This study assessed the impact of a community-based tobacco cessation intervention in Guwahati, Assam, India. The intervention provided tobacco cessation counseling and education to 800 tobacco users identified through household surveys. At a 6-week follow-up, the quit rate was 17.87%, comparable to clinic-based programs. An 8-month follow-up found 47% had quit tobacco completely or reduced by over 50%, while only 1% had relapsed. The study demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of community-based interventions for tobacco cessation in areas with high tobacco use and low clinic utilization. It recommends further research on combining counseling with pharmaceutical support.
Slides presented by Nicola Lindson Hawley at Evidence Live 2016. Methodology for the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group anniversary prioritisation project.
Impact of Health Programmes on Women: A Study on Gulbarga Television ViewersVijaykumar Meti
Presented at national seminar on “Media & Contemporary Society” organized on March 28 & 29, 2014 by Department of Journalism, Sahyadri Arts College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
Slides presented by Nicola Lindson Hawley at Evidence Live 2016. Methodology for the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group anniversary prioritisation project.
Impact of Health Programmes on Women: A Study on Gulbarga Television ViewersVijaykumar Meti
Presented at national seminar on “Media & Contemporary Society” organized on March 28 & 29, 2014 by Department of Journalism, Sahyadri Arts College, Shimoga, Karnataka, India.
A study design proposal for incorporating photos into just-in-time interventions for smoking cessation. The presentation was given for a health communication seminar course in Fall 2016.
Data were collected from 120 smallholder famers from two communities. Findings revealed that 82% were aware of specific Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) but the majority of the respondents were not practicing GAPs due to several challenges.
A case of community dissemination when research is over in Malawiwellcome.trust
Presented by Joseph Mfutso-Bengo (Center of bioethics for southern & Eastern Africa-CEBESA) at the Public Engagement Workshop, 2-5 Dec. 2008, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, http://scienceincommunity.wordpress.com/
Final TPS Oral Cancer Presentation on July 21, 2011 in Chennai on the Concluding Day of the Trans Disciplinary Problem Solving Course: co-taught by Washington University in St. Louis and ICTPH.
Presentation by:
Joseph Guydish
Catherine Saucedo
University of California, San Francisco
County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California
September 25, 2019
To study self medication habits among people in nagpur part of central indiaManoj Dagwar
According to study conducted internationally, self-medication has been reported as being on the rise [1]. Self-medication is defined as the use or intake of any medication by a Patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a Pharmacist or a lay person instead of consulting a medical practitioner [1]. Study said that in India 3.5 billion health problems treated annually, 27% were treated with a non-prescription drug. Major problems related to self-medication is wastage of resources, increased resistance of Pathogens, and serious health hazards such as adverse reaction and prolonged suffering from disease. Antimicrobial resistance is a big problem worldwide particularly in developing countries where antibiotics are often available without a prescription [1]. Self-medication with drugs is an economical choice of treatment for common self-limiting illnesses [1]. Responsible self-medication can help, prevent and treat ailments that do not require medical consultation and reduce the pressure on medical services for the relief of minor ailments. [1]. Self-medication is the treatment of common health problems with medicines especially designed and labelled for use without medical supervision and approved as safe and effective for such use [1] Medicines for self-medication are often called ‘non-prescription’ or ‘Over The Counter’ (OTC) and are available without a doctor’s prescription through pharmacies. In some countries OTC products are also available in supermarkets and other outlets. Medicines that require a doctor’s prescription are called prescription products (Rx products)[3]. Over the counter medicine are drug which can buy without medical supervision advice use for relieve from pain and treat disease. While responsible self-medication, which is limited to OTC drug, may generate more economic benefit because of saving in travel, consultation time and direct financial cost of treatment . Some conditions are necessary for these benefits to be realized. The main objective is to ensuring the safety of taking self-medicated drugs. They includes drugs used are those indicated for conditions that are self-recognizable the user should know how to take or use the drugs; the effects and possible side-effects of the drug as well as ways of monitoring these side effects. Are well communicated to the user; possible interaction with other drugs is known by the user; duration of the course of the drugs is known by the user and when the user must seek professional intervention. The consequences for incorrect diagnosis and dosage include growing resistance to some drugs.
Especially in developing country professional health care is relatively expensive and readily not available therapy is a major problem .self-medication is one of the obvious choices of heath care service [1]. The reasons for self-medication mentioned in the literature are mild illness, previous experience of treating similar illness, economic considerations and a lack of availabi
A study design proposal for incorporating photos into just-in-time interventions for smoking cessation. The presentation was given for a health communication seminar course in Fall 2016.
Data were collected from 120 smallholder famers from two communities. Findings revealed that 82% were aware of specific Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) but the majority of the respondents were not practicing GAPs due to several challenges.
A case of community dissemination when research is over in Malawiwellcome.trust
Presented by Joseph Mfutso-Bengo (Center of bioethics for southern & Eastern Africa-CEBESA) at the Public Engagement Workshop, 2-5 Dec. 2008, KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, http://scienceincommunity.wordpress.com/
Final TPS Oral Cancer Presentation on July 21, 2011 in Chennai on the Concluding Day of the Trans Disciplinary Problem Solving Course: co-taught by Washington University in St. Louis and ICTPH.
