The Adaptability of Populist Discourse: Greece and Finland in ComparisonTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document compares populist discourse in Greece and Finland in response to the 2008 financial crisis. It finds that while both construct "the people" in opposition to corrupt elites, there are differences in how the enemies are framed. In Greece, the political elite are accused of being lackeys and enemies include "German austerity fascists." In Finland, enemies include the domestic political elite as well as European and global banking elites. However, the populist discourse in Greece features stronger moral condemnation and conspiracy narratives against enemies. Overall, the document finds populist discourse can adapt across cultures while maintaining a simplistic worldview of good vs. evil.
Tiedonhankinta- ja osallistumisnäkökulman sijaan ”tiedonluomisnäkökulma”
oppimiseen. Vuorovaikutus työstettävien kohteiden ja tuotosten kehittämisen kautta, ei vain ihmisten välinen vuorovaikutus (“dialogisuus”) tai ihmisen mielen
prosessit (“monologisuus”)
Triadinen rakenne: kehitettävä kohde välittää yksilöiden (1.)
vuorovaikutusta toisten kehittäjien kanssa (2.) siten että kohde tarkoitettu
ja muokattu jatkokäyttöön ja –käyttäjille (3.)
The Adaptability of Populist Discourse: Greece and Finland in ComparisonTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document compares populist discourse in Greece and Finland in response to the 2008 financial crisis. It finds that while both construct "the people" in opposition to corrupt elites, there are differences in how the enemies are framed. In Greece, the political elite are accused of being lackeys and enemies include "German austerity fascists." In Finland, enemies include the domestic political elite as well as European and global banking elites. However, the populist discourse in Greece features stronger moral condemnation and conspiracy narratives against enemies. Overall, the document finds populist discourse can adapt across cultures while maintaining a simplistic worldview of good vs. evil.
Tiedonhankinta- ja osallistumisnäkökulman sijaan ”tiedonluomisnäkökulma”
oppimiseen. Vuorovaikutus työstettävien kohteiden ja tuotosten kehittämisen kautta, ei vain ihmisten välinen vuorovaikutus (“dialogisuus”) tai ihmisen mielen
prosessit (“monologisuus”)
Triadinen rakenne: kehitettävä kohde välittää yksilöiden (1.)
vuorovaikutusta toisten kehittäjien kanssa (2.) siten että kohde tarkoitettu
ja muokattu jatkokäyttöön ja –käyttäjille (3.)
Tuukka Ylä-Anttila discusses combining qualitative and quantitative methods when studying political discourse and justification frames. He argues that moving between close, interpretive analysis of small datasets and distant analysis of large datasets allows researchers to develop theories and test them more systematically. Ylä-Anttila applies this approach in his own work on Finnish populism, using techniques like topic modeling and justification network analysis. He emphasizes that both inductive and deductive reasoning are needed to understand political meanings and cultural phenomena at different levels of granularity.
Familiarity as a Tool of Populism and the Case of SuvivirsiTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses how familiarity can be used as a tool of populism. It analyzes a debate in Finland over singing the hymn "Suvivirsi" in schools. Politicians defending the hymn appealed to feelings of familiarity and nostalgia rather than abstract values. This demands that personal emotions be accepted as political justification. By bridging private feelings and political identity through a shared familiar experience, populists can present themselves as representing ordinary people rather than distant elites. However, claims of familiarity tend to be exclusionary toward those without the shared experience.
Right-Wing Populist Parties and the Politicization of ResentmentTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document summarizes research on right-wing populist parties and their politicization of resentment. It discusses debates around defining populism and examines explanations for the success of right-wing populism. While demand and supply-side factors alone can't fully explain populism's rise, the document argues a combination is most accurate. Specifically, feelings of loss of relative social and economic status among the white working class have increased the resonance of right-wing populist messaging exploiting resentment over perceived threats to traditional ways of life from immigration and liberal elites.
Knowledge, Counterknowledge and Conspiracy in Populist ArgumentationTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Presentation at ECPR 2017, panel "Misinformation, Post-truth and Alternative Facts. The End of Voters’ Competence?", section "Are Anti-Politics and Post-Truth the New Face of Political Communication?"
