 and 2009-2010. It finds that the proportion of admissions primarily due to methamphetamine abuse dropped significantly from 21% in 2005-2006 to 6% in 2009-2010 based on a survey of executive directors of treatment facilities. This reduction was largely driven by declines in the provinces previously most impacted by methamphetamine abuse. The findings suggest that controls on methamphetamine precursor chemicals in Mexico during this period may have contributed to decreased admissions in Canada as well.
A new study adds further evidence to suggest that opioid prescribing in the U.S. is skewed and concentrated among a few providers. Researchers looked at prescribing patterns in data from an unspecified national private insurer between 2003-2017.
Around 670,000 providers prescribed more than 8 million standard doses of opioid prescriptions — but more than a quarter of these prescriptions were written by only 1% of physicians. And in 2017, these physicians prescribed nearly half of all the dispensed opioids. This small group of doctors also prescribed higher doses than recommended, and for longer durations than guidelines allow.
What’s encouraging, the authors suggest, is that the vast majority of physicians do seem to follow guidelines. Some caveats: The study was based on one company’s data, and didn’t look at medical reasons behind prescriptions.
The document discusses drug courts as an alternative approach to dealing with nonviolent drug offenders compared to the traditional war on drugs approach. It provides an overview of drug courts, noting they began in 1989 and aim to treat substance abuse issues through judicial monitoring while reducing recidivism. The effectiveness of drug courts is debated, as studies show mixed results on reducing recidivism rates compared to traditional probation. While drug courts have grown significantly, concerns remain around their methodology and the types of offenders they target for treatment versus punishment.
This document summarizes a presentation on insights from state policies and interventions to curb prescription drug overdoses. It describes several interventions:
1) PRIMUM, a system in North Carolina that alerts prescribers to patients' risk of misusing or abusing opioids at the point of care.
2) A project in Rhode Island that developed protocols to improve opioid prescription safety for trauma patients, including alerts if prescriptions exceed dosage thresholds and requiring naloxone co-prescriptions.
3) A study in Pennsylvania that used Medicaid claims data to identify risk factors for opioid overdoses, such as high dosage and multiple prescribers/pharmacies, to target high-risk patients.
The document discusses the increasing abuse of heroin in the United States and its link to prescription drug abuse. It provides data from reports showing that people who abuse prescription painkillers are 19 times more likely to abuse heroin. With increased demand, drug trafficking organizations have increased heroin availability and purity. Law enforcement data demonstrates rising heroin seizures and overdose deaths linked to increased prescription opioid abuse. The document examines how some prescription opioid abusers may be turning to cheaper heroin as painkiller restrictions take effect.
ER visits for opioid overdoses is rising in the U.S. Accurate ER reports from medical transcription services and proactive action can help minimize risks.
- The goal of the proposed research is to determine recidivism rates of drug court graduates compared to incarcerated individuals who did not participate in drug court.
- Drug court is an alternative program for non-violent drug offenders that aims to rehabilitate through treatment rather than incarceration. It consists of phases of inpatient treatment, halfway houses, and probation.
- Previous research has found drug courts significantly reduce recidivism by 8-26% on average compared to traditional case processing or probation, with average reductions of 10-15%. Three meta-analyses found drug courts reduce crime.
A new study adds further evidence to suggest that opioid prescribing in the U.S. is skewed and concentrated among a few providers. Researchers looked at prescribing patterns in data from an unspecified national private insurer between 2003-2017.
Around 670,000 providers prescribed more than 8 million standard doses of opioid prescriptions — but more than a quarter of these prescriptions were written by only 1% of physicians. And in 2017, these physicians prescribed nearly half of all the dispensed opioids. This small group of doctors also prescribed higher doses than recommended, and for longer durations than guidelines allow.
What’s encouraging, the authors suggest, is that the vast majority of physicians do seem to follow guidelines. Some caveats: The study was based on one company’s data, and didn’t look at medical reasons behind prescriptions.
The document discusses drug courts as an alternative approach to dealing with nonviolent drug offenders compared to the traditional war on drugs approach. It provides an overview of drug courts, noting they began in 1989 and aim to treat substance abuse issues through judicial monitoring while reducing recidivism. The effectiveness of drug courts is debated, as studies show mixed results on reducing recidivism rates compared to traditional probation. While drug courts have grown significantly, concerns remain around their methodology and the types of offenders they target for treatment versus punishment.
This document summarizes a presentation on insights from state policies and interventions to curb prescription drug overdoses. It describes several interventions:
1) PRIMUM, a system in North Carolina that alerts prescribers to patients' risk of misusing or abusing opioids at the point of care.
2) A project in Rhode Island that developed protocols to improve opioid prescription safety for trauma patients, including alerts if prescriptions exceed dosage thresholds and requiring naloxone co-prescriptions.
3) A study in Pennsylvania that used Medicaid claims data to identify risk factors for opioid overdoses, such as high dosage and multiple prescribers/pharmacies, to target high-risk patients.
The document discusses the increasing abuse of heroin in the United States and its link to prescription drug abuse. It provides data from reports showing that people who abuse prescription painkillers are 19 times more likely to abuse heroin. With increased demand, drug trafficking organizations have increased heroin availability and purity. Law enforcement data demonstrates rising heroin seizures and overdose deaths linked to increased prescription opioid abuse. The document examines how some prescription opioid abusers may be turning to cheaper heroin as painkiller restrictions take effect.
ER visits for opioid overdoses is rising in the U.S. Accurate ER reports from medical transcription services and proactive action can help minimize risks.
- The goal of the proposed research is to determine recidivism rates of drug court graduates compared to incarcerated individuals who did not participate in drug court.
- Drug court is an alternative program for non-violent drug offenders that aims to rehabilitate through treatment rather than incarceration. It consists of phases of inpatient treatment, halfway houses, and probation.
