This document provides an outline for training modules on mountain tourism development in Galyat, Pakistan. It includes 3 modules: 1. For policy makers, focusing on policy making processes and relating issues to policies. 2. For program managers and implementers, covering implementation, resource management, and linking tourism to local development. 3. For community workers and activists, addressing community involvement, entrepreneurship, and organization. Each module provides learning objectives, participant profiles, and outlines topics like sustainable tourism, institutional coordination, and benefiting local communities. Training methods include lectures, discussions, site visits and exercises. The goal is to build skills for stakeholders in developing mountain tourism.

1. TRAINING MODULE
WITH GALYAT AS MICRO CASE STUDY
By : Khadija Jamal
Ashraf Shanjer
CONSULTANTS GROUP
architecture ∙ planning ∙ engineering ∙ development studies
7-C, 21st Commercial Street, Phase II Ext., D.H.A.

2. Karachi, Pakistan
Tel : (92-21) 5889951, 5894058
Fax : (92-21) 5894056
Preamble
After discussions at the workshop in September at Nepal
where the Consultants presented his initial training
frame work, the outline proposed by Consultants Group
has been expanded.
This now carries the course topic outlines and the time
table for training. The training will take place in the
field for maximum exposure and interaction. The format
encourages maximum participation and exchange. The case
study document will provide the matter as an
illustration of the topics which can also be explained
in the field. Thus the outline topics proposed have can
even be used for training in other case study areas
with case presentation prepared from the respective
documents.
The Training Modules are for Policy Makers, Programme
Designers and Implementers, Community and Visitors who
are involved and are stakeholders in Mountain Tourism
Development.

3. 1. For Policy Makers
"Choose not for anyone what you do not choose for
yourself"
Persian Proverb
Introduction
Policy-making can be the cutting edge in solving
today's problems tomorrow and warding off
tomorrow's problems before they have a chance to
exist. Policy proposals are often the articulation
of new insights and vision about the role of
government, a means of defining emergent values,
and the process by which options are presented for
scrutiny by stakeholders. Policies are often
defined as "Statement of Intent". But intentions
don't always translate into actions and outcomes.
What is important are direction and results.
Relationship between Goals, Policies and
Strategies
Goals are statements that describe desired future
conditions worthy of community effort and
commitment. They reflect need, focus on results

4. and call for human and material resource
commitment.
Policies are formal positions to support the
implementation of goals. They state what the
government intends to do. They are deliberate acts
by those who possess the responsibility for making
decision that will produce anticipated results.
Policies make goals legal and sanction government
courses of action. They lead to the development of
strategies to carry out the goals. Strategies are
means used to accomplish goals and implement
policies. Strategies should encompass a wide range
of alternatives to get programmes and projects
implemented. They should consider the use of non-
governmental approaches, utilising the private
sector, non-profit agencies and community based
organisations.
Rather than be caught up in terminologies, what is
important is to understand the sequence of events
and where policy-making fits into the sequence.
First is awareness and insight into needs and then
is the vision of what can be done and how it can be
done.
Not all policy-making is productive, neither it is
appreciated by those it is designed to serve nor
are all noble in its intents. Not all policy-
making is forward-looking-sometimes it reflects
backward planning. Nevertheless, policy-making is
central to elected leadership and deserves the best
thoughts and actions. Policy is the machinery of
governance.
Purpose

5. The workshop is designed to inform participants
about the nature of government policies related to
tourism in Hindu Kush - Himalaya environment. It
is aimed at creating means of developing policies
in pursuing Tourism in Mountainous areas for local
community development and explaining means of
policy establishment for sustainable tourism
development through government institution, NGOs
and communities. Participants who will complete
this workshop will understand the importance of
policy-making as a deliberate process and the
consequence of governance by unintentional policy.
The workshop would assist the policy-makers in
appreciating the various aspects and develop
policies through dialogues.
Since the issues are cross-sectoral such as tourism
(eco-tourism), forests, wildlife and environment/
landscape and socio-economic development the
participants would be varied. This would be a 15
hours workshop/training forum. The participants
would be from Ministry of Tourism, STC, Ministry of
Environment Pakistan Environment Council, Wildlife
Department and Social Welfare Department - Ministry
of Finance.
Training Time : 15 hours spread over two days
Venue : Nathiagali
Participants : 14 Persons
The participants will arrive in Nathiagali on Day 1
by 9:30 a.m. The course would comprise of lectures,
field visits, workshop discussions and
presentations. The participants will depart by
1800hrs on Day 2.
Content Outlines

