The document summarizes Pakistan's trade and payment trends during July-April 2011-12. It notes that while exports increased slightly by 0.1%, imports grew much faster at 14.5% leading to a widening trade deficit. Worker remittances provided some relief, growing 25.8%. However, foreign direct investment declined sharply by 48.3% partly due to energy issues. The rupee also depreciated against the dollar by 3.4% over the period.
ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S HORTICULTURE EXPORTSAkram Khalid
- Pakistan's horticulture exports have potential for growth given the global market for fruit and vegetable exports was over $222 billion in 2013. However, Pakistan only accounted for 0.3% of this market.
- The top horticultural crops in Pakistan are citrus and mango, which make up over 50% of total fruit production. For vegetables, potatoes and onions are the largest.
- Pakistan's citrus exports, led by kinnow, have been growing. However, export prices to countries like Afghanistan, Russia, and Ukraine are still below world prices, representing an opportunity.
- The FPCCI standing committee on horticulture aims to boost exports by identifying opportunities, addressing issues with min
Determinants of indonesia’s crude coconut oil export demandAlexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the determinants of Indonesia's crude coconut oil (CCO) export demand from 2000-2011. 2. It finds Indonesia's CCO export volume and price fluctuated during this period, while its market share varied in key importing countries like China, Netherlands, Malaysia, and Singapore. 3. The determinants of Indonesia's CCO export demand were found to be Indonesia's CCO export price, the importing country's population and GDP per capita, the exchange rate between the Indonesian rupiah and the importing country's currency, and the Philippine's CCO export price.
This document analyzes trends in global and Indian foreign trade from 2011-2014. It finds that while world trade recovered from the global economic crisis by 2011, India's export growth declined in 2012-2013 due to the global slowdown. The document also examines India's trade volumes and composition, finding that while its exports have diversified, the composition of its export basket has not changed significantly. It notes that India's trade as a percentage of GDP has increased from 28% in 2004-2005 to 43% in 2011-2012.
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Traderangegowda12345
India's foreign trade has grown substantially over the years. The document discusses key trends in India's exports and imports between 2004-2014. It notes that India's top export partners are the USA, UAE, and Saudi Arabia, with petroleum products, pearls/precious stones, and gold being the top exported commodities. For imports, China is the top source country, followed by Saudi Arabia and UAE, with crude petroleum, gold, and other commodities being the leading imports. The composition and direction of India's trade has changed significantly since the 1990s liberalization, with growing exports of manufactured goods and imports of capital goods and industrial materials.
Global and china ethylene industry report, 2009 2010ResearchInChina
Before 2009, most ethylene capacity was in developed countries, but Asia and the Middle East have seen rapidly expanding capacity in recent years. In 2009-2010, newly increased capacity was 1.8 million tons and 7.29 million tons in Asia, and 5.22 million tons and 1.6 million tons in the Middle East. The rapid expansion in the Middle East may significantly impact China's ethylene market. Global ethylene capacity was expected to reach 145 million tons in 2010, up from 137 million tons in 2009.
The document discusses India's foreign trade and its importance for economic development. It notes that while India had a significant share of world trade at independence, its share declined until 1980 but has since improved. It provides statistics on India's exports and imports by value and sector. It also discusses factors influencing India's foreign trade performance and rankings compared to other countries.
Ethylbenzene Global Market to 2020 - Growth in South and Central America to O...ReportsnReports
The report analyzes the global ethylbenzene market, finding that:
- The Asia-Pacific region accounted for over half of global ethylbenzene demand in 2011, led by China with 28% of regional demand.
- Global ethylbenzene demand increased from 20.5 million tons in 2000 to 25.1 million tons in 2011, and is expected to grow at a 3.7% CAGR to 2020, with Asia-Pacific's dominance increasing.
- The 263-page report provides detailed historical and projected demand, production, price trends, and competitive analysis for ethylbenzene globally and in major regions and countries.
This document discusses exports and imports in India. It provides examples of major items exported from India, including milk products, wheat, rice, coffee, tea, spices and medicines. It also lists major import items for India such as fertilizers, edible oils, sugar, iron and steel, and petroleum products. The document includes graphs showing India's balance of trade from 2002 to 2012 and lists the top 15 exporting states in India as well as India's major importing partners like China, Saudi Arabia, the U.S., UAE, Iran and Singapore. It outlines the importance of imports and exports for India's economy and shifts its focus from agriculture to trade.
ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S HORTICULTURE EXPORTSAkram Khalid
- Pakistan's horticulture exports have potential for growth given the global market for fruit and vegetable exports was over $222 billion in 2013. However, Pakistan only accounted for 0.3% of this market.
- The top horticultural crops in Pakistan are citrus and mango, which make up over 50% of total fruit production. For vegetables, potatoes and onions are the largest.
- Pakistan's citrus exports, led by kinnow, have been growing. However, export prices to countries like Afghanistan, Russia, and Ukraine are still below world prices, representing an opportunity.
- The FPCCI standing committee on horticulture aims to boost exports by identifying opportunities, addressing issues with min
Determinants of indonesia’s crude coconut oil export demandAlexander Decker
1. The document analyzes the determinants of Indonesia's crude coconut oil (CCO) export demand from 2000-2011. 2. It finds Indonesia's CCO export volume and price fluctuated during this period, while its market share varied in key importing countries like China, Netherlands, Malaysia, and Singapore. 3. The determinants of Indonesia's CCO export demand were found to be Indonesia's CCO export price, the importing country's population and GDP per capita, the exchange rate between the Indonesian rupiah and the importing country's currency, and the Philippine's CCO export price.
This document analyzes trends in global and Indian foreign trade from 2011-2014. It finds that while world trade recovered from the global economic crisis by 2011, India's export growth declined in 2012-2013 due to the global slowdown. The document also examines India's trade volumes and composition, finding that while its exports have diversified, the composition of its export basket has not changed significantly. It notes that India's trade as a percentage of GDP has increased from 28% in 2004-2005 to 43% in 2011-2012.
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Traderangegowda12345
India's foreign trade has grown substantially over the years. The document discusses key trends in India's exports and imports between 2004-2014. It notes that India's top export partners are the USA, UAE, and Saudi Arabia, with petroleum products, pearls/precious stones, and gold being the top exported commodities. For imports, China is the top source country, followed by Saudi Arabia and UAE, with crude petroleum, gold, and other commodities being the leading imports. The composition and direction of India's trade has changed significantly since the 1990s liberalization, with growing exports of manufactured goods and imports of capital goods and industrial materials.
Global and china ethylene industry report, 2009 2010ResearchInChina
Before 2009, most ethylene capacity was in developed countries, but Asia and the Middle East have seen rapidly expanding capacity in recent years. In 2009-2010, newly increased capacity was 1.8 million tons and 7.29 million tons in Asia, and 5.22 million tons and 1.6 million tons in the Middle East. The rapid expansion in the Middle East may significantly impact China's ethylene market. Global ethylene capacity was expected to reach 145 million tons in 2010, up from 137 million tons in 2009.
The document discusses India's foreign trade and its importance for economic development. It notes that while India had a significant share of world trade at independence, its share declined until 1980 but has since improved. It provides statistics on India's exports and imports by value and sector. It also discusses factors influencing India's foreign trade performance and rankings compared to other countries.
Ethylbenzene Global Market to 2020 - Growth in South and Central America to O...ReportsnReports
The report analyzes the global ethylbenzene market, finding that:
- The Asia-Pacific region accounted for over half of global ethylbenzene demand in 2011, led by China with 28% of regional demand.
- Global ethylbenzene demand increased from 20.5 million tons in 2000 to 25.1 million tons in 2011, and is expected to grow at a 3.7% CAGR to 2020, with Asia-Pacific's dominance increasing.
- The 263-page report provides detailed historical and projected demand, production, price trends, and competitive analysis for ethylbenzene globally and in major regions and countries.
This document discusses exports and imports in India. It provides examples of major items exported from India, including milk products, wheat, rice, coffee, tea, spices and medicines. It also lists major import items for India such as fertilizers, edible oils, sugar, iron and steel, and petroleum products. The document includes graphs showing India's balance of trade from 2002 to 2012 and lists the top 15 exporting states in India as well as India's major importing partners like China, Saudi Arabia, the U.S., UAE, Iran and Singapore. It outlines the importance of imports and exports for India's economy and shifts its focus from agriculture to trade.
This document contains a poem describing the body parts of a child, including eight fingers, two ears, ten toes, two thumbs that wiggle, two feet that stamp, and hands that clap. It expresses how fun it is to be that child. The document also defines some words used in the poem: blow, wiggle, stamp, and clap. It concludes with a thank you.