- Previous research has found drug courts significantly reduce recidivism by 8-26% on average compared to traditional case processing or probation, with average reductions of 10-15%. Three meta-analyses found drug courts reduce crime.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on improving utilization of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). The panel will discuss current practices for interstate sharing of PDMP data, strategies for integrating PDMP data into healthcare records, and lessons from Washington state's program providing organizations access to PDMP data. The goal is to identify best practices that can be implemented in other states to increase interoperability and utilization of PDMP data.
Rx16 federal tues_330_1_spitznas_2baldwin_3welchOPUNITE
This document discusses patient review and restriction programs (PRRs) as tools to help curb prescription drug abuse and coordinate patient care. It describes state Medicaid PRR programs and recent efforts to expand PRR programs to Medicare. It also describes the role of PRR programs in the CDC's Prescription Drug Overdose Prevention for States grant program, the Office of National Drug Control Policy's national strategy, and the federal budget.
The document discusses addressing the opioid epidemic through a public health lens. It provides data on the rise in opioid-related deaths in Massachusetts from 2000-2016. It also discusses prevention, intervention, treatment and recovery efforts through Governor Baker's Opioid Working Group. This includes adopting core medical competencies focused on substance use, expanding treatment beds and recovery programs, and the Chapter 55 data initiative to better understand the epidemic through linking multiple health datasets.
Rx16 federal tues_200_1_gladden_2halpin_3greenOPUNITE
This document provides information about the emerging fentanyl overdose epidemic in the United States from the national and state perspectives. It discusses the rise in fentanyl-related overdoses and seizures from 2013-2014 according to data from various sources. The learning objectives are to explain the epidemiology of the rise in fentanyl overdoses, identify lessons from an Ohio investigation, and describe one state's experience. Recommendations include improving detection of fentanyl through testing and surveillance, expanding naloxone access, and long-term efforts to reduce opioid overdoses through prescribing guidelines and treatment expansion.
Drug Treatment Courts: How America’s Most Trusted Alternative to Incarceration is Providing Hope in the Midst of the Rx Drug Abuse and Opiate Epidemic - Vision Session Presented by National Association of Drug Court Professionals
The epidemiology workgroup aims to assess drug abuse patterns, trends, and emerging problems in order to reduce substance abuse and related consequences in communities. The group is charged with four core tasks: identifying drug abuse patterns and changes over time, detecting emerging substances, and communicating findings. The workgroup meets to discuss available data repositories and indicators that can help assess substance abuse issues.
Client satisfaction is a multidimensional construct that reflects the quality of service provided by healthcare providers. The objective of this study was to develop a client satisfaction scale that could be used to assess the quality of pharmacy services provided in Boru media hospital community and hospital pharmacy in respect of client perception of specific aspects of service performance.
The Nursing Care Journal invites all aspects related to the Nursing and Health Care Journal.
This is rapid peer review process which accepts high quality manuscripts.
The document discusses trends in methamphetamine use and related harms across the United States based on data from national surveys and treatment centers. It finds that:
1) Methamphetamine use and overdose deaths more than doubled from 2010-2014, though rates remain lower than other drugs.
2) Treatment admissions for methamphetamine surpassed cocaine admissions from 2013-2015 and increased 17% from 2011-2015.
3) Over 70% of law enforcement agencies in the Pacific and West Central regions reported methamphetamine as the greatest drug threat in their areas.
The document discusses the opioid epidemic's effect on Texas hospitals. It notes that in 2017 nearly 3,000 Texans died from drug overdoses, more than the population of many Texas cities and towns. The financial cost to Texas is $20 billion annually. Hospitals' costs for treating overdose patients in intensive care rose 60% from 2009 to 2015. The Texas Hospital Association developed voluntary opioid prescribing guidelines for emergency departments to curb overprescribing and addiction as emergency room visits and inpatient stays for opioid issues have increased substantially. The guidelines recommend limiting replacement prescriptions, prescribing opioids cautiously, and consulting prescription monitoring programs.
April 3, 2017
The current opiate epidemic has spurred long-overdue scrutiny on the pharmaceutical production and distribution of opiate medication, but it also raises questions of public policy and law regarding the regulation of medical access to and use of opiate medications with high potential for addiction. Expert panelists will address the challenges that arise from efforts to balance restrictions on access to opiates to limit addiction while also preserving sufficient access for legitimate medical management of pain.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/opiate-regulation-policies
1) Nearly 1 in 100 people aged 15-64 in Great Britain is considered a high-risk drug user, defined as injecting drugs or regular long-term use of opioids, cocaine, and/or amphetamines.
2) In 2013-14, there were 47,900 child assessments where alcohol or other drugs were a factor, and 435 children in foster care ran away due to substance misuse.
3) Prisoners have high rates of drug use and mental health problems, and older prisoners are more likely to have used Class A drugs before entering custody.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
This document summarizes drug use trends and state-level actions to address drug issues in Kentucky. It finds that Kentucky has high rates of illicit drug use and drug overdose deaths compared to national averages. The most commonly cited drug in treatment is opiates, and meth lab seizures in Kentucky increased substantially from 2007 to 2009. The document discusses state-level efforts to address these issues, including prescription drug monitoring programs, drug take-back programs, and considering a per se standard for drugged driving.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on preventing opioid overdose deaths. The presentation features four speakers and focuses on explaining the opioid overdose crisis epidemiology, describing treatment options to reduce overdose deaths, and advocating for advancing research and clinical practice. The learning objectives are listed as explaining the overdose epidemic, describing treatment options for clinicians, and advocating for research and practice directions. Brief biographies and disclosures are provided for each speaker.
01 Monica Do Santos Healing The Dragon SaharaNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses interventions for heroin use disorders and reducing HIV transmission. It summarizes findings from previous studies that found many intravenous drug users in Africa do not properly clean or dispose of needles, increasing HIV risk. The objectives are to compare views of long-term former heroin users and specialists on effective interventions and identify suggestions to advance programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 former users and 10 specialists. Preliminary findings from the first study on former users are presented.