6. The course will have the following topics :
1. Orientation on Tourism and Local Development
- Employment generation
- Environmental preservation
- Communication networks (road, transport &
others)
- Accommodation and other facilities /
infrastructure
- Maximising linkages between tourism and
local development
- Minimising leakages of benefits and
returns
- Information dissemination and marketing
2. Policy making for tourism development and
benefits to the community :
- Sustainable mountain tourism
- Concept of carrying capacity
- Long term vs short term policies
- Translating policies / strategies to
programmes and projects
3. Institutional and sectoral coordination
- Public agencies coordination
- Public and Private sector
- NGOs and CBOs
4. Relating issues to policies
- Preservation of nature/environment
- Firewood/alternate source of energy
- Environmentally friendly policies
- Critical resources - human, financial,
institutional and natural
- Linkage: Tourism and community development
- Monitoring of activities
TRAINING EXERCISES

7. Day 1
10.00 a.m. Introduction of participants over
tea
10.30 a.m. Orientation on Tourism and Local
Development.
Questions and Discussions
12.00 p.m. Warm-up exercise : Reflection
Participants would reflect on their own
experiences with similar policies that
have been enacted or should have been
enacted and the impact.
12:45 p.m. Lunch
01.30 p.m. Policy making for tourism
development and benefits to the
community
02.45 p.m. Quiz for Policy Makers
Participants could identify from a list
the policies, goals, problems and
strategies first working alone and then
in small group to compare results.
03.45 p.m. Tea
04.00 p.m. Field Visit
05.30 p.m. Rest
06.30 p.m. Case Study
Participants read a case situation and
working in small group, identify the
problems, goals, policies and strategies
implied by the situation.
08.30 p.m. Dinner
Day 2
09.30 a.m. Institutional and sectoral
coordination questions
10.45 a.m. Tea

8. 11.00 a.m. Relating issues to policies
12.00 p.m. Skill practice exercise
Working in small groups, participants
will discuss problems each of them has
in their department/ministry and with
reference to lectures, and write a goal
statement, policy statement and one or
more strategies for achieving the goal.
01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Skill transfer exercise
Participants reflect on what they have
learned and make personal commitments to
put it to use after the workshop.
03.00 p.m. Closing Remarks
2. Programme Managers and Implementers
"Think like a man of action and act like a man of
thoughts"
Henri Bergson.
Introduction
Implementation means to carry out, accomplish,
produce, fulfill, complete, maintain and operate.
Implementation is doing what was said would be done
in policies and plans. Implementation doesn't just
happen. It must be managed aggressively and
continuously. The key managerial roles that support
implementation are :
1) Decision to assure that inappropriate and
unnecessary projects and programmes are not
brought on line in the first place.

9. 2) Human resource development and Institutional
capacity to assure trained and motivated staff.
3) Resource management, making available adequate
funds, time, personnel, materials and
equipments to implement.
The role of programme managers and implementers
therefore is perhaps four fold, in broader terms,
enabler, facilitator overseer and financier.
Behaviour or act is extremely vital focusing on
what managers do and how they behave in given
situations. Behaviour is the bottom line of
management. Which role does the manager want to
play : Set I. Figurehead, leader, liaison ? Set II.
Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson ? Set III.
Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, resource
allocater, negotiator?
For successful implementation, managers may have to
"get their hands dirty" by learning and applying
technical skills that aren't in the formal
management curriculum.
The key elements are to diminish the gap between
policy and ground reality and therefore be involved
in the planning and development of
programme/initiative; availability of adequate
resource; set up monitoring and evaluation systems
as efficiency and effectiveness are important
benchmarks for determining performance.
Purpose
The workshop has been designed to provide
participants with an understanding of

