Tomer Brisker Red Hat - Git & Open Source

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Linus Torvalds announces that he is creating a free operating system for Intel 386/486 personal computers as a hobby project. He asks for feedback on what people like and dislike about Minix, as his new OS will resemble Minix in some ways, such as the physical layout of its file system. He provides his email for people to contact him.

Intro to Open
Source and Git
Tomer Brisker

Hello everybody out there using minix –
I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby,
won’t be big and professional like gnu) for
386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since
april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any
feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as
my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical
layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)
among other things).
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

Tux was originally made by Larry Ewing in the Gimp and re-illustrated in vector by Garrett LeSage, using Inkscape.

Twitter: @tbrisker_pro
tbrisker@redhat.com
Meetup: Open Source and Free
Software in Israel

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Tomer Brisker Red Hat - Git & Open Source

1. Intro to Open Source and Git Tomer Brisker

5. Hello everybody out there using minix – I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)

6. Tux was originally made by Larry Ewing in the Gimp and re-illustrated in vector by Garrett LeSage, using Inkscape.

7. Tux was originally made by Larry Ewing in the Gimp and re-illustrated in vector by Garrett LeSage, using Inkscape.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19. Git

20. Tree

21. Commit

22. Repository

23. Branch

24. Merge

25. Rebase

26. Remote

27. Fork / Clone

28. Push

29. Fetch/Pull

30. Pull Request

31.