Kana Enomoto, Acting Administrator, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit March 29, 2016
This document provides contact information for an organization called WMP India Bible Literature located in Chennai, India. It gives their address as 67 Beracah Road, Kilpauk, Chennai 600 010 and website as www.wmpress.org. The document also notes they can provide free Bible studies and more information can be requested by writing to them.
This document summarizes a panel discussion on improving utilization of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). The panel will discuss current practices for interstate sharing of PDMP data, strategies for integrating PDMP data into healthcare records, and lessons from Washington state's program providing organizations access to PDMP data. The goal is to identify best practices that can be implemented in other states to increase interoperability and utilization of PDMP data.
Rx16 federal tues_330_1_spitznas_2baldwin_3welchOPUNITE
This document discusses patient review and restriction programs (PRRs) as tools to help curb prescription drug abuse and coordinate patient care. It describes state Medicaid PRR programs and recent efforts to expand PRR programs to Medicare. It also describes the role of PRR programs in the CDC's Prescription Drug Overdose Prevention for States grant program, the Office of National Drug Control Policy's national strategy, and the federal budget.
The document discusses addressing the opioid epidemic through a public health lens. It provides data on the rise in opioid-related deaths in Massachusetts from 2000-2016. It also discusses prevention, intervention, treatment and recovery efforts through Governor Baker's Opioid Working Group. This includes adopting core medical competencies focused on substance use, expanding treatment beds and recovery programs, and the Chapter 55 data initiative to better understand the epidemic through linking multiple health datasets.
Rx16 federal tues_200_1_gladden_2halpin_3greenOPUNITE
This document provides information about the emerging fentanyl overdose epidemic in the United States from the national and state perspectives. It discusses the rise in fentanyl-related overdoses and seizures from 2013-2014 according to data from various sources. The learning objectives are to explain the epidemiology of the rise in fentanyl overdoses, identify lessons from an Ohio investigation, and describe one state's experience. Recommendations include improving detection of fentanyl through testing and surveillance, expanding naloxone access, and long-term efforts to reduce opioid overdoses through prescribing guidelines and treatment expansion.
Drug Treatment Courts: How America’s Most Trusted Alternative to Incarceration is Providing Hope in the Midst of the Rx Drug Abuse and Opiate Epidemic - Vision Session Presented by National Association of Drug Court Professionals
The epidemiology workgroup aims to assess drug abuse patterns, trends, and emerging problems in order to reduce substance abuse and related consequences in communities. The group is charged with four core tasks: identifying drug abuse patterns and changes over time, detecting emerging substances, and communicating findings. The workgroup meets to discuss available data repositories and indicators that can help assess substance abuse issues.
Client satisfaction is a multidimensional construct that reflects the quality of service provided by healthcare providers. The objective of this study was to develop a client satisfaction scale that could be used to assess the quality of pharmacy services provided in Boru media hospital community and hospital pharmacy in respect of client perception of specific aspects of service performance.
The Nursing Care Journal invites all aspects related to the Nursing and Health Care Journal.
This is rapid peer review process which accepts high quality manuscripts.
The document discusses trends in methamphetamine use and related harms across the United States based on data from national surveys and treatment centers. It finds that:
1) Methamphetamine use and overdose deaths more than doubled from 2010-2014, though rates remain lower than other drugs.
2) Treatment admissions for methamphetamine surpassed cocaine admissions from 2013-2015 and increased 17% from 2011-2015.
3) Over 70% of law enforcement agencies in the Pacific and West Central regions reported methamphetamine as the greatest drug threat in their areas.
The document discusses the opioid epidemic's effect on Texas hospitals. It notes that in 2017 nearly 3,000 Texans died from drug overdoses, more than the population of many Texas cities and towns. The financial cost to Texas is $20 billion annually. Hospitals' costs for treating overdose patients in intensive care rose 60% from 2009 to 2015. The Texas Hospital Association developed voluntary opioid prescribing guidelines for emergency departments to curb overprescribing and addiction as emergency room visits and inpatient stays for opioid issues have increased substantially. The guidelines recommend limiting replacement prescriptions, prescribing opioids cautiously, and consulting prescription monitoring programs.
April 3, 2017
The current opiate epidemic has spurred long-overdue scrutiny on the pharmaceutical production and distribution of opiate medication, but it also raises questions of public policy and law regarding the regulation of medical access to and use of opiate medications with high potential for addiction. Expert panelists will address the challenges that arise from efforts to balance restrictions on access to opiates to limit addiction while also preserving sufficient access for legitimate medical management of pain.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/opiate-regulation-policies
1) Nearly 1 in 100 people aged 15-64 in Great Britain is considered a high-risk drug user, defined as injecting drugs or regular long-term use of opioids, cocaine, and/or amphetamines.
2) In 2013-14, there were 47,900 child assessments where alcohol or other drugs were a factor, and 435 children in foster care ran away due to substance misuse.
3) Prisoners have high rates of drug use and mental health problems, and older prisoners are more likely to have used Class A drugs before entering custody.
Dr. Tom Frieden, Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit on March 30, 2016.
This document summarizes drug use trends and state-level actions to address drug issues in Kentucky. It finds that Kentucky has high rates of illicit drug use and drug overdose deaths compared to national averages. The most commonly cited drug in treatment is opiates, and meth lab seizures in Kentucky increased substantially from 2007 to 2009. The document discusses state-level efforts to address these issues, including prescription drug monitoring programs, drug take-back programs, and considering a per se standard for drugged driving.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on preventing opioid overdose deaths. The presentation features four speakers and focuses on explaining the opioid overdose crisis epidemiology, describing treatment options to reduce overdose deaths, and advocating for advancing research and clinical practice. The learning objectives are listed as explaining the overdose epidemic, describing treatment options for clinicians, and advocating for research and practice directions. Brief biographies and disclosures are provided for each speaker.
