This document defines packet switching and discusses several packet switching technologies. It begins by defining packet switching as dividing messages into packets that can follow different routes to the destination, where they are then recompiled. It then discusses three main packet switching technologies: TCP/IP, X.25, and Frame Relay. It provides details on each technology and notes that Frame Relay was implemented in Malaysia and replaced X.25 for connections within wide area networks.

1. Packet Switching

2. Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
• Define the term packet switching
• Identify the packet switching technologies
• Distinguish between TCP/IP, X.25 and Frame Relay technologies
• Value the frame relay technology implementation in Malaysia

3. Packet Switching
• Packet Switching refers to technologies in
which messages are divided into packets
before they are sent.
• Each packet is then transmitted individually
and can even follow different routes to its
destination
• Once all the packets forming a message arrive
at the destination, they are recompiled into
their original form

4. Packet Switching
• TCP/IP
• X.25
• Frame Relay

5. Packet Switching: TCP/IP
TCP
(Transmission
Control
Protocol)
IP (Internet
Protocol)
TCP/IP

6. Packet Switching: X.25
• X.25 is an open standard WAN technology for
packet-switching networks.
• It is one of the earliest international standards
for packet switching.
• It defines layers 1, 2, and 3 in the OSI
Reference Model

7. Packet Switching: X.25

8. Packet Switching: X.25

9. Packet Switching: Frame Relay
• Frame Relay is a packet-switching protocol for
connecting devices on a WAN.
• It operates at layer two or the Data Link layer
in the OSI model.
• It is used in applications such as LAN
interconnection, public and private wide area
networks and gradually replacing X.25

10. Packet Switching: Frame Relay

11. Packet Switching: Frame Relay

12. Packet Switching: Frame Relay

13. Packet Switching: Frame Relay

14. Packet Switching: Frame Relay
Corporate Information
Superhighway (COINS)

15. Packet Switching: Frame Relay
Corporate Information
Superhighway (COINS)

16. References
• Malaysia coins
– http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-
malaysia-coins-macro-image3253450
• Telekom Malaysia
– http://www.kltowerjump.com/sponsors.html
• Maybank
– http://www.huntlogo.com/maybank-logo/

17. The End