Finnish populism has been studied from 1959 to 2017, focusing on three key periods. The first period was from 1959-1995 under Veikko Vennamo and the Finnish Rural Party, representing agrarian anti-modernization populism. The second period from 1995-2017 was led by Timo Soini and the True Finns party, which shifted towards right-wing populism. The current period since 2017 has seen Jussi Halla-aho lead the party with an anti-immigration, anti-Islam agenda. Populism is analyzed as a political practice using tools like othering elites, invoking emotional belonging, and valorizing folk wisdom, as seen in Finnish populism and its response to
Populism and Familiarity: Political Appropriation of Suvivirsi, the Summer HymnTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Populist argumentation claims to represent ‘the people’ against ‘the elite’, appealing to emotions and reacting to a sense of crisis. By analysing a public debate in Finland, where populist arguments appropriate a culturally shared, familiar experience – that of singing Suvivirsi, the Summer Hymn – I argue that evoking familiarity is an effective way of ‘doing populism’. Analysing media texts from 2002 to 2014 and a questionnaire to political candidates in 2011 – when the right-wing populist (True) Finns Party broke through – using Laurent Thévenot’s sociology of engagements, I show that appeals to the familiarity of the hymn are particularly compatible with the populist valorization of the experience of the common people. In other words, familiarity is a central tool in the toolkit of populism. Remembering the shared experience of singing the hymn bonds the assumed 'people' together and gives an emotional charge for populist arguments. The article applies pragmatist political sociology, studying politics 'in action' in ordinary citizens' daily lives, to the analysis of populism – largely absent from previous, extensive populism studies.
Using Topic Modeling to Study Everyday "Civic Talk" and Proto-political Engag...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
We present a two-step topic modeling method of analysing political articulations in everyday proto-political "civic talk" on online social media and interpreting them in terms of cultural and political sociology.
Populism as Politics of Personal Experience: The Case of SuvivirsiTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses the concept of populism in Finnish politics through the case study of "Suvivirsi", a Finnish Christian hymn traditionally sung in schools. It outlines theories of populism, public justification, and familiarity/commonplaces. In Finnish politics, issues are usually debated through principles of public justification and rationality. However, Suvivirsi appeals to notions of shared cultural heritage and experience among the Finnish people. While broadening what is politically acceptable, its use can also work to exclude immigrants. The document examines how theories of familiarity and justification can help understand the lack of civic engagement in politics and the rise of populism in appealing to people on a personal level.
A Sociological Framework for the Analysis of Populism via Laurent Thévenot’s ...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses using Laurent Thévenot's framework of public justification, liberal individuals, and personal affinities to analyze populism. It provides examples of different types of populism, such as agrarian populism and contemporary right-wing populism, and how they relate to Thévenot's grammars. The document aims to detach populist argumentative mechanisms from their specific usages to reveal the underlying conceptions of democracy.
Exploiting the Discursive Opportunity of the Euro Crisis: The Rise of The Fin...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
The document analyzes the rise of the Finns Party in Finnish elections from 2007 to 2011. It summarizes the party's three-fold ideology of populism, social justice, and nationalism and how each aspect evolved over this period. During the 2011 election campaign, the Finns Party amplified its nationalist messaging by strongly opposing the Euro currency and increasing immigration. The Euro crisis provided an opportunity for the party to gain success by linking its ideological transformation more firmly to nationalism and criticism of Southern European countries.
ESA Torino 2013: What is Finnish about The Finns Party? Political Culture and...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
1) The document discusses the rise of the Finns Party in Finnish politics. It notes that the Finns Party broke through in 2011, becoming the third largest party after decades of the Centre, Social Democratic, and Conservative parties dominating as the "Big Three".
2) It examines the Finnish political culture and the legacy of the Finns Party's predecessor party, the Finnish Rural Party, in shaping populism in Finland. Specifically, it notes Finland's culture of consensus and emphasis on rationality has provided fertile ground for a populist uprising.
3) The document analyzes differences between the Finns Party and other European populist radical right parties, finding the Finns Party inherits influences from rural populism and emphasizes
Populismi suomalaisen poliittisen kulttuurin kontekstissaTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Pyrkimyksiä tulkita perussuomalaisten puolueen jakautumista kaupunkiin ja maaseutuun sekä käsitteellistää populismia Laurent Thévenot'n teorian pohjalta. Esitelty Populismi liikkeenä ja retoriikkana -projektille Jyväskylän yliopistossa 11.1.2013
What is Finnish about the Finns Party? Political Culture and PopulismTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This presents, in a simplified and condensed form, my argument about the differences between rural and urban Finns Party candidates and shows the party in the context of a particularly Finnish political culture, analyzed via Laurent Thévenot's justification theory. Presentation based on my Master's dissertation. Presented 18th December 2012 in a seminar "On Populism and Politics" by the Finnish Political Science Association.
Tuukka Ylä-Anttila discusses combining qualitative and quantitative methods when studying political discourse and justification frames. He argues that moving between close, interpretive analysis of small datasets and distant analysis of large datasets allows researchers to develop theories and test them more systematically. Ylä-Anttila applies this approach in his own work on Finnish populism, using techniques like topic modeling and justification network analysis. He emphasizes that both inductive and deductive reasoning are needed to understand political meanings and cultural phenomena at different levels of granularity.