01 Monica Do Santos Healing The Dragon SaharaNicholas Jacobs
This document discusses interventions for heroin use disorders and reducing HIV transmission. It summarizes findings from previous studies that found many intravenous drug users in Africa do not properly clean or dispose of needles, increasing HIV risk. The objectives are to compare views of long-term former heroin users and specialists on effective interventions and identify suggestions to advance programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 former users and 10 specialists. Preliminary findings from the first study on former users are presented.
Kana Enomoto, Acting Administrator, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, keynote presentation at the National Rx Drug Abuse & Heroin Summit March 29, 2016
This document provides contact information for an organization called WMP India Bible Literature located in Chennai, India. It gives their address as 67 Beracah Road, Kilpauk, Chennai 600 010 and website as www.wmpress.org. The document also notes they can provide free Bible studies and more information can be requested by writing to them.
This document is a 3-page booklet in Bangala about a song and school. It was published by World Missionary Press, a nonprofit organization that publishes Christian literature in many languages as funds are donated. They distribute copies for free to help share the gospel message around the world.
This document provides contact information for World Missionary Press, a publisher of Scripture booklets. It lists their mailing address in New Paris, Indiana and notes that additional booklets can be requested by writing to them in English or ordering online from their home page.
This document provides contact information for an organization called WMP India Bible Literature located in Chennai, India. It can be contacted to request a free Bible study or for more information. The document notes that it is free and not for sale.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high-level information from the document:
The document is from the World Missionary Press announcing the publication of the Kikuyu HFA in numerous languages as funds are supplied through prayer. It requests that those wanting additional copies for distribution should write to the press in English. The Scripture text was reprinted from the Bible in Kikuyu with permission from the United Bible Societies Africa Regional Centre in Nairobi, Kenya.
This study compared mortality rates among individuals hospitalized in California from 1990 to 2005 with diagnoses related to methamphetamine, alcohol, opioids, cocaine, and cannabis. It found:
1) The methamphetamine cohort had a higher standardized mortality rate (SMR) of 4.67 compared to the cocaine (SMR 2.96), alcohol (SMR 3.83), and cannabis (SMR 3.85) cohorts, but a lower SMR than the opioid cohort (SMR 5.71).
2) SMRs varied by gender within cohorts, with females having higher SMRs in the alcohol, opioid, and cocaine cohorts, and males having higher SMRs in the methamphetamine
This document provides publishing information for "The Way to God in Dzongkha", including the publisher - World Missionary Press, Inc. - cover artist, additional artists for specific pages, and contact information for two organizations - Home Concern in Siliguri, West Bengal, India and Home Concern in Kathmandu, Nepal - that may provide more details.
This document appears to be written in an unfamiliar language and discusses distributing copies of publications by World Missionary Press in various languages as funds are supplied through prayer. It provides contact information for World Missionary Press in New Paris, Indiana to request additional copies for distribution.
David C. Garnsey has over 30 years of experience in management, CAD design, CNC programming, quality control, and product design. He currently works as a Quality Technician at Adient Ltd. in Holland, Michigan. Garnsey has a diverse skill set including CAD, Lean manufacturing techniques, and quality certifications. He holds degrees from Western Michigan University and University of Phoenix.
This document appears to be contact information for an autorided channel partner named Ashu Group located in India. It provides a phone number +91-7503367689 as the main point of contact.
Este documento resume las características y tipos de redes sociales e internet. Explica que una red social es una estructura social integrada por personas u organizaciones conectadas por relaciones. Describe las funciones de las redes sociales como compartir contenido y comunicarse. Distingue entre redes sociales horizontales dirigidas a todo público y redes verticales enfocadas en un tema específico.
This document appears to be contact information for an autorided channel partner named Ashu Group located in India. It provides a phone number +91-7503367689 as the main point of contact.
Este documento apresenta um resumo de um trabalho final de conclusão de curso de MBA em Gestão de Projetos. O trabalho analisa a metodologia do Sistema FIRJAN para seleção estratégica de projetos e discute possíveis melhorias. O documento resume teorias sobre seleção de projetos, descreve a metodologia do FIRJAN e levanta pontos para aprimorar a metodologia de acordo com as boas práticas apresentadas.
Masters thesis differential effectiveness of substance abuse treatment by j f...Joyce Fuller
This thesis examines the differential effectiveness of standard substance abuse treatment for those with histories of drug use versus those arrested for drug trafficking. The study analyzed data from 1,348 individuals who completed drug and alcohol treatment. It found that outcomes tended to be poorer for drug traffickers than substance users across 64 of 77 outcome variables. Specifically, drug traffickers had significantly different and poorer outcomes than substance users in the categories of continued drug/alcohol use, reinstitutionalization, environmental issues, high-risk sexual behaviors, and relationship issues. The thesis considers why drug traffickers may receive treatment designed for substance users and potential alternative treatment options.
Differential Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Treatment by Joyce FullerJoyce Fuller
Study considers the differential effectiveness of standard treatment for person with actual histories of drug use vs those who have been arrested for drug trafficking, possession, dealing, sales and manufacturing, with little to no evidence or report of actual drug use who were placed in drug treatment.
Global Medical Cures™ | Responding to America's Prescription Drug Abuse CrisisGlobal Medical Cures™
This document summarizes the growing problem of prescription drug abuse in America. Key points include:
- Prescription drug abuse is now the nation's fastest growing drug problem, with opioids like oxycodone being abused at increasing rates.
- Education of healthcare providers, patients, and the public is needed to increase awareness of the dangers of prescription drug misuse and how to properly use and dispose of medications.
- Tracking programs like prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in states can help identify "doctor shoppers" and reduce diversion, though more research is still needed on their effectiveness.