10. implementation programmes and projects related to
Mountain tourism and socio-economic development of
the communities. It will bring into focus the
aspect of feasibility for interchangeable roles and
explore creative and innovative methods of
programme management and implementation.
The training workshop will discuss issues of
tourism carrying capacity, participating and
sustainable approaches involvement of private
sector and inter-agency coordination.
Participation
Managers and implementers of tourism related
activities. This would be a group having
association with different programmes of tourism in
public or private sector Possibly a 2-3 day
workshop. The group of trainees would be from the
various departments having presence in the field.
Training Time : 35 hours spread over four days
Venue : Nathiagali
Participants : 28 Persons
The participants will arrive an evening before the
course commencement. The course would comprise of
lectures, discussions, field visits and workshop.
Content Outlines
The course will having the following outline.
1. Role of Programme Planners and Implementers

11. 2. Orientation on Tourism and Local Development
- Mountain tourism what it means to local
community
- Sustainable tourism development
- Working with communities and participatory
approach towards mountain tourism
development
- Tourism asset assessment
- Carrying capacity assessment
- Mobilization of resources
3. Development of Tourism Products and
Infrastructure
- Grounds
- Creation of magnets
- Accommodation
- Communication
- Water supply and sanitation
- Garbage and waste
4. Resource and Linkages Creation and Management
- Identification and quantification of
critical resources: human, financial and
Institutional
- Means and tools of resource management
- Institutional linkages
- Sectoral linkages and coordination
- Management of resources and production of
local level
- Fund generation
5. Information inventory
- Tourism assets
- Tourism concerns and ownership
- Socio-economic condition of the area

12. - Investment opportunities
- Community's role in tourism development
6. Benefits to Local Community
- Increased per capita expenditure of
tourist
- Development of local products
- Presentation of nature and introducing the
concept of eco-tourism
- Local ownership of production system
- Linkage between tourism and other sectors
- Project definition for resource turnaround
in the area
7. Local Institutions and Participation in
Decision Making
- Local development agencies
- NGOs
- CBOs
- Women's voice
8. Planning and Feedback
- Project design
- Project Implementation
- Maintaining
- Feedback
- Improvement
Day 1
09.30 a.m. Introduction of participants
10.00 a.m. Role of Programme Planners and
Implementers
11.00 a.m. Tea
11.15 a.m. Orientation on Tourism and Local
Development questions
12:45 p.m. Warm-up Exercise
Participants are asked to find solution
to a puzzle to demonstrate that problems
can be solved in many ways by moving
outside the mind-set. This will reflect
on all aspects such as negotiating,

13. facilitating, overseeing and funding.
01.30 p.m. Lunch
02.30 p.m. Development of Tourism Products and
Infrastructure questions
04.00 p.m. Tea
04.15 p.m. Site Visit
06.00 p.m. Tea
Day 2
09.30 a.m. Warm-up Exercise
Peoples representatives interaction with
people - Debate / Discussion
10.00 a.m. Resource and linkage creation and
management questions
11.30 a.m. Tea
11.45 a.m. Case Study Presentation - Role Playing
Exercise
01.30 p.m. Lunch
02.30 p.m. Information Inventory questions
04.00 p.m. benefits to Local Communities questions
05:30 p.m. Tea
06:00 p.m. Game Exercise
Simulate a game to see the difference
between people's real expression and
that of the perception of programme
implementor
08:00 p.m. Dinner
Day 3
09:30 a.m. Site Visit
10:30 a.m. Tea at site
12:00 p.m. Local Institutes and Participants in
Discussion meeting questions
01:30 p.m. Lunch
02:30 p.m. Planning and Feedback questions
04:00 p.m. Tea
04:15 p.m. Exercise
Working in small groups for problem

14. solving on pre-determined issue of
Mountain Tourism Development-Nathiagali
05:30 p.m. Tea
05:45 p.m. Exercise Continues
Day 4
09:30 a.m. Tea and preparation for presentation
10:30 a.m. Presentation by the groups to policy
makers and communities
11:30 a.m. Tea
12:00 p.m. Presentation Continues
01:30 p.m. Lunch
02:30 p.m. Skill Transfer Exercise
Participants reflect on what they have
learned and make personal commitments to
put it to use after the workshop
04:30 p.m. Tea and disperse
3. Community Workers and Activists
"While we consider when to begin, it becomes too
late"
Latin Proverb.

