Sports rivalry comparison by geography: Are Canadians more friendly?Joe Cobbs
To test for regional variations in reactions to sports rivals, we recruited a sample of highly identified fans across four professional leagues: Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Football League, and National Hockey League. To distinguish teams by region, we utilized the four primary delineations adopted by the US Census (Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, West)and included Canada as a fifth region. Results show two clear distinctions by region that match our general expectation based on regional profiles. First, the Northeast is different from other US regions. Second, Canada is distinct from the US. Both of these differences are evident in fans’ level of team identification and reaction to rival fans. Fans of professional teams in the US Northeast are significantly less identified with their favorite team compared to the other three US regions. Fans of Canadian teams are even less identified with their favorite teams compared to all US regions. Despite lower identification, fans of teams in the US Northeast are significantly more bias against their team’s rival compared to all other US regions in each of the four measures we employed to represent animosity toward rivals (i.e., prejudice, relationship discrimination, schadenfreude, dis-identification). Conversely, fans of Canadian teams were significantly less bias toward rival fans compared to US fans on all four measures.
Fruto de su experiencia en desarrollo procedimental y tramitación electrónica, e-gim cuenta con un completo y extenso catálogo de procedimientos, en constante aumento, del que se enumeran algunos de los más importantes y significativos.
Sports rivalry comparison by geography: Are Canadians more friendly?Joe Cobbs
To test for regional variations in reactions to sports rivals, we recruited a sample of highly identified fans across four professional leagues: Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Football League, and National Hockey League. To distinguish teams by region, we utilized the four primary delineations adopted by the US Census (Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, West)and included Canada as a fifth region. Results show two clear distinctions by region that match our general expectation based on regional profiles. First, the Northeast is different from other US regions. Second, Canada is distinct from the US. Both of these differences are evident in fans’ level of team identification and reaction to rival fans. Fans of professional teams in the US Northeast are significantly less identified with their favorite team compared to the other three US regions. Fans of Canadian teams are even less identified with their favorite teams compared to all US regions. Despite lower identification, fans of teams in the US Northeast are significantly more bias against their team’s rival compared to all other US regions in each of the four measures we employed to represent animosity toward rivals (i.e., prejudice, relationship discrimination, schadenfreude, dis-identification). Conversely, fans of Canadian teams were significantly less bias toward rival fans compared to US fans on all four measures.
Fruto de su experiencia en desarrollo procedimental y tramitación electrónica, e-gim cuenta con un completo y extenso catálogo de procedimientos, en constante aumento, del que se enumeran algunos de los más importantes y significativos.
