The document lists 8 towns in Karimnagar District, Telangana, India where recent drive test plots were conducted: Circila, Huzurabad, Jagatiyal, Jammikunta, Korutla, Ramagundam, Vemulwada, and Karimnagar.
This document provides guidance on optimizing the TCH call drop rate KPI in GSM networks. It defines the TCH call drop rate and recommends formulas for calculating it. It then discusses factors that can affect the TCH call drop rate, such as hardware failures, transmission problems, parameter settings, interference, coverage issues, and antenna problems. The document provides detailed steps for analyzing high TCH call drop rates, including checking hardware, transmissions, software versions, parameter settings, interference, coverage, antenna systems, uplink/downlink balance, and repeaters. It also includes several case studies and recommendations for optimization.
This document discusses radio link control options for frequency hopping networks. It examines frequency hopping, power control, and discontinuous transmission and how they can increase capacity by reducing interference. It analyzes their performance in both idealized homogeneous networks and more realistic inhomogeneous networks through system-level simulations. The simulations show that maximum capacity is achieved either through a reuse of 4 with random frequency hopping for good carrier-to-interference ratio and interference diversity, or reuse of 1x1 with management of the mobile allocation index offset for maximum interference diversity, depending on the available spectrum.
The document provides an introduction to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) digital cellular network. It describes that GSM networks use digital technology and operate across international boundaries in a consistent manner. It then discusses key aspects of GSM including its frequencies, features, network components, and how frequency reuse allows for increased call capacity.
This document provides an overview and optimization guidance for reducing the SDCCH call drop rate in GSM networks. It defines SDCCH call drop rate, lists factors that can affect it such as hardware failures, interference and parameter settings, and provides an analysis process and solutions to address a high SDCCH call drop rate. The solutions involve checking for issues with hardware, transmissions, software versions, parameter settings, interference, coverage, antenna systems and uplink/downlink imbalance. The document also includes examples of optimizing SDCCH call drop rate in specific cases.
This document provides an overview of SDCCH congestion rate in GSM networks, including its definition, measurement points, contributing factors, and optimization methods. It defines SDCCH congestion rate as the ratio of failed SDCCH seizures due to busy SDCCH channels to total SDCCH requests. The document then outlines several potential causes of high SDCCH congestion rate, such as hardware faults, insufficient signaling resources, improper data configuration, and interference. Finally, it proposes a procedure for analyzing SDCCH congestion that involves checking hardware, channel configuration, data configuration, and the Um interface quality.
The document provides an overview, definitions, and recommended formulas for calculating the TCH call drop rate KPI. It describes the key signaling procedures and measurement points for analyzing call drops. Furthermore, it discusses nine major factors that can affect the TCH call drop rate, such as hardware failures, transmission problems, parameter settings, interference, coverage issues, and antenna system problems. The document also provides solutions and case studies for optimizing the TCH call drop rate.
The document describes KPI counters related to KPI Measurement per Cell. It provides definitions and measurement points for counters that measure SDCCH and TCH channel requests, assignments, seizures, drops, and traffic for both signaling and traffic channels on a per cell basis. The counters provide information on channel availability and utilization to monitor the KPI of cells in the BSC.
This document provides a method for optimizing the handover success rate (HOSR) on GSM BSS networks. It analyzes factors that affect HOSR, such as hardware failures, configuration issues, interference and coverage problems. The document describes processes for locating HOSR problems and provides optimization methods, including automatic neighboring cell configuration. Case studies demonstrate issues such as failed handovers due to incorrect BSIC decoding or timer configuration. Logs and traffic data are sources for analyzing HOSR performance.
This document provides guidance on optimizing the TCH call drop rate KPI in GSM networks. It defines the TCH call drop rate and recommends formulas for calculating it. It then discusses factors that can affect the TCH call drop rate, such as hardware failures, transmission problems, parameter settings, interference, coverage issues, and antenna problems. The document provides detailed steps for analyzing high TCH call drop rates, including checking hardware, transmissions, software versions, parameter settings, interference, coverage, antenna systems, uplink/downlink balance, and repeaters. It also includes several case studies and recommendations for optimization.