Familiarity as a Tool of Populism and the Case of SuvivirsiTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses how familiarity can be used as a tool of populism. It analyzes a debate in Finland over singing the hymn "Suvivirsi" in schools. Politicians defending the hymn appealed to feelings of familiarity and nostalgia rather than abstract values. This demands that personal emotions be accepted as political justification. By bridging private feelings and political identity through a shared familiar experience, populists can present themselves as representing ordinary people rather than distant elites. However, claims of familiarity tend to be exclusionary toward those without the shared experience.
Right-Wing Populist Parties and the Politicization of ResentmentTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document summarizes research on right-wing populist parties and their politicization of resentment. It discusses debates around defining populism and examines explanations for the success of right-wing populism. While demand and supply-side factors alone can't fully explain populism's rise, the document argues a combination is most accurate. Specifically, feelings of loss of relative social and economic status among the white working class have increased the resonance of right-wing populist messaging exploiting resentment over perceived threats to traditional ways of life from immigration and liberal elites.
Knowledge, Counterknowledge and Conspiracy in Populist ArgumentationTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Presentation at ECPR 2017, panel "Misinformation, Post-truth and Alternative Facts. The End of Voters’ Competence?", section "Are Anti-Politics and Post-Truth the New Face of Political Communication?"
Finnish populism has been studied from 1959 to 2017, focusing on three key periods. The first period was from 1959-1995 under Veikko Vennamo and the Finnish Rural Party, representing agrarian anti-modernization populism. The second period from 1995-2017 was led by Timo Soini and the True Finns party, which shifted towards right-wing populism. The current period since 2017 has seen Jussi Halla-aho lead the party with an anti-immigration, anti-Islam agenda. Populism is analyzed as a political practice using tools like othering elites, invoking emotional belonging, and valorizing folk wisdom, as seen in Finnish populism and its response to
Populism and Familiarity: Political Appropriation of Suvivirsi, the Summer HymnTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Populist argumentation claims to represent ‘the people’ against ‘the elite’, appealing to emotions and reacting to a sense of crisis. By analysing a public debate in Finland, where populist arguments appropriate a culturally shared, familiar experience – that of singing Suvivirsi, the Summer Hymn – I argue that evoking familiarity is an effective way of ‘doing populism’. Analysing media texts from 2002 to 2014 and a questionnaire to political candidates in 2011 – when the right-wing populist (True) Finns Party broke through – using Laurent Thévenot’s sociology of engagements, I show that appeals to the familiarity of the hymn are particularly compatible with the populist valorization of the experience of the common people. In other words, familiarity is a central tool in the toolkit of populism. Remembering the shared experience of singing the hymn bonds the assumed 'people' together and gives an emotional charge for populist arguments. The article applies pragmatist political sociology, studying politics 'in action' in ordinary citizens' daily lives, to the analysis of populism – largely absent from previous, extensive populism studies.
Using Topic Modeling to Study Everyday "Civic Talk" and Proto-political Engag...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
We present a two-step topic modeling method of analysing political articulations in everyday proto-political "civic talk" on online social media and interpreting them in terms of cultural and political sociology.
Populism as Politics of Personal Experience: The Case of SuvivirsiTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses the concept of populism in Finnish politics through the case study of "Suvivirsi", a Finnish Christian hymn traditionally sung in schools. It outlines theories of populism, public justification, and familiarity/commonplaces. In Finnish politics, issues are usually debated through principles of public justification and rationality. However, Suvivirsi appeals to notions of shared cultural heritage and experience among the Finnish people. While broadening what is politically acceptable, its use can also work to exclude immigrants. The document examines how theories of familiarity and justification can help understand the lack of civic engagement in politics and the rise of populism in appealing to people on a personal level.
A Sociological Framework for the Analysis of Populism via Laurent Thévenot’s ...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document discusses using Laurent Thévenot's framework of public justification, liberal individuals, and personal affinities to analyze populism. It provides examples of different types of populism, such as agrarian populism and contemporary right-wing populism, and how they relate to Thévenot's grammars. The document aims to detach populist argumentative mechanisms from their specific usages to reveal the underlying conceptions of democracy.
Exploiting the Discursive Opportunity of the Euro Crisis: The Rise of The Fin...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
The document analyzes the rise of the Finns Party in Finnish elections from 2007 to 2011. It summarizes the party's three-fold ideology of populism, social justice, and nationalism and how each aspect evolved over this period. During the 2011 election campaign, the Finns Party amplified its nationalist messaging by strongly opposing the Euro currency and increasing immigration. The Euro crisis provided an opportunity for the party to gain success by linking its ideological transformation more firmly to nationalism and criticism of Southern European countries.