1) The document describes a toy model to help explain Markov chains used in forecasting. It involves the metabolic carbon flow in extinct arborescent lycopsids.
2) The toy model uses a transition matrix and state vector to represent the flow of carbon through different states over a diurnal cycle.
3) The toy model demonstrates how Markov chains can be used to model complex real-world processes and help explain sources of change and variability in large Markov chain forecasts.
El documento describe las funciones de video y diseño en Microsoft Word que permiten agregar videos de manera profesional y mantener un documento coordinado a través de temas y estilos. Word permite insertar videos en línea y buscar videos que se adapten al documento, y proporciona elementos de diseño como encabezados, pies de página y portadas que coinciden. Al aplicar temas y estilos, los elementos multimedia y formato cambian para mantener la coherencia del documento.
Fun and games, indoor and outdoor activities, designed specifically to cater to all ages and specific recreational facilities ensure that every holiday you take will be special.
El documento describe los elementos clave de la planta externa de telecomunicaciones, incluyendo cables, cajas terminales, postes, tendidos aéreos y subterráneos, y clasificaciones. Explica que la planta externa conecta la central telefónica con los clientes y contiene redes principales, secundarias y de canalización. También describe empalmes de fibra óptica y cobre para unir tramos de cable.
As an assistant state’s attorney, Patrick Kenneally performs as a special prosecutor in McHenry County, Illinois. In 2012, Patrick Kenneally prosecuted the drunk-driving case of Marengo resident Daniel Bending.
Fun and games, indoor and outdoor activities, designed specifically to cater to all ages and specific recreational facilities ensure that every holiday you take will be special.
El documento describe el programa de informática en un instituto técnico en Zipaquirá, Colombia. El programa tiene el objetivo de apoyar otras áreas académicas enseñando habilidades de tecnología de la información a través de aplicaciones de oficina, presentaciones, programación y herramientas web. El plan de estudios incluye cursos sobre procesadores de texto, hojas de cálculo, presentaciones, programación básica y herramientas web a lo largo de los grados 6-11.
Charity Jacob offers graphic design services including magazine spreads, web pages, photography, typography, slide design, movie posters, social media campaigns, and event fliers. She asks potential clients to let her design for them.
The Pilgrims arrived in America aboard the Mayflower in 1620. They befriended the Native Americans, who taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn and hunt animals. In the fall, the Pilgrims had a successful harvest and celebrated with a Thanksgiving feast, inviting the Native Americans who had helped them. Today, Americans celebrate Thanksgiving in November by having a dinner with turkey to give thanks for their blessings.
Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening(World Literature)Sarah Cruz
The poem describes a traveler stopping in the woods on a snowy evening to watch the woods fill with snow. His horse thinks it's strange to stop without a nearby farmhouse between the woods and frozen lake, as it's the darkest evening of the year. The horse shakes its harness bells, wondering if there's been a mistake. The only other sounds are the sweep of the gentle wind and falling snowflakes. Though the woods are lovely and deep, the traveler has promises to keep and miles left to travel before resting for the night.
Segundo Life es un mundo virtual en línea donde los usuarios pueden crear avatares y explorar diferentes lugares. Alexis visitó Second Life por primera vez y creó su propio avatar para navegar por la isla, interactuar con otros usuarios y aprender más sobre la plataforma. Aunque al principio le resultó confuso, con el tiempo se familiarizó con las funciones y descubrió que Second Life ofrece muchas posibilidades para la creatividad y la socialización.
This short document discusses refugees and how to help them. It notes that there are 60 million refugees worldwide, half of whom are children. It also states that Jesus Christ himself was a refugee and encourages readers to listen to refugees' stories with an open heart and mind. The document suggests that how we respond to refugees will reflect our character more than their status defines them.
This document appears to be an advertisement for a design firm called BF+H that helps brands both breathe new visual life into existing brands and forge new brands from ideas. It provides their website and contact information for two representatives, Gil Hanson and Dave Fiedler, to showcase their North American design services.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
El documento describe los beneficios de tener un perro en el hogar, incluyendo que los niños tienen menos probabilidades de enfermedades, aprenden más rápido cuando leen cerca de un perro, y tienen menos alergias cuando son mayores. También dice que los perros reducen la soledad de las personas y les hacen sentir acompañados, además de que la mayoría de dueños de perros se sienten más felices y con mejor autoestima que aquellos sin mascotas.