This document discusses radio link control options for frequency hopping networks. It examines frequency hopping, power control, and discontinuous transmission and how they can increase capacity by reducing interference. It analyzes their performance in both idealized homogeneous networks and more realistic inhomogeneous networks through system-level simulations. The simulations show that maximum capacity is achieved either through a reuse of 4 with random frequency hopping for good carrier-to-interference ratio and interference diversity, or reuse of 1x1 with management of the mobile allocation index offset for maximum interference diversity, depending on the available spectrum.
The document provides an introduction to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) digital cellular network. It describes that GSM networks use digital technology and operate across international boundaries in a consistent manner. It then discusses key aspects of GSM including its frequencies, features, network components, and how frequency reuse allows for increased call capacity.
This document provides an overview and optimization guidance for reducing the SDCCH call drop rate in GSM networks. It defines SDCCH call drop rate, lists factors that can affect it such as hardware failures, interference and parameter settings, and provides an analysis process and solutions to address a high SDCCH call drop rate. The solutions involve checking for issues with hardware, transmissions, software versions, parameter settings, interference, coverage, antenna systems and uplink/downlink imbalance. The document also includes examples of optimizing SDCCH call drop rate in specific cases.
This document provides an overview of SDCCH congestion rate in GSM networks, including its definition, measurement points, contributing factors, and optimization methods. It defines SDCCH congestion rate as the ratio of failed SDCCH seizures due to busy SDCCH channels to total SDCCH requests. The document then outlines several potential causes of high SDCCH congestion rate, such as hardware faults, insufficient signaling resources, improper data configuration, and interference. Finally, it proposes a procedure for analyzing SDCCH congestion that involves checking hardware, channel configuration, data configuration, and the Um interface quality.
The document provides an overview, definitions, and recommended formulas for calculating the TCH call drop rate KPI. It describes the key signaling procedures and measurement points for analyzing call drops. Furthermore, it discusses nine major factors that can affect the TCH call drop rate, such as hardware failures, transmission problems, parameter settings, interference, coverage issues, and antenna system problems. The document also provides solutions and case studies for optimizing the TCH call drop rate.
The document describes KPI counters related to KPI Measurement per Cell. It provides definitions and measurement points for counters that measure SDCCH and TCH channel requests, assignments, seizures, drops, and traffic for both signaling and traffic channels on a per cell basis. The counters provide information on channel availability and utilization to monitor the KPI of cells in the BSC.
This document provides a method for optimizing the handover success rate (HOSR) on GSM BSS networks. It analyzes factors that affect HOSR, such as hardware failures, configuration issues, interference and coverage problems. The document describes processes for locating HOSR problems and provides optimization methods, including automatic neighboring cell configuration. Case studies demonstrate issues such as failed handovers due to incorrect BSIC decoding or timer configuration. Logs and traffic data are sources for analyzing HOSR performance.
The document provides an overview of GSM RF interview questions and answers. It covers topics such as the three services offered by GSM (teleservices, bearer services, and supplementary services), spectrum allocation for GSM-900 and DCS-1800, carrier frequencies and separation, ciphering and authentication algorithms, equalization, interleaving, speech coding, channel coding, frequency reuse, cell splitting, interfaces (Um, Abis, A), LAPD and LAPDm, WPS, MA, MAIO, frequency hopping types, DTX, DRX, gross data rate, Erlangs and grade of service, coverage differences between GSM900 and DCS1800, time advance, location area and location update
Full rate => Used for speech at 13 Kbits/s
or sending data at 9.6 Kbits/s
Half rate => Used for speech at 6.5 Kbits/s
or sending data at 4.8 Kbits/s
Enhanced Full rate => Used for speech at 13 Kbits/s
or sending data at 9.6 Kbits/s but
with almost Land line quality
FCCH = FREQUENCY CORRECTION CHANNEL
=> To tell the Mobile that this is the BCCH carrier
=> To able the Mobile to synchronize to the frequency
(Downlink only)
SCH = SYNCHRONISATION CHANNEL
=> Used for sending BSIC (Base station Identity Code)
=> Give TDMA frame number to the Mobile.
(Downlink only)
BCCH = BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL
=> Used for sending information to the mobile like
CGI (Cell Global identity), LAI (Location Area Identity),
BCCH carriers of the neighboring cells,
maximum output power allowed in the cell and other
broadcast messages like barred cell. (Downlink only)
PCH = PAGING CHANNEL
=> Used for paging the Mobile. (Downlink only)
Reason could be an incoming call or an incoming Short Message.