ESA Torino 2013: What is Finnish about The Finns Party? Political Culture and...Tuukka Ylä-Anttila
1) The document discusses the rise of the Finns Party in Finnish politics. It notes that the Finns Party broke through in 2011, becoming the third largest party after decades of the Centre, Social Democratic, and Conservative parties dominating as the "Big Three".
2) It examines the Finnish political culture and the legacy of the Finns Party's predecessor party, the Finnish Rural Party, in shaping populism in Finland. Specifically, it notes Finland's culture of consensus and emphasis on rationality has provided fertile ground for a populist uprising.
3) The document analyzes differences between the Finns Party and other European populist radical right parties, finding the Finns Party inherits influences from rural populism and emphasizes
Populismi suomalaisen poliittisen kulttuurin kontekstissaTuukka Ylä-Anttila
Pyrkimyksiä tulkita perussuomalaisten puolueen jakautumista kaupunkiin ja maaseutuun sekä käsitteellistää populismia Laurent Thévenot'n teorian pohjalta. Esitelty Populismi liikkeenä ja retoriikkana -projektille Jyväskylän yliopistossa 11.1.2013
What is Finnish about the Finns Party? Political Culture and PopulismTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This presents, in a simplified and condensed form, my argument about the differences between rural and urban Finns Party candidates and shows the party in the context of a particularly Finnish political culture, analyzed via Laurent Thévenot's justification theory. Presentation based on my Master's dissertation. Presented 18th December 2012 in a seminar "On Populism and Politics" by the Finnish Political Science Association.
5. Topic modeling ja sosiologia
• Sanaklusterit tulkitaan yleensä ”aiheiksi”, mutta jos
tutkitaan sosiaalisesti vakiintuneita tapoja puhua
jostain (diskurssi, kehys), niin...
• Bail, 2014; DiMaggio, Nag & Blei, 2013: topicit
tulkittavissa ”kehyksiksi”
• 3 kokeilua
6.
7. 1: ”Topic Modeling the Global Climate Policy
Debate” (Eranti, Kukkonen & Ylä-Anttila 2015)
• New York Times & The Hindu hakusanalla “climate
change” or “global warming” ilmastoneuvottelujen
aikaan 1997, 2009 ja 2011
• 677 käsin koodattua ”vaadetta”, joista koodattu
puhujaryhmä (expert, govt, NGO)
• Puhuvatko asiantuntijat, hallitukset ja
kansalaisjärjestöt eri tavalla ilmastonmuutoksesta?
Puhutaanko USA:ssa ja Intiassa eri tavoin?
• Aineisto MALLETiin niin, että yksi vaade oli yksi
tiedosto, nimetty esim. nyt_expert132.txt,
tiedostoja muutama tuhat
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14. 2: Suomi24-kokeilu
• ”Esi-” tai ”protopoliittinen puhe”: mitä ja miten
arkisia huolenaiheita politisoidaan?
• (Chantal Mouffe, Peter Dahlgren,
Iris Marion Young, Kari Palonen...)
• Demokraattisen kulttuurin jäljet näkyvät
politisaation reunaehdoissa
• Miten löytää nettikeskusteluista politisaation
paikkoja, siis ”esipoliittista”, ja analysoida sitä?
• Aineiston ”tislaaminen”?
15. ”Mitä saa, jos heittää LDA:lle kasan lajittelematonta Suomi24-aineistoa?”
16. Mitä jos äskeistä karkeaa mallia käyttäisi esipoliittisen puheen
etsimiseen, ja sitten jatkomallintaisi sitä aineiston osaa?
20. Topic modeling sosiologin työkaluna:
alustavia havaintoja
• Aineiston tunteminen ja teoreettinen tulkinta
• Pitää osata kysyä oikeita kysymyksiä ja arvioida tuloksia
• Kvalitatiivisten menetelmien hyödyntäminen
• Luokittelut, ”tislaaminen”
• Käsityötä on suht paljon
• Näissä käytetty bash- ja Python-skriptejä BeautifulSoup-kirjastolla, Exceliä, wgetiä,
MALLETia ja FinnPos-lemmatisoijaa, joita kaikkia piti opetella käyttämään
• Algoritmi ”black box”
• Kuinka hyvin tutkijan täytyy tuntea käyttämänsä algoritmi?
• Puuttuu menetelmällinen konsensus joten pitää mennä ad hoc
• Miten määritellään ja sitten operationalisoidaan vaikka ”kehys”?
• Miten validoidaan että löydetty ”topic” on (tietty) ”kehys”?
• Tutkimusasetelmat, joissa tästä käpistelystä
on muutakin kuin kuriositeettihyötyä
• ”Digitalisaation” vaikutus maailmaan jota tutkitaan vs. tutkimusmenetelmiin – molemmat!