Physical therapy aims to restore functional ability and quality of life for those with physical impairments. Physical therapists diagnose and treat individuals of all ages through examination, treatment plans, and promoting mobility. Physical therapy has many specialties including orthopedics, neurology, geriatrics and more. Physical therapists practice in various settings to provide individualized care.
The document provides highlights from Kenya's 2012 Economic Survey. It summarizes Kenya's economic performance in 2011, noting GDP growth slowed to 4.4% from 5% in 2010 due to high oil prices, drought, and inflation. The agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism sectors grew while the stock market declined. Inflation increased to 14% in 2011. The economic outlook for 2012 projected lower GDP growth of 4.2% due to high fuel costs and inflation.
The document provides an economic survey of Kenya for 2012 that highlights key developments in 2011. It summarizes that while Kenya's economy grew in 2011, the rate of growth slowed compared to 2010 due to factors like high oil prices, drought, and inflation. The manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism sectors saw growth despite challenges, while public spending and investment increased.
This document contains a poem describing the body parts of a child, including eight fingers, two ears, ten toes, two thumbs that wiggle, two feet that stamp, and hands that clap. It expresses how fun it is to be that child. The document also defines some words used in the poem: blow, wiggle, stamp, and clap. It concludes with a thank you.
1) The document describes a toy model to help explain Markov chains used in forecasting. It involves the metabolic carbon flow in extinct arborescent lycopsids.
2) The toy model uses a transition matrix and state vector to represent the flow of carbon through different states over a diurnal cycle.
3) The toy model demonstrates how Markov chains can be used to model complex real-world processes and help explain sources of change and variability in large Markov chain forecasts.
El documento describe las funciones de video y diseño en Microsoft Word que permiten agregar videos de manera profesional y mantener un documento coordinado a través de temas y estilos. Word permite insertar videos en línea y buscar videos que se adapten al documento, y proporciona elementos de diseño como encabezados, pies de página y portadas que coinciden. Al aplicar temas y estilos, los elementos multimedia y formato cambian para mantener la coherencia del documento.
Fun and games, indoor and outdoor activities, designed specifically to cater to all ages and specific recreational facilities ensure that every holiday you take will be special.
El documento describe los elementos clave de la planta externa de telecomunicaciones, incluyendo cables, cajas terminales, postes, tendidos aéreos y subterráneos, y clasificaciones. Explica que la planta externa conecta la central telefónica con los clientes y contiene redes principales, secundarias y de canalización. También describe empalmes de fibra óptica y cobre para unir tramos de cable.
As an assistant state’s attorney, Patrick Kenneally performs as a special prosecutor in McHenry County, Illinois. In 2012, Patrick Kenneally prosecuted the drunk-driving case of Marengo resident Daniel Bending.
Fun and games, indoor and outdoor activities, designed specifically to cater to all ages and specific recreational facilities ensure that every holiday you take will be special.
El documento describe el programa de informática en un instituto técnico en Zipaquirá, Colombia. El programa tiene el objetivo de apoyar otras áreas académicas enseñando habilidades de tecnología de la información a través de aplicaciones de oficina, presentaciones, programación y herramientas web. El plan de estudios incluye cursos sobre procesadores de texto, hojas de cálculo, presentaciones, programación básica y herramientas web a lo largo de los grados 6-11.
Charity Jacob offers graphic design services including magazine spreads, web pages, photography, typography, slide design, movie posters, social media campaigns, and event fliers. She asks potential clients to let her design for them.
The Pilgrims arrived in America aboard the Mayflower in 1620. They befriended the Native Americans, who taught the Pilgrims how to plant corn and hunt animals. In the fall, the Pilgrims had a successful harvest and celebrated with a Thanksgiving feast, inviting the Native Americans who had helped them. Today, Americans celebrate Thanksgiving in November by having a dinner with turkey to give thanks for their blessings.
Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening(World Literature)Sarah Cruz
The poem describes a traveler stopping in the woods on a snowy evening to watch the woods fill with snow. His horse thinks it's strange to stop without a nearby farmhouse between the woods and frozen lake, as it's the darkest evening of the year. The horse shakes its harness bells, wondering if there's been a mistake. The only other sounds are the sweep of the gentle wind and falling snowflakes. Though the woods are lovely and deep, the traveler has promises to keep and miles left to travel before resting for the night.