- A multifaceted approach including education, monitoring, safe disposal, and enforcement is needed to address the crisis of prescription drug
Survey Report on Current Hard Drug Users in Nepal -2069Niraj Bartaula
This document outlines the methodology used in a survey of current hard drug users in Nepal conducted in 2069. It describes the study areas, how hard drug users were defined, data sources, and sampling methods. Eighteen districts and 26 municipalities across Nepal's five development regions were included. The benchmark data came from a listing of all hard drug users in rehabilitation centers. The multiplier data came from interviews with current hard drug users sampled from known drug use spots in the study areas. The multiplier method was used to indirectly estimate the total number of hard drug users in Nepal.
The prevalence of the alcohol and drugs abuse is notably more than cancer and heart disease collectively in the US cost $328billion a year (2005)
Research has observed that despite additions treatment, most addicts do not seek medical attention.
Two main factors are attributed to this fact;
Limited access
Uncoordinated system of care. Causing relapse after detoxification
This document summarizes a presentation on data-driven trends related to prescription drug abuse. It outlines national trends in doctor shopping, overdoses, drugged driving, and opioid/heroin overdose deaths. It also evaluates the effectiveness of some state laws and programs aimed at reducing doctor shopping and responding to overdoses. Some promising policy strategies discussed include reducing inappropriate prescribing, focusing on overdose response, improving prescription drug monitoring programs, and linking overdose victims to treatment.
This document summarizes research on the economic benefits of drug treatment. It finds that substance abuse treatment consistently results in positive economic outcomes through reduced health care and criminal justice costs. Specifically:
- Outpatient treatment is generally the most cost-effective approach, achieving reductions in substance use at a lower cost than residential programs. However, residential programs may be more effective for higher-risk populations.
- Enhanced outpatient programs that provide more services are often more cost-effective than standard outpatient programs.
- Prison-based treatment can be cost-effective, but only when combined with post-release aftercare services. Effectiveness is greater for high-risk inmates who receive this continuum of care.
Drivers of drug and alcohol policy in the UKAndrew Brown
This document discusses several issues related to drug and alcohol policy in the UK, including:
1) Trends showing increasing rates of illicit drug use and drug-related deaths, particularly among females.
2) Concerns around new psychoactive substances, the dark net, and organized crime influencing drug supply and misuse.
3) Debates around integrating drug and alcohol treatment services, balancing medication-based treatment with other approaches, and supporting recovery.
4) Calls for potential reforms to drug and alcohol laws and regulation in light of international experiences.
This document discusses evidence-based substance use disorder treatment and the use of medication-assisted treatment (MAT). It provides context on Kentucky's high rates of substance use disorders and overdose deaths. The document outlines principles of effective treatment for criminal justice populations, including that treatment should be evidence-based and tailored to individual needs. It describes therapeutic communities and MAT as evidence-based approaches used in Kentucky correctional facilities. Preliminary outcomes data on MAT programs in Kentucky prisons and after release show promise in reducing relapse. Special considerations are discussed for effectively implementing evidence-based practices in criminal justice settings.
Rb ll etal cessation assistance in 15 countriesAlexander Li
There was wide variation across 15 countries in rates of recent quit attempts by smokers, ranging from under 20% to over 50%. There was also variability in the percentage of smokers who visited healthcare professionals, ranging from under 20% to over 70%. Among those who visited professionals, the percentage who received advice to quit ranged greatly, from under 20% to over 65%. Reported use of cessation medications among recent quitters was generally higher in high-income countries than middle-income countries, ranging from over 40% to negligible. Use of behavioral supports like quitlines was typically lower than medication use.
The chapter discusses drugs and delinquency among youth. It finds that most drug use is experimental and involves alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The relationship between drug use and delinquency is complex, with evidence that drug use can both cause and result from delinquency. Effective interventions include life skills training to prevent drug use and treatment programs that combine legal action with individualized treatment plans, such as drug courts.
This document summarizes a study evaluating the impact of unsolicited reports on prescription drug use. The study compared individuals who received unsolicited reports about questionable prescription patterns to a matched comparison group. It found reductions in several measures of questionable drug use were greater for the unsolicited report group compared to the comparison group, including a statistically significant decline in number of pharmacies visited. However, limitations included difficulty finding a suitable comparison group and incomplete prescription records. Possible next steps proposed expanding the study to address limitations.
This document provides an overview of a conference on chronic pain and addiction that will take place from April 10-12, 2012 at Walt Disney World Swan Resort. The conference will focus on prescription drug abuse in the US, the effects of prescription pain medication abuse over time, and advocating for continued education on addiction for pain management providers. Key statistics on prescription drug abuse in the US are presented, including that opioid analgesics are now the leading cause of accidental drug overdose deaths. Abuse of prescription drugs is rising among both adolescents and older adults.
The document provides a critique of the Victorian government's "Ice Action Plan" to address crystal methamphetamine abuse. It finds that while the plan has some strengths, it also has significant weaknesses and fails to adequately incorporate a biopsychosocial understanding of drug use and addiction. Specifically, the plan lacks early intervention programs for at-risk families and adolescents. It also overemphasizes policing strategies while neglecting harm reduction approaches. Overall, the critique argues the plan would be more effective if it addressed the biological, psychological, and social factors of addiction from a developmental perspective.
There has been a lot of publicity regarding the "crystal methamphetamine crisis". Here is my take on the pros and cons of the Victorian Ice action plan.
The document summarizes recent national policy developments around drug and alcohol education for children and young people in the UK. Key developments include the launch of a new secondary school curriculum, an alcohol strategy focusing on enforcement for under-18s, and the Children's Plan emphasizing universal drug and alcohol education. Public spending priorities over three years were set through Public Service Agreements, including indicators on youth substance misuse. Guidance was also released on interventions for vulnerable youth and drugs. A consultation expected the upcoming drug strategy to focus on education, prevention, enforcement and treatment.