32. Twitter: @tbrisker_pro tbrisker@redhat.com Meetup: Open Source and Free Software in Israel

Editor's Notes

זאת לונה, הכלבה שלי – תמיד טוב להכניס למצגות איזה תמונה חמודה קצת עלי – מפתח תוכנה ברד הט, חבר הנהלה בעמותת המקור לקידום קוד פתוח ותוכנה חופשית
סטולמן – 1983 – MIT 0. להריץ 1. לחקור ולשנות 2. להפיץ 3. להפיץ עם שינויים
GNU’s Not Unix! מערכת הפעלה שלמה GNOME, GIMP, glibc, bash, R, gzip אבל חסרה לו חתיכה מהותית
ואז הגיע סטודנט פיני עם שם מוזר שהחליט לעשות איזה פרויקט קיץ קטן ולכתוב מערכת הפעלה
היום, בערך לחצי מכם יש בכיס את התוצרת של הקהילה הזו. רוב השרתים שאתם מתחברים אליהם באינטרנט מריצים אותה. אם לינוס היה ממשיך לעבוד לבדו על מערכת ההפעלה שלו ושומר את קוד המקור לעצמו, זה כנראה היה נגמר בפרויקט חובבני של סטודנט, או מקסימום בסטארט-אפ פיני כושל. במקום זה, כמה מהחברות הגדולות בעולם משתפות פעולה סביב הפרויקט הזה כדי לאפשר את ההתפתחות המטורפת הזו, היו צריכים להתקיים שני תנאים: 1. שחרור הקוד תחת רשיון קוד פתוח (GPL במקרה הזה) 2. יצירת קהילה סביב הפרויקט אגב, אתם מצליחים לקרוא מה כתוב פה למטה? בואו אני אגדיל לכם את זה.
הסיבה שאני יכול להראות את התמונה הזו באיכות טובה על מסך ענק – גם זו תוצאה של קהילה. מישהו אחד יצר את הדמות ושחרר אותה לpublic domain. מישהו אחר לקח את זה והפך אותה לגרפיקה וקטורית, כך שיהיה אפשר להגדיל אותה בקלות. שניהם גם עשו את זה באמצעות כלים שפותחו על ידי קהילת הקוד הפתוח – gimp ו inkscape.
1997 – פרסום מאמר ESR קוד פתוח - מתודולוגית פיתוח - Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow Release early. Release often. Scratch an itch
תחילת 1998- נטסקייפ הולכת לשחרר את הקוד של הדפדפן שלה תחת רשיון חופשי. פגישות של ריימונד, ברוס פרנס, ג’ון מדדוג הול ואחרים על איך אפשר לשווק את זה. קריסטין פטרסון מציעה open source מקימים את OSI
2003- המקור – גוף משפטי וארגוני לקהילה בארץ
2005 – אותו סטודנט פיני מקודם מערכת מבוזרת לניהול גרסאות בצורה יעילה
2008 – מקל מאוד עבודה משותפת על פרויקטים
קוד פתוח זה לא רק תוכנה אגב – גם חומרה יכולה להיות פתוחה (ארדואינו), תוכן פתוח (ויוקפדיה), תכנון פתוח (זרועות מודפסות בתלת מימד) ועוד
קופילפט – אם שינת והפצת אתה חייב לשחרר את הקוד – הקוד נשאר חופשי (GPL) מתירני – רשאי לשנות ולשנות את הרשיון, לעיתים בתנאים מסוימים (MIT, BSD)
אם הקוד חופשי, איפה הכסף? שירותים מקיפים – תמיכה, ייעוץ, הסמכה, הקשחה, בדיקות, תיעוד וכו’ (RH) שירותים מנוהלים (*aas) -תמורת תשלום, אנחנו נטפל לכם בתשתית (WP, Sentry) ליבה פתוחה, מוצר אנטרפרייז/משלים בתשלום (puppet, mysql)
קהילה – הכוח של קוד פתוח ליצור תוכנות טובות יותר באמצעות שיתוף פעולה במקום תחרות
בואו נחזור קצת לגיט מי פה יודעת מה זה? מי פה משתמשת בזה? גיט – מערכת לניהול גרסאות באופן מבוזר למישהו יצא לעבוד עם מערכת אחרת כמו SVN? אני משתמש בגיט כבר בערך 7 שנים
אבל בפעם הראשונה שראיתי גיט זה נראה לי כמו סינית
אז החלטתי להכין לכם מילון סינית, סליחה, גיט, לעברית גם מי שכבר מכיר קצת, גיט זה עולם שלם, ועם כל הנסיון שלי אני עדיין לומד עוד ועוד – והבנה יותר טובה של המושגים יכולה לעזור לכולם
מי למד כבר גרפים במבני נתונים? נכון חשבתם שזה לא באמת יעזור בחיים? עץ הוא היצוג של גיט למבנה ותוכן של תיקיית קבצים
קומיט – אפשר לחשוב על זה בתור “בלוק של שינויים”, אבל בפועל קומיט הוא בסך הכל קצת טקסט ומידע נוסף, עם שני מצביעים- לקומיט שקדם לו, ולעץ של אותו קומיט. ככה אפשר להשוות בקלות את העצים בין שני קומיטים ולמצוא שינויים אגב – בגלל שכל קומיט מצביע להורה שלו, אפשר לבנות גרף של כל הקומיטים
מסתבר שהיה איזה סרט כושל ב2008, אבל למרבה הצער הוא לא עסק בגיט. רפוזיטורי זה בעצם מאגר שמנוהל ע”י גיט – כלומר, גרף של קומיטים וכל העצים שקשורים אליהם במילים אחרות – תיקייה וכל ההיסטוריה והגרסאות השונות שלה
ענף – בעצם זה בסך הכל שם שמצביע על שרשרת מסוימת של קומיטים, ומתקדם כל פעם שמוסיפים קומיט לשרשרת. זה מאפשר לנו לעבוד במקביל על כמה גרסאות שונות של ההיסטוריה – וכשמסתכלים על זה זה נראה כמו ענפים בגרף ההיסטוריה. מקובל מאוד לא לעבוד על הענף הראשי, master, אלא על ענפים צדדים שאחר כך משולבים חזרה אליו
כשאנחנו רוצים לשלב חזרה ענף צדדי לענף הראשי יש שתי שיטות לעשות את זה מיזוג בעצם יוצר קומיט חדש עם שני הורים – אחד מכל ענף
ריבייס – במקום לייצר קומיט חדש עם שני הורים, לוקחים את הענף הצדדי ו”מדביקים” אותו לענף הראשי – כלומר משנים את ההורה של הקומיט הראשון להיות הקומיט האחרון בענף הראשי
אמרנו שגיט זה מערכת ניהול גרסאות מבוזרת – אבל בנתיים דיברנו רק מקומי. בכל ריפו אפשר להגדיר remote אחד או יותר – וזה בעצם מצביע לעותק מרוחק של אותה ריפו, למשל בחשבון הגיטהאב שלכם.
אלו בעצם מושגים מאוד קרובים – בעצם מדובר ביצירת עותק נוסף של ריפו, כדי שיהיה אפשר לעבוד איתו ברימוט. בעבודה בגיטהאב למשל מאוד מקובל ליצור פורק אישי של פרויקט שאתם רוצים לתרום לו ולעבוד מולו, במקום מול הריפו הראשי של הפרויקט.
לדחוף – כשאני רוצה לשלוח שינויים מהריפו המקומי שלי לרימוט
למשך שינויים מרימוט לריפו המקומי שלי – ההבדל בין המושגים הוא ש fetch רק מביא את השינויים לריפו המקומי, וpull מישם אותם באמצעות merge לענף הנוכחי.
השדרוג הרציני שגיטהאב הכניסו לעולם של גיט – אני יכול דרך הממשק לבקש מפרויקט מסוים למשוך שינויים מריפו אחר. פעם כדי לתרום לקוד פתוח, הייתי צריך לשלוח קובץ patch במייל ולבקש מהמיינטיינרים להכניס אותו לפרויקט. PR בעצם מאפשר לעשות את זה באופן אוטומטי, ולכלול בתהליך CI, ריביו, ועוד.
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