Segundo Life es un mundo virtual en línea donde los usuarios pueden crear avatares y explorar diferentes lugares. Alexis visitó Second Life por primera vez y creó su propio avatar para navegar por la isla, interactuar con otros usuarios y aprender más sobre la plataforma. Aunque al principio le resultó confuso, con el tiempo se familiarizó con las funciones y descubrió que Second Life ofrece muchas posibilidades para la creatividad y la socialización.
This short document discusses refugees and how to help them. It notes that there are 60 million refugees worldwide, half of whom are children. It also states that Jesus Christ himself was a refugee and encourages readers to listen to refugees' stories with an open heart and mind. The document suggests that how we respond to refugees will reflect our character more than their status defines them.
This document appears to be an advertisement for a design firm called BF+H that helps brands both breathe new visual life into existing brands and forge new brands from ideas. It provides their website and contact information for two representatives, Gil Hanson and Dave Fiedler, to showcase their North American design services.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
El documento describe los beneficios de tener un perro en el hogar, incluyendo que los niños tienen menos probabilidades de enfermedades, aprenden más rápido cuando leen cerca de un perro, y tienen menos alergias cuando son mayores. También dice que los perros reducen la soledad de las personas y les hacen sentir acompañados, además de que la mayoría de dueños de perros se sienten más felices y con mejor autoestima que aquellos sin mascotas.
Physical therapy aims to restore functional ability and quality of life for those with physical impairments. Physical therapists diagnose and treat individuals of all ages through examination, treatment plans, and promoting mobility. Physical therapy has many specialties including orthopedics, neurology, geriatrics and more. Physical therapists practice in various settings to provide individualized care.
The document provides highlights from Kenya's 2012 Economic Survey. It summarizes Kenya's economic performance in 2011, noting GDP growth slowed to 4.4% from 5% in 2010 due to high oil prices, drought, and inflation. The agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism sectors grew while the stock market declined. Inflation increased to 14% in 2011. The economic outlook for 2012 projected lower GDP growth of 4.2% due to high fuel costs and inflation.
The document provides an economic survey of Kenya for 2012 that highlights key developments in 2011. It summarizes that while Kenya's economy grew in 2011, the rate of growth slowed compared to 2010 due to factors like high oil prices, drought, and inflation. The manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism sectors saw growth despite challenges, while public spending and investment increased.
The document outlines India's foreign trade policy for 2009-2014. It notes that while India's exports grew substantially from 2003-2008, the global economic crisis caused exports to decline sharply starting in late 2008. The policy outlines various measures taken by the government and RBI to stimulate exports, such as interest subvention for labor-intensive sectors, continuation of duty exemption programs, and increasing lines of credit. It also provides data on major export destinations and import commodities. The short term objectives of the policy are to reverse the decline in exports and provide additional support to hard-hit sectors.
- Pakistan's horticulture exports have potential for growth given the global market for fruit and vegetable exports was over $222 billion in 2013. However, Pakistan only accounted for 0.3% of this market.
- The top horticultural crops in Pakistan are citrus and mango, which make up over 50% of total fruit production. For vegetables, potatoes and onions are the largest.
- Pakistan's citrus exports, led by kinnow, have been growing. However, export prices to countries like Afghanistan, Russia, and Ukraine are still below world prices, representing an opportunity.
- The FPCCI standing committee on horticulture aims to boost exports by identifying opportunities, addressing issues with min
impact of trade policy of Pakistan on imports and exports of PakistanNouman Rafique
The document discusses Pakistan's trade policy and its impact on imports and exports. It provides background on what trade policy is, who formulates Pakistan's policy, and its key purposes. The 2009-2012 Strategic Trade Policy Framework's goals are outlined, including export targets and funding. Key features of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 policies are highlighted. Major imports and exports are listed, and quarterly trade data from 2011 is presented showing totals and balances.
The document discusses the Indian economy and trends in Asian economies. It provides an overview of India's economic transition to a services-driven economy, with services now accounting for 57% of GDP. It summarizes growth rates for key sectors in India such as agriculture, industry, and services between 2005-2011. It also discusses the impacts of the global recession of 2008-2009 on Asian economies and indicators of recovery. Overall, it analyzes economic growth trends and the structure of economies across Asia.