RACH = RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL
=> Used for responding to the paging (terminating), Location updating
or to make call access (originating) by asking for a signaling channel.
(Uplink only)
AGCH = ACCESS GRANT CHANNEL
=> Used to allocate SDCCH to the mobile.
(Downlink only)
The document discusses various logical channels used in GSM networks such as broadcast control channel (BCCH), common control channels (CCCH), dedicated control channels (DCCH), and traffic channels (TCH). It describes the purpose and usage of different channel types including stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH), slow associated control channel (SACCH), and fast associated control channel (FACCH). The document also covers topics like burst structure, mapping of logical channels to physical channels, and usage of SDCCH in GSM networks.
RF optimisation aims to identify and resolve potential faults in the network before they affect performance through activities like pre-launch optimisation, continuous optimisation, and swap management. Key aspects of optimisation include drive testing, parameter tuning, antenna adjustments, and monitoring KPIs to maintain network quality. GTL provides end-to-end optimisation services both on-site and through a virtual optimisation centre with remote analytics, tools, and concentrated RF expertise.
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Physical channel - Each timeslot on a carrier is referred to as a physical channel. Per carrier there are 8 physical channels.
Logical channel - Variety of information is transmitted between the MS and BTS. There are different logical channels depending on the information sent. The logical channels are of two types
Traffic channel
Control channel
BCH Channels
BCCH( Broadcast Control Channel )
Downlink only
Broadcasts general information of the serving cell called System Information
BCCH is transmitted on timeslot zero of BCCH carrier
Read only by idle mobile at least once every 30 secs.
SCH( Synchronisation Channel )
Downlink only
Carries information for frame synchronisation. Contains TDMA frame number and BSIC.
FCCH( Frequency Correction Channel )
Downlink only.
Enables MS to synchronise to the frequency.
Also helps mobiles of the ncells to locate TS 0 of BCCH carrier.
RACH( Random Access Channel )
Uplink only
Used by the MS to access the Network.
AGCH( Access Grant Channel )
Downlink only
Used by the network to assign a signalling channel upon successfull decoding of access bursts.
PCH( Paging Channel )
Downlink only.
Used by the Network to contact the MS.
This document provides guidelines for key performance indicators (KPI) for optimizing GSM networks. It lists important downlink parameters to measure such as RX_LEV, RX_QUAL, C/I, and timing advance. It describes how to calculate thresholds for design, prediction, and measurement of cell coverage based on these parameters. The thresholds take into account factors like handover margin, prediction error, and indoor/outdoor environments. The document aims to help technicians identify radio problems and optimize network performance through analysis of KPI measurements.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 3G radio networks. It provides an overview of important KPIs such as call setup success rate, call drop rate, and data throughput. It describes methods for measuring KPIs including drive testing, stationary testing, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses how to optimize radio networks by adjusting parameters and resolving issues to improve KPIs like accessibility, retainability, and service integrity. Case studies demonstrate analyzing and troubleshooting KPI issues.
This document provides an overview of analyzing and troubleshooting SDCCH drop rate issues. It describes the SDCCH channel and how it is used, defines the KPI formula for calculating SDCCH drop rate, lists the counters involved in the KPI, and presents a flow chart of the SDCCH assignment process. Tools that can be used for the analysis are also identified, including Business Objects, MCOM, ZXG10 OMCR, and TEMS Investigation.
The document provides an overview of GSM RF interview questions and answers. It covers topics such as the three services offered by GSM (teleservices, bearer services, and supplementary services), spectrum allocation for GSM-900 and DCS-1800, carrier frequencies and separation, ciphering and authentication algorithms, equalization, interleaving, speech coding, channel coding, frequency reuse, cell splitting, interfaces (Um, Abis, A), LAPD and LAPDm, WPS, MA, MAIO, frequency hopping types, DTX, DRX, gross data rate, Erlangs and grade of service, coverage differences between GSM900 and DCS1800, time advance, location area and location update
Full rate => Used for speech at 13 Kbits/s
or sending data at 9.6 Kbits/s
Half rate => Used for speech at 6.5 Kbits/s
or sending data at 4.8 Kbits/s
Enhanced Full rate => Used for speech at 13 Kbits/s
or sending data at 9.6 Kbits/s but
with almost Land line quality
FCCH = FREQUENCY CORRECTION CHANNEL
=> To tell the Mobile that this is the BCCH carrier
=> To able the Mobile to synchronize to the frequency
(Downlink only)
SCH = SYNCHRONISATION CHANNEL
=> Used for sending BSIC (Base station Identity Code)
=> Give TDMA frame number to the Mobile.