This document summarizes a study examining differences in the social environments of adolescents receiving outpatient substance abuse treatment in Illinois by race and gender. The study used data from 619 adolescents ages 12-17 collected through the GAIN assessment. Results found that 56% of the sample was white males, while black and Hispanic adolescents were underrepresented. While all groups reported similar levels of drug and alcohol use by family, over half reported weekly intoxication by peers and 38% had peers in substance abuse treatment. The study concludes certain racial groups are underrepresented in treatment and services should be directed to these underserved populations.
This document provides an analysis of UK drug policy prepared by Peter Reuter of the University of Maryland and Alex Stevens of the University of Kent for the UK Drug Policy Commission in April 2007. It summarizes the nature of the UK's drug problem, including trends in drug use and related harms. It then analyzes the impact of current UK drug policies, which aim to reduce drug use and related harms through enforcement, prevention, treatment, and harm reduction. The report finds that while treatment expansion has benefited individuals, overall drug use and problems have been stable at historically high levels. It concludes that more evaluation is needed of enforcement efforts and that policy focus should be on further reducing harms through treatment and harm reduction.
This document provides an overview of substance abuse issues in Monroe County, Michigan. It finds that drug overdose deaths have increased from 14 in 2004 to 41 in 2013, with heroin, methadone, and cocaine being top contributors. The county currently funds prevention programs and medication take-back events using various sources, but recommends expanding treatment and prevention services given the growing problem. Appendices provide more data on demographics, programs, and funding sources for substance abuse services in the county.
Similar to Trends_in_Primary_Methamphetamine-Relate (20)
1. 696 W La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 56, no 11, novembre 2011
Brief Communication
Trends in Primary Methamphetamine-Related Admissions
to Youth Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities
in Canada, 2005–2006 and 2009–2010
Marina Verdichevski1
; Robin Burns, BSc1
; James K Cunningham, PhD2
; Joey Tavares1
;
Russell C Callaghan, PhD3
Objective: During the last decade, methamphetamine use and issues surrounding its toxicity have
triggered major concern in the Canadian government, leading to significant changes in drug policy
and funding strategies to limit the societal impact of methamphetamine-related harms. This concern
appears justified by research which found in 2005–2006 that 21% of all youth admissions to inpatient
substance abuse treatment centres in Canada were due primarily to methamphetamine abuse. Given
these patterns of treatment use and targeted governmental initiatives, an open question is whether
the demand for methamphetamine treatment found in 2005–2006 has decreased. Our study aims to
provide follow-up estimates of admissions for 2009–2010, as well as important trend information for
these periods.
Method: We developed a comprehensive list of all Canadian residential youth substance abuse
treatment facilities. The executive director of each facility was asked about the site’s annual caseload,
and the proportion of cases primarily due to methamphetamine abuse within the past 12 months.
Results: Our survey data for the periods of 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 show marked reductions
in admissions. In 2009–2010, we found that about 6% of all admissions were due primarily to
methamphetamine abuse, a substantial drop from the 21% reported in our 2005–2006 study.
Conclusions: Our data show a significant national reduction in methamphetamine-related
admissions. Other reports show that methamphetamine-related treatment admissions in the United
States and Mexico declined sharply during 2005–2008, reportedly in association with Mexico’s
methamphetamine precursor chemical controls, raising the possibility that the controls may also be
associated with the declines reported here.
Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(11):696–700.
Key Words: methamphetamine, adolescents, substance abuse treatment, inpatient,
Canada
Clinical Implications
• National addiction-treatment data can be useful for monitoring the impact of
methamphetamine abuse on youth substance abuse treatment programs.
• Understanding the scope of methamphetamine-related harms at provincial and national
levels can support the rational allocation of clinical resources for methamphetamine abuse
problems.
• Trends in treatment admissions can help to inform the potential impacts of national and
international drug policy interventions designed to limit methamphetamine-related harms.
Limitations
• Our study relied on estimates provided by executive directors, and the reported values may
not match administrative records exactly.
• Time lag between problematic drug use and treatment entry means that results may not
reflect current trends of adolescent methamphetamine use.
• Our data only represent adolescents entering inpatient substance abuse treatment centres
and likely exclude those who are unable or unwilling to access inpatient treatment centres.
2. 697The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 56, No 11, November 2011 W
Trends in Primary Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Youth Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in Canada, 2005–2006 and 2009–2010
During the last decade, methamphetamine use and
issues surrounding its toxicity have triggered major
concern at federal and provincial levels in the Canadian
government. This concern appears to be justified by
research in 2005–2006, which found that 21% of all youth
admissions to inpatient substance abuse treatment centres
were due primarily to methamphetamine abuse.1
With the goal of limiting problems related to metham-
phetamine, there have been major changes in Canadian
drug policy legislation,2,3
as well as in provincial and federal
targeted drug enforcement and funding strategies.4
Given
these governmental initiatives, an open question is, Has the
pronounced demand for methamphetamine treatment found
in 2005–2006 decreased?
Our study assesses methamphetamine treatment demand
among Canadian youth in 2009–2010, and contrasts it
with our previous findings for 2005–2006.1
Our study is
critical as it constitutes the sole source of information on
national trends in methamphetamine treatment admissions
among youth in Canada. As noted elsewhere,1,5
Canada has
no formal government data system for monitoring national
substance abuse treatment patterns.
Method
Research Ethics
Both waves of our study were not considered research
involving human subjects, according to the Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health Research Ethics Board and, as
a result, did not require ethics review or approval to proceed.
Sampling Frame
For our study, we used the same comprehensive list of all
Canadian residential substance abuse treatment facilities for
youth that we developed in our previous research.1
This list
was compiled using information from the Canadian Centre
for Substance Abuse, Health Canada, the First Nation and
Inuit Health Branch, each of the provincial and territorial
ministries of health, all provincial drug and alcohol referral
centres(forexample,DrugandAlcoholRegistryofTreatment
in Ontario), and the executive directors (or equivalent) of the
contacted centres. It is important to note that the 2009–2010
sampling frame differed slightly from the original because
some centres merged, or changed their modality of treatment,
and thus were excluded from our analysis.