The document summarizes the strong fundamentals of the Peruvian economy as presented by Julio Velarde, Governor of the Central Bank of Peru. Some key points:
- Peru experienced average annual GDP growth of 5.7% over the past decade, the fastest growth rate since the 1970s. Inflation has also remained low at an average of 2.3% annually over the past decade.
- Private investment has increased to an average of 25% of GDP from 2010-2012, helping drive economic growth. Poverty levels have decreased as GDP has increased.
- The Central Bank of Peru has accumulated substantial international reserves as a precautionary measure, with reserves expected to reach 30.
The document summarizes Pakistan's economic growth and investment over the past year. It states that Pakistan's economy grew by an estimated 4.1% in 2009-10, a turnaround from the previous year's growth of 1.2%. However, the recovery remains fragile as not all sectors and regions have benefited equally from the modest upturn. Unemployment also increased moderately. Stronger growth will require resolving long-standing structural issues around resource mobilization and productivity.
The document provides information on India's foreign trade policies and trends over several decades. It discusses the evolution of India's trade balance from deficits in the early decades to surpluses more recently. Key points include:
- India had trade deficits from the 1950s through 1980s as imports grew faster than exports due to developmental needs and oil shocks. Deficits peaked in the 1980s, making India one of the most indebted countries.
- Liberalization began in the 1990s with policies promoting exports and attracting foreign capital. This reduced deficits and led to surpluses in the 2000s as exports grew rapidly, especially for software and manufactured goods.
- More recent foreign trade policies have aimed to
Electrolux Consolidated Results 2014 - PresentationElectrolux Group
The Q4-14 report summarizes Electrolux's financial performance in the fourth quarter of 2014. Some key points:
- Net sales increased 8.7% to SEK 31.4 billion due to organic growth of 2% and currency effects of 6.5%.
- EBIT improved 20.4% to SEK 1.47 billion despite currency headwinds, driven by operational recovery in Europe and cost savings.
- Cash flow was strong at SEK 1.84 billion due to improved profitability and working capital management.
The document provides an economic outlook for India for 2010-11 and 2011-12. It projects that the Indian economy will grow at 8.5% in 2010-11 and 9% in 2011-12, driven by growth in agriculture, industry, and services. Inflation is projected to be 6.5% by March 2011 due to an expected normal monsoon and a rising domestic savings and investment rate. The current account deficit is estimated to remain around 3% of GDP.
1. Ireland experienced strong economic growth from 2006-2007 but then suffered a severe economic downturn from 2008-2009 as the global financial crisis hit. GDP and GNP declined sharply.
2. The document discusses whether Ireland's program of austerity measures is the appropriate policy response or "role model" for other countries like Greece experiencing economic crises.
3. The author analyzes Ireland's economic data from 2006-2012 and unemployment levels over time to evaluate the effects of austerity and debate if it is the right approach for recovery.
An Overview of Export Performance of Agricultural Products in IndiaIOSRJBM
Exports are the basis of the overall growth performance of any country. By increasing the rate of exports, any developing country can pave a way for the development by earning international liquidity thereby; sort out the problem of reserves to start up of any project to come out the circle of poverty. So, it becomes a paramount importance for the country like India to start export promotion measures to boost up the pace of its exports and India has already taken many steps to increase the level of its exports. It is concluded from the results of the study that Cotton raw including waste, iron ore, plastic and linoleum and transport equipment has been observed as the products in which exports have been increased at the maximum rate, whereas exports of Tea, Iron and steel, Mica and Leather and Manufacturing have been identified as the area in which satisfied results have not been achieved. So, it is suggested by the results of study that government should promote exports of different sectors by providing different incentives to different sectors to avail the opportunity and fill up the gaps as well. Indian agricultural export has undergone significant changes during recent times. In this context, the present study has analysed the trend in exports of agricultural commodities from India, the changes in the comparative advantage, the Indian agricultural export scenario has witnessed during the past decade and the prospects for further boosting the agricultural export. The study has also analysed the comparative advantage of India’s exports, through revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The RCA was improving in case of cotton, maize, and certain fruits and vegetables over time, but declining in case of some spices, rice and wheat. In case of plantation based spices and other commodities, India is gradually losing its comparative edge, mainly to Asian countries. The study has so identified yield improvement through growth in total factor productivity (TFP) as a potential factor that would result in generation of exportable surpluses and boosting India’s export
Bangladesh economics,Suggestion regarding enhancement of national income of ...University of Rajshahi
This document contains information about a student group called "Portfolio" working on a project about suggesting enhancements to Bangladesh's national income. It includes a table of contents and sections discussing various economic sectors in Bangladesh like agriculture, fisheries, mining, industry, services, and prospective sectors. For each sector, it provides data on contribution to GDP, existing problems, and recommendations to improve national income. It also discusses broader topics like tax rates, public-private partnerships, and necessary economic and policy reforms.