(Downlink only)
BCCH = BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL
=> Used for sending information to the mobile like
CGI (Cell Global identity), LAI (Location Area Identity),
BCCH carriers of the neighboring cells,
maximum output power allowed in the cell and other
broadcast messages like barred cell. (Downlink only)
PCH = PAGING CHANNEL
=> Used for paging the Mobile. (Downlink only)
Reason could be an incoming call or an incoming Short Message.
RACH = RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL
=> Used for responding to the paging (terminating), Location updating
or to make call access (originating) by asking for a signaling channel.
(Uplink only)
AGCH = ACCESS GRANT CHANNEL
=> Used to allocate SDCCH to the mobile.
(Downlink only)
The document discusses various logical channels used in GSM networks such as broadcast control channel (BCCH), common control channels (CCCH), dedicated control channels (DCCH), and traffic channels (TCH). It describes the purpose and usage of different channel types including stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH), slow associated control channel (SACCH), and fast associated control channel (FACCH). The document also covers topics like burst structure, mapping of logical channels to physical channels, and usage of SDCCH in GSM networks.
RF optimisation aims to identify and resolve potential faults in the network before they affect performance through activities like pre-launch optimisation, continuous optimisation, and swap management. Key aspects of optimisation include drive testing, parameter tuning, antenna adjustments, and monitoring KPIs to maintain network quality. GTL provides end-to-end optimisation services both on-site and through a virtual optimisation centre with remote analytics, tools, and concentrated RF expertise.
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Physical channel - Each timeslot on a carrier is referred to as a physical channel. Per carrier there are 8 physical channels.
Logical channel - Variety of information is transmitted between the MS and BTS. There are different logical channels depending on the information sent. The logical channels are of two types
Traffic channel
Control channel
BCH Channels
BCCH( Broadcast Control Channel )
Downlink only
Broadcasts general information of the serving cell called System Information
BCCH is transmitted on timeslot zero of BCCH carrier
Read only by idle mobile at least once every 30 secs.
SCH( Synchronisation Channel )
Downlink only
Carries information for frame synchronisation. Contains TDMA frame number and BSIC.
FCCH( Frequency Correction Channel )
Downlink only.
Enables MS to synchronise to the frequency.
Also helps mobiles of the ncells to locate TS 0 of BCCH carrier.
RACH( Random Access Channel )
Uplink only
Used by the MS to access the Network.
AGCH( Access Grant Channel )
Downlink only
Used by the network to assign a signalling channel upon successfull decoding of access bursts.
PCH( Paging Channel )
Downlink only.
Used by the Network to contact the MS.
This document provides guidelines for key performance indicators (KPI) for optimizing GSM networks. It lists important downlink parameters to measure such as RX_LEV, RX_QUAL, C/I, and timing advance. It describes how to calculate thresholds for design, prediction, and measurement of cell coverage based on these parameters. The thresholds take into account factors like handover margin, prediction error, and indoor/outdoor environments. The document aims to help technicians identify radio problems and optimize network performance through analysis of KPI measurements.
The document discusses key performance indicators (KPIs) for 3G radio networks. It provides an overview of important KPIs such as call setup success rate, call drop rate, and data throughput. It describes methods for measuring KPIs including drive testing, stationary testing, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses how to optimize radio networks by adjusting parameters and resolving issues to improve KPIs like accessibility, retainability, and service integrity. Case studies demonstrate analyzing and troubleshooting KPI issues.
This document provides an overview of analyzing and troubleshooting SDCCH drop rate issues. It describes the SDCCH channel and how it is used, defines the KPI formula for calculating SDCCH drop rate, lists the counters involved in the KPI, and presents a flow chart of the SDCCH assignment process. Tools that can be used for the analysis are also identified, including Business Objects, MCOM, ZXG10 OMCR, and TEMS Investigation.