Survey Questionnaire
The 2009–2010 survey included 7 questions, which were
identical to those used in our prior survey.1
In addition to
inquiringabouttreatmentmodalityandclientcharacteristics,
the survey included 2 questions relevant to our study:
“Approximately how many adolescents are admitted to
your program each year?” and “In the previous 12 months,
approximately what percentage of clients sought treatment
[at your centre] primarily for misuse of methamphetamine,
including crystal methamphetamine?” The surveys were
completed from October 2009 to February 2010.
Respondents
The executive director (or equivalent) of each facility
provided the information for our survey.
Results
Even though the definition of youth varied across sites,
the typical youth treatment centre in our survey provided
service to adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. Our survey
identified 49 eligible inpatient and (or) residential youth
substance abuse treatment centres in Canada. We contacted
each centre. Five centres chose not to participate. Forty-
four eligible centres returned surveys, yielding a response
rate of 90% (44 out of 49 centres). Among the 44 returned
surveys, 4 lacked full data for both of the relevant study
questions. Therefore, our final results included data from
40 treatment centres, with a combined estimated annual
caseload of 3551 (down from 5169 in 2005–2006). Where
the executive director provided an estimated range for the
number of annual admissions and the proportion of those
admissions primarily due to methamphetamine, we used the
midpoint of the range.
About 6% (209 out of 3551 admissions) of all inpatient
youth substance abuse treatment admissions in 2009–2010
were reported to be due primarily to methamphetamine
abuse, a large decrease from the 21% (1109 out of 5169
admissions) observed in 2005–2006.
For display purposes, we aggregated data from centres
located in the same province by summing their caseloads
and calculating a weighted mean of the proportion of
admissions due primarily to methamphetamine use (Figure
1). The height of the bars in Figure 1 indicate the annual
proportionofprimarymethamphetamine-relatedadmissions
in each province. The most prominent reductions occurred
in British Columbia, Alberta, and Quebec—the 3 provinces
with the highest levels of methamphetamine-related
admissions in our 2005–2006 survey.
Discussion
Our survey data for 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 showed
marked reductions in primary methamphetamine-related
admissionstoinpatienttreatmentcentresforyouthinCanada.
Our previous paper estimated that 21% of all admissions to
youth inpatient substance abuse treatment centres (for the
2005–2006 period) were due primarily to methamphetamine
abuse,1
while our follow-up survey for the 2009–2010
period indicates that this figure dropped to about 6%. In our
previous survey, British Columbia,Alberta, and Quebec had
the highest levels of methamphetamine-related admissions,
and in 2009–2010, these provinces’ corresponding
proportions of admissions showed significant reductions
(Figure 1). In fact, the reductions in these 3 most-affected
provinces likely contributed disproportionately to the
3. 698 W La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 56, no 11, novembre 2011
Brief Communication
overall national reductions in primary methamphetamine-
related admissions. In other provinces, methamphetamine-
related admissions remained modest and low during the
2 time periods examined. Although small increases in
methamphetamine treatment demand were observed for
New Brunswick and Saskatchewan, these trends were not
statistically significant.
In concert with this study, a population-based survey of
Canadian alcohol and drug use also reported reductions
in lifetime amphetamine use among youth, from 8.3% in
20046
to 3.3% in 2009.7
In Ontario, a significant downward
trend was reported among youth, with a decrease in past-
year methamphetamine use from 5.1% (1999) and 2.6%
(2005), to 1.4% (2009).8
Also, in British Columbia, the
rates of ever having used methamphetamine among youth
dropped from 4% in 2003 to 2% in 2008.9
Surprisingly, in
Alberta, surveys of student past-year lifetime use of crystal
methamphetamine showed little decrease between 2005
(1.2%) and 2008 (1.1%).10
This finding for Alberta may be a
floor effect; that is, when values are very low to begin with,
there is little room for decrease. Generally, the available data
demonstrate that the estimated prevalence of adolescent
methamphetamine use appears relatively low, especially
in comparison with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and
marijuana.8
It is important to note that most of the available
adolescent drug use surveys have collected information
on the more inclusive drug class of amphetamines rather
than on methamphetamine specifically. Therefore, surveys
reporting only amphetamine consumption provide an
upper limit of methamphetamine use rather than a specific
estimate.
Consistent with our study’s findings, US methamphetamine-
related treatment admissions for youth (aged 12 to 17
years) decreased from 7118 in 2005 to 2082 in 2009.11
This
decrease in US youth admissions was part of a general drop
in total methamphetamine-related treatment admissions in
the US population.11
Methamphetamine-related treatment
admissions in Mexico also dropped sharply during 2005 to
2008.12
Recent research has shown that methamphetamine
precursor chemical controls implemented by Mexico
beginning in 2005 were associated with the decline in
Mexico’s methamphetamine-related treatment admissions,
and in essentially identical declines in methamphetamine-
related treatment admissions in Texas, one of the largest US
states.12
ThisraisesthepossibilitythatMexico’scontrolsalso
may be associated with the decrease in methamphetamine
admissions among Canadian youth reported in our research.
Research testing this possibility is needed.
Our results must be interpreted in light of several limitations.
Our data only represent the drug use patterns of adolescents
entering inpatient substance abuse treatment and likely
exclude most adolescent drug users who are unable or
unwilling to access inpatient treatment. Also, it is important
Figure 1 Trends in primary methamphetamine-related admissions to youth residential
substance abuse treatment facilities in Canada, 2005–2006 and 2009–2010
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45Primarymethamphetamine-related
admissions,%
2005–2006
2009–2010
BC AB SK MB ON QC NL NB NS Canada
aa
Location
a
In the 2005–2006 survey cycle, the point estimates for the proportion of methamphetamine-related
admissions were zero in Newfoundland and Labrador (0/120 total annual admissions) and Nova Scotia
(0/75 total annual admissions). As a result, we calculated a 1-sided 98% upper confidence interval using an
adjusted Wald approach.