The document summarizes Mongolia's macroeconomic indicators and developments from 2005 to 2013. It saw strong growth averaging over 10% annually despite slowing exports and FDI inflows in recent years. This growth contributed to declining poverty but also higher inflation due to expansionary fiscal policy in 2012. The fiscal deficit widened to over 11% of GDP in 2012 when including state-owned Development Bank of Mongolia spending, though revenue growth has been strong in 2013. International reserves grew following Mongolia's successful international bond issuance.
FAISAL BASRI: Subsidi BBM Sudah Bewujud Kanker GanasRuslan Chandra
Forum Diskusi Ekonomi Politik "Subsidi BBM, Solusi atau Masalah?" Minggu, 7 September 2014 bertempat di
Double Bay Lounge and Resto, Lobby Ibis Budget (ex Formula 1) Plaza Menteng GF 9-10, Jl Cokroaminoto 79 Jakarta Pusat.
Pembicara :
Ir. Hasto Kristiyanto, MM (Wakil Sekjend PDIP)
Faisal Basri (Pengamat Ekonomi)
Joko Anwar (Seniman Indonesia)
Olga Lydia (Seniman Indonesia)
Moderator : Azwar Zulkarnaen (FDEP).
Upload by: Ruslan Andy Chandra
http://liputansatu.blogspot.com/2014/09/faisal-basri-subsidi-bbm-solusi-atau.html.
Sumber: Forum Diskusi Ekonomi Politik (FDEP),
Peru and China have a long history of economic and cultural relations dating back over 150 years. China is now Peru's largest trade partner and a major source of investment in Peru's mining and other natural resource sectors. While trade is asymmetric with Peru exporting mainly raw materials and importing manufactured goods, the economic relationship has benefited both countries and helped drive economic growth in Peru. Chinese investment and cooperation are expected to continue playing an important role in Peru's economy going forward.
11.price and income elasticities of disaggregated import demandAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examines import demand in the Dominican Republic from 1980-2005. It estimates import demand functions for services, merchandise, petroleum, and other products using the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The key findings are:
1) All estimated import demand functions show a long-run equilibrium relationship between imports, relative prices, and domestic income.
2) The long-run price elasticities are below 1, indicating relative prices do not affect import demand.
3) The long-run income elasticities are significantly above 1, showing imports are strongly affected by domestic economic activity.
4) These results have implications for sustainable economic growth in the Dominican Republic given its membership
The document presents the proposed Philippine Export Development Plan (PEDP) for 2008-2010. It summarizes the performance and targets of the 2005-2007 PEDP, outlines the global economic outlook and challenges/opportunities for Philippine exports. It then details the export targets, strategies and policy requirements to implement the 2008-2010 PEDP aimed at increasing Philippine exports to $84.4 billion by 2010 through focusing on priority industries and revenue streams as well as addressing issues like market access, input costs and the peso exchange rate.
4. Introduction
• The slowing down of the global economic
activity has caused a sharp decline in the
growth of world trade.
• The global economic slowdown and
consequential decline in the growth of world
trade has also depressed the international
commodity prices.
5. • The current account deficit stood at $ 3,394
million during July-April 2011-12.
• The trade deficit expanded mainly due to the
14.5 percent growth in imports and the 0.1
percent increase in exports.
6. Worker’s remittances
• Remittances to Pakistan witnessed a strong
growth of 25.8 percent in 2011 over previous
year. Pakistan has become the fifth largest
remittances recipient developing country in
2011.
7. CONT…
• Pakistan Remittances Initiative (PRI) has taken
a number of steps to enhance the flow of
remittances through formal channels
8. Financial account
• The financial account posted a surplus of $
1,200 million during July-April 2011-12.
• During the period July-April 2011-12, Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) declined by 48.3
percent.