15. Introduction
Community are the main stakeholders. Tourism
development may or may not impact them directly.
Though any investment or development in this area
must benefit them without a doubt, it is a case of
being organised and be aware of the needs, be sure
of what is beneficial to them and what impacts the
development projects have in their
environment/landscape, income, social sector
development and tradition/culture. Training women
groups or activists in management and participants
in dialogues regarding development in their area is
quite essential. In this case it is necessary
first to inform men and raise an awareness among
them of the benefits of involving women. That it
is not anti religion anti culture and neither is it
a threat to the power of men.
In the many investment programmes planned by the
government, the communities are usually absent from
the planning and delivery of service. It is
therefore important for them to have the
opportunity for being the central elements in terms
of beneficiaries. The community requires
technical, management and to some extent financial
support.
Purpose
The workshop aims to inform the community on the
aspects of tourism development and impact on their
environment, economy, and quality of life. It

16. shall raise the need for community mobilisation and
participation of in micro-level decision making.
Participation
Community activists, CBOs, women activists.
Workshop to be held in the local environment.
Training Time : 30 hours spread over five days
Venue : Nathiagali
Participants : 40 Persons
The community will live in their own houses and
gather for training every day by 10:00 a.m.
Content Outline
The course will have the following outline.
1. Orientation to Mountain Tourism and Development
- Tourist magnets
- Community development's link with Tourism
Development.
- Tourism products
- Resource utilisation
- Role of Institutions
2. Concept Awareness
- Types of effects of tourism
- Eco tourism
- Leakages
- Sustainable tourism development
- Community involvement
- Benefits to the area (Transferable and
intangible)
- O&M

17. 3. Problems Constraints and Issues
- The three tiered culture
- Physical
- Social
- Culture
- Economic
- Technical
- Community and public sector partnership
- Conservation of nature
- Environmental friendly interventions
4. Appreciating Carrying Capacity
- Environment
- Socio-economic
- Institutional
- Critical resources : human, financial,
natural
5. Technology and Development
- Social acceptance (attitudinal change)
- Cost evaluation (social, financial,
environmental, long term, short term)
- Local innovations
6. Entrepreneurial Skill Development
- Street smartness
- Investment options
- Product development
- Marketing
7. Community Organisation and Management
- Mobilisation - men & women
- Organisational benefits
- Management tools
- Monitoring and improvement

18. Day 1
10.00 a.m. Introduction of participants
Objective of Training
11.00 a.m. Tea
11.15 a.m. Orientation on Mountain Tourism and
Development. Questions
01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Exercise
Discussion on local problems and release
of pent-up frustrations against
authorities
03.00 p.m. Visit to Tourism Site
Day 2
10.00 a.m. Discussion on field visit
11.00 a.m. Tea
11.15 a.m. Concept Awareness. Questions
01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Problems constraints and issues
03.00 p.m. Visit Site
Day 3
10.00 a.m. Appreciating carrying capacity.
Questions
11.00 a.m. Tea
11.15 a.m. Working groups seeking responses to
lectures 2 and 3 and the site visits
01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Presentation by working groups
03.00 p.m. Tea
Day 4
10.00 a.m. Technology and Development. Questions
11.30 a.m. Tea
11.45 a.m. Entrepreneur skill development.
Questions

19. 01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Game Puzzle
Game playing on puzzle of moving around
a maize and overcoming the obstruction
in accomplishing programme to one's
benefit.
03.30 p.m. Tea
Day 5
10.00 a.m. Community Organisation and Management
11.30 a.m. Tea
11.45 a.m. Exercise : Role Playing
Two groups - community and Implementers
dialogue.
01.00 p.m. Lunch
02.00 p.m. Exercise
Identifying projects of benefit to the
area in the context of tourism in
groups. Check for commonalties and then
let the groups reach a consensus on
priorities.
03.30 p.m. Tea
04:00 p.m. Skill Transfer
Participants reflect on what they have
learned and make personal commitments to
put it to use after the workshop.
Note : This would be tried with men and women groups.

20. 4. VISITORS
The visitors coming to Nathiagali at present, are
limited. The aim is to attract visitors interested
in nature and spending time in the natural
environment while respecting nature.
Participants: Tourists / Visitors
Time:3 hours
1. Information Dissemination about Nathiagali
2. Tourism Assets
3. Respecting the Environment
4. Community and Tourism