Information was not available in the 2009 survey cycle from Prince Edward Island and, as a result, trend data
were not provided.
4. 699The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 56, No 11, November 2011 W
Trends in Primary Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Youth Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in Canada, 2005–2006 and 2009–2010
to note that a time lag exists between problematic drug
use and treatment entry, and as a result, our data may not
reflect current methamphetamine use trends. In addition,
our study relied on the estimates of the executive directors
(or equivalent personnel) about the annual caseload and
primary methamphetamine-related admissions at their
treatment centre. It is possible that the executive director
estimates may not match exactly the formal records in their
administrative databases.
Conclusion
Nonetheless, given the absence of a national addiction-
treatment reporting system in Canada, our study
provides unique and critical trend information about
the impact of youth methamphetamine use on national
patterns of treatment demand. Our findings can inform
not only the rational allocation of resources designated
for methamphetamine-related problems but also future
work investigating the potential influence of national and
international drug policies on addiction treatment use.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported indirectly by an institutional
grant (which helps to provide salary support to scientists)
from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care
to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Ontario
Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care did not have any
role in the study design, analyses, interpretation of results,
manuscriptpreparation,orapprovaltosubmitthefinalversion
of the manuscript for publication. The views expressed in this
paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Ministry.
References
1. Callaghan RC, Tavares J, Taylor L, et al. A national survey of
primary methamphetamine-related admissions to youth residential
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Psychiatry. 2007;52(10):684–688.
2. Cunningham JK, Liu L, Callaghan R. Impact of US and Canadian
precursor regulation on methamphetamine purity in the United
States. Addiction. 2009;104(3):441–453.
3. Callaghan RC, Cunningham JK, Victor JC, et al. Impact of Canadian
federal methamphetamine precursor and essential chemical
regulations on methamphetamine-related acute-care hospital
admissions. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;105(3):185–193.
4. Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General. Fact sheet: BC’s
crystal meth strategy: a co-ordinated community response [Internet].
Victoria (BC): British Columbia Ministry of Public Safety and
Solicitor General; 2007 [cited 2011 Feb 7]. Available from:
http://www.pssg.gov.bc.ca/crystalmeth/pdf/
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(CADUMS): summary of results for 2009. Ottawa (ON): Health
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8. Paglia-Boak A, Mann RE, Adlaf EM, et al. The mental health and
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findings (CAMH Research Document Series No. 29). Toronto (ON):
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9. Smith A, Stewart D, Peled M, et al. A picture of health: highlights
from the 2008 BC Adolescent Health Survey. Vancouver (BC):
McCreary Centre Society; 2009.
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Edmonton (AB): Alberta Health Services–Addiction and Mental
Health; 2009.
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Manuscript received April 2011, revised, and accepted May 2011.
1
Research Assistant, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Social and
Epidemiological Research Department, Toronto, Ontario.
2
Social Epidemiologist, Department of Family and Community
Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
3
Research Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Social
and Epidemiological Research Department, Toronto, Ontario; Assistant
Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario.
Address for correspondence: Dr R C. Callaghan, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1;
Russell_Callaghan@camh.net
5. 700 W La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 56, no 11, novembre 2011
Brief Communication
Résumé : Tendances des premières admissions liées à la méthamphétamine dans
des centres de traitements résidentiels pour les jeunes pour abus de substances au
Canada, 2005–2006 et 2009–2010
Objectif : Dans les dix dernières années, l’utilisation de méthamphétamine et les questions à propos de
sa toxicité ont provoqué de profondes préoccupations au sein du gouvernement canadien, lesquelles ont
entraîné des changements importants des politiques sur les drogues et des stratégies de financement
afin de limiter l’effet sociétal des méfaits liés à la méthamphétamine. Ces préoccupations semblent
justifiées par la recherche qui a constaté, en 2005–2006, que 21 % de toutes les admissions de jeunes
dans des centres de traitement résidentiels pour abus de substances au Canada étaient principalement
attribuables à l’abus de méthamphétamine. Étant donné ces modèles de l’utilisation des traitements et
les initiatives gouvernementales ciblées, une question ouverte consistait à découvrir si la demande de
traitement pour la méthamphétamine observée en 2005–2006 a diminué. Notre étude vise à procurer
des estimations du suivi des admissions de 2009–2010, ainsi qu’une importante information sur les
tendances pour ces périodes.
Méthode : Nous avons dressé une liste exhaustive de tous les centres de traitement résidentiels pour
abus de substances pour les jeunes au Canada. Le directeur général de chaque centre a répondu à nos
questions sur le nombre de cas annuels, et la proportion de cas principalement attribuables à l’abus de
méthamphétamine durant les 12 mois précédents.
Résultats : Les données de notre enquête pour les périodes de 2005–2006 et 2009–2010 indiquent
des réductions marquées des admissions. En 2009–2010, nous avons constaté qu’environ 6 % de
toutes les admissions étaient principalement attribuables à l’abus de méthamphétamine, soit une baisse
substantielle par rapport aux 21 % déclarés dans notre étude de 2005–2006.
Conclusions : Nos données révèlent une réduction nationale significative des admissions liées
à la méthamphétamine. D’autres études indiquent que les admissions pour traitement liées à la
méthamphétamine aux États-Unis et au Mexique ont beaucoup baissé de 2005 à 2008, ce qui serait
en association avec les contrôles de produits chimiques précurseurs de la méthamphétamine exercés
par le Mexique, soulevant la possibilité que les contrôles puissent aussi être associés avec les baisses
observées ici.