9. CONT…
• The fall in FDI in Pakistan appears to be the
result of factors such as energy crises and
circular debt.
10. Foreign Exchange Reserves
• In current fiscal year 2011-12, Pakistan’s
foreign exchange reserves reached by $ 16.49
billion at the end-April 2012 compared to $
17.05 billion in corresponding period last year.
• This was mainly due to current account deficit
and repayment of $ 400 million to the IMF.
11. Exchange Rate
The Pak Rupee depreciated by 3.4 percent during
July-April 2011-12 due to the widening current
account deficit and speculations on account of
the repayment of IMF loan during the period.
12. Real Effective Exchange Rates
• Conceptually, the REER is defined as the
weighted average of nominal exchange rates
adjusted for relative price differential between
the domestic and foreign countries.
13. CONT…
• Despite the depreciation against the US dollar
and other major currencies in nominal
terms, the Pakistan currency appreciated by
0.51 percent in real terms
15. Exports
• Group-wise analysis of exports growth
suggests that the exports growth suggests that
the exports of the “others manufacturers”
witnessed an impressive growth of 19.9%
during July- April 2011-12
16. • Cement exports also increased by 3.5% during
July- April 2011-12
• However, the overall increase in the “other
manufactures” group was offset to some
extend by the negative growth of carpets
(5.9%), leather garments (15.6%) and cutlery
(6.3%) during July-April 2011-12.
17. • Food Group stood at $ 3509.7 million during
July-April 2011-12 compared to $3597.6
million in the corresponding period last year.
• Wheat exports declined due to the
internationally lower demand and prices as
quantity and unit value of wheat both
witnessed a negative growth of 70.6% and
8.3%, respectively.
18. • On the other hand, fruit exports witnessed a
major increase during 2011-12; in absolute
terms fruit exports increased by $ 70.5 million
during July- April 2011-12 over the same
period last year
19. CONT…
• Textile export declined by 9.6% during July-
April 2011-12. The share of the textile sector
in overall exports declined from 55.8% in July-
April 2010-11 to 52.4% during July-April
2011-12.
20. • The Petroleum Group export receipts declined
by 29.0%.
• This declined in the petroleum group is due to
decline in quantum export as petroleum and
naphtha fell by 68.4 percent and 13.9 percent
respectively causing a decline of $ 331.0
million
21. CONT…
• The circular debt problem in the country
remained the major reason for the decline in
the petroleum group exports during July-April
2011- 12. Moreover, the share of the petroleum
group also declined by 1.50 percentage
25. Concentration of Export
The major share of Pakistan’s export is still
concentrated in a few items with only three items
(cotton manufactures, leather and rice) making
up 61.0 percent of total exports during July-
March 2011-12.
27. Direction of Exports
Pakistan has witnessed some geographical
diversification in exports. During 2005-06, 47.2
percent of the country’s exports were
concentrated in Five Markets
(USA, UK, Germany, Hong Kong and U.A.E.) of
the world and remaining share of all other
countries was 52.8 percent.
31. Imports
• Structure of imports indicate that food group
imports accounted a negative growth rate of
1.7 percent during July-April 2011-12.
• Within food imports, the major contribution
came from sugar as its import bill declined due
improved production of sugarcane
domestically.
32. • The import bill for edible oil increased by
16.5% due increase in the quantity imported
and per unit value.
• The import bill of tea also increased by 4.8%.
• The import of petroleum group products grew
by 43.5% due to higher international oil prices.
33. • The import of consumer durables increased
due to road motor vehicles and electric
machinery and appliances.
• Moreover, SKD and CKD category of vehicles
also increased mainly due to fall in duties on
automobiles.
34. • Telecom imports increased by 22.9% due to
increased availability of cheaper mobile
phones in the country.
• The machinery group imports decreased
including textile machinery due to fall in
external demand and energy crisis.
35. • On the other hand, power generating and
construction machinery items grew positively.
• Import of raw material group increased by
7.4% but import of cotton declined due
increase in crop domestically.
• The import of fertilizers increased due to fall
in domestic production.
36. Measures regarding imports and
exports
• In July 2009, the Federal Cabinet approved
complete zero-rating of exports,
• Incentives have been given to boost exports.
• Through active trade diplomacy, government is
trying to get better market access for local
business.
37. • TDAP is undertaking various export
promotional activities like exhibitions and
delegations.