TOEFL VOCABULARY
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The document provides instructions and examples for a TOEFL vocabulary exercise where readers are given a sentence with an underlined word and must choose the option that best matches the meaning of the underlined word. The examples show the underlined words "razed", "threatened", and "included" and provide context clues to determine their definitions as "destroyed", "threatened", and "included" respectively in the given sentences.
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- Act smart means to imagine you are smart
- Act big means to imagine you are great
- Act funny means to behave in a silly manner
- Aim high means to set a high goal
- Attend on means to look after
- Attend to means to take care of
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An apprentice is a person who works for an employer for a fixed period of time to learn job skills. John did not want to be a ordinary worker or laborer on a farm like his father who was an employee. Instead, John studied hard and did an apprenticeship or training to become an Agricultural Scientist, getting a degree in Agricultural Science.
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A codicil is a supplement to a will that alters the provisions of the existing will. John enlisted in the army as a teen and after 20 years returned home on leave. While home, John's parents had left him their house in their will. John asked his brother to add a codicil to the will to convert the house into a school rather than leaving it to just him.
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Nepotism refers to favoritism granted in politics or business to relatives. Specifically, it is when people in positions of power use their influence to help family members and relatives rise through the ranks in an unfair manner by providing jobs, promotions, or other favors based on their relationship rather than merit. This type of favoritism for relatives is considered a form of corruption that undermines fairness and competence.
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Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail invented the telegraph in 1844, allowing electrical pulses representing dots and dashes to transmit messages along cables using Morse code. This was a radical change, providing a quick and easy way to communicate over long distances. Telegrams were initially used for official purposes but became popular for public use in India in the 1850s. However, new technologies like mobile phones, the internet, and social media have now replaced telegrams.
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Waiting at the bus stop is a common experience where you get familiar with other regular commuters and sometimes make new friends while learning about their lives. The bus can be crowded and packed at times but is also a dependable way to travel where you must pay attention to boarding and leaving times, potential delays, and navigating the front or rear doors with a conductor's assistance.
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Daily schedule
The document provides a list of useful vocabulary for describing schedules, including words like usually, generally, normally, always, regularly, often, frequently, rarely, never, seldom, hardly, occasionally. It then lists example morning and evening routines using that vocabulary, such as getting up, having coffee, making the bed, helping in the kitchen, catching the bus, having a snack, relaxing, going to bed. Finally, it provides sample questions one could ask about someone's schedule, including what time they wake up, what they do before breakfast, how they get to work or school, what they do in the afternoons and evenings, and when they go to bed.
Weekends
The document discusses how people typically spend their weekends and lists a variety of activities such as doing necessary chores, making special dishes, spending time with friends and family, going out for excursions or sightseeing. It also includes a conversation where a character named Meera talks about enjoying visiting her grandparents in the neighboring village and exploring nature. The document encourages reflection on how one spends their own time and the activities of their family on weekends.
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The document discusses converting sentences from singular to plural form. It provides examples of sentences written in the singular form about a person named Graham and his daily activities. It then shows the same sentences rewritten in the plural form using "we" or "they" by changing the verb forms and pronouns accordingly.
nouns
Nouns are words that name people, places, things, ideas, actions or qualities. There are two main types of nouns - proper nouns, which refer to specific individual names, and common nouns, which can be further divided into abstract, collective, concrete countable, concrete uncountable, compound, and verbal nouns. Common nouns describe general categories while proper nouns are specific names.
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The document defines and provides examples of auxiliary verbs in English. It explains that auxiliary verbs help form tenses, voices, and moods of other verbs. The main auxiliary verbs discussed are forms of be, have, do, will, shall, can, may, must, ought, dare and modal verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage of each auxiliary verb in different contexts like making requests, expressing obligations, possibilities and more. Common mistakes in usage are also highlighted.
Phrasal Verbs
The document describes various phrasal verbs and their meanings:
- Act smart means to imagine you are smart
- Act big means to imagine you are great
- Act funny means to behave in a silly manner
- Aim high means to set a high goal
- Attend on means to look after
- Attend to means to take care of
Phrasal verbs.
The document provides definitions for various phrases related to following rules and coming to agreements or conclusions. It defines phrases such as "abide by" to mean follow the rules, "account for" to mean give an explanation, and "agree upon" to mean come to an agreement. It suggests it can be difficult for youngsters to abide by rules and gives examples of having to account for funds or chemicals and agreeing on an assessment format.
Failures are the stepping stones to success.
Proverbs- ESL - Failures bring out the inherent character of man. Personality Development, Life skills.
Religion. Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda believed that true freedom lies in having the choice to take any path or follow any prophet as long as it suits one's own nature, so that progress is ensured. Progress involves having freedom to choose one's own beliefs and method in accordance with one's nature.
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TOEFL VOCABULARY
- 2. READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY The sentence has an underlined word or phrase .There are four options under the sentence. Choose the option that best suits the meaning of the original word Arson is suspected in a fire that razed the Grand Hotel. A) threatened B) destroyed C) included D) spared
- 3. The fire in the Grand Hotel spared the lives of a lucky few. Many of the guests were threatened by the armed men. Young and old were all included in the carnage that ensued from the fire. Arson is suspected in a fire that razed or destroyed the Grand Hotel.