Presentation by:
Joseph Guydish
Catherine Saucedo
University of California, San Francisco
County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California
September 25, 2019
To study self medication habits among people in nagpur part of central indiaManoj Dagwar
According to study conducted internationally, self-medication has been reported as being on the rise [1]. Self-medication is defined as the use or intake of any medication by a Patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a Pharmacist or a lay person instead of consulting a medical practitioner [1]. Study said that in India 3.5 billion health problems treated annually, 27% were treated with a non-prescription drug. Major problems related to self-medication is wastage of resources, increased resistance of Pathogens, and serious health hazards such as adverse reaction and prolonged suffering from disease. Antimicrobial resistance is a big problem worldwide particularly in developing countries where antibiotics are often available without a prescription [1]. Self-medication with drugs is an economical choice of treatment for common self-limiting illnesses [1]. Responsible self-medication can help, prevent and treat ailments that do not require medical consultation and reduce the pressure on medical services for the relief of minor ailments. [1]. Self-medication is the treatment of common health problems with medicines especially designed and labelled for use without medical supervision and approved as safe and effective for such use [1] Medicines for self-medication are often called ‘non-prescription’ or ‘Over The Counter’ (OTC) and are available without a doctor’s prescription through pharmacies. In some countries OTC products are also available in supermarkets and other outlets. Medicines that require a doctor’s prescription are called prescription products (Rx products)[3]. Over the counter medicine are drug which can buy without medical supervision advice use for relieve from pain and treat disease. While responsible self-medication, which is limited to OTC drug, may generate more economic benefit because of saving in travel, consultation time and direct financial cost of treatment . Some conditions are necessary for these benefits to be realized. The main objective is to ensuring the safety of taking self-medicated drugs. They includes drugs used are those indicated for conditions that are self-recognizable the user should know how to take or use the drugs; the effects and possible side-effects of the drug as well as ways of monitoring these side effects. Are well communicated to the user; possible interaction with other drugs is known by the user; duration of the course of the drugs is known by the user and when the user must seek professional intervention. The consequences for incorrect diagnosis and dosage include growing resistance to some drugs.
Especially in developing country professional health care is relatively expensive and readily not available therapy is a major problem .self-medication is one of the obvious choices of heath care service [1]. The reasons for self-medication mentioned in the literature are mild illness, previous experience of treating similar illness, economic considerations and a lack of availabi
Epidemiology basic is a simple way of orientation of the Doctors and health care providers on the basic aspects of epidemiology and research methodology
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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1. Dr. Srabana Misra Bhagabaty: Assistant Professor cum In-Charge,
Department of preventive oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute
Published in : Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 16, 2015 , page 811-814
Got the certificate of excellence for best paper presentation at the international conference : Global
Cancer Summit, Bangaluru 2015
3. with alarmingly High Prevalence of Tobacco Use in the region
and poor health seeking behavior reflecting least utilization of
the clinic based tobacco cessation service this intervention
research design means to
To assess impact when care providers go out to the
community to provide tobacco cessation help in areas with
high tobacco consumption and least motivation towards
quitting or availing cessation clinic help.
Some community based tobacco cessation intervention
studies has been conducted outside India but only few
studies in India.
In North East India this is a first such kind of pilot study to
see the feasibility of implementation of such intervention
designs in the region and other parts of the country
Dr. Srabana M
4. Objectives of this study
Finding out the practicability of providing tobacco
cessation intervention at community level.
To analyze the success of tobacco cessation
services extended to the community level.
Iii Comprehending the prospect of implementation of
Community based tobacco cessation intervention at
large scale and to suggest recommendations for
better tobacco cessation service
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
6. • Community based intervention study
• Study sample : 800
• Duration of the study : one year
• Study period: 2009-2010
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
Methodology…
7. • Study area: Assam : It was carried out in
South, East, West and Central urban blocks
of Guwahati Metro.
• Tool of data collection : Predesigned
pretested proforma
• Data entry and analysis: SPSS
Dr. Srabana M
Methodology…
8. The inclusioncriteria for the study
Tobacco users of both sex, aged >15 years and
permanent residents of study areas willing to
take part in the study.
The exclusion criteria were
Non users of tobacco, past users of tobacco,
tobacco users of age less than 15 years, not willing
to get tobacco cessation intervention, not
permanent residents of the study areas.
Dr. Srabana M
Methodology…
9. Four Medical social workers (MSWs) were
recruited and trained up
They conducted door to door survey in the study
area and registered the study subjects ( 200
study subjects per MSW)
Dr. Srabana M
Methodology…
10. During registration :
Information communication and education
materials on tobacco hazards were offered
to the study subjects
A date and time for counseling was fixed
according to the convenience of the
subjects a keeping in mind time frame of
the study .
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
Methodology…
12. By :Direct contact
Intervals and duration :
0-2 weeks, 2- 4 weeks, 4-6 weeks, 6weeks-2months,
2-3months, 3-4 months, 4- 6 months, 6-8 months.
When contacted for follow up the study subjects ,
needed re-counseling was given to them where
needed
Dr. Srabana M
Methodology…
14. • The survey covered 750 households
• 87% of these households with a nuclear family
• Persons in the age group >15years and permanent
residents of these areas were 2100 out of which 860
were current tobacco users
• 60 of these 860 could not meet the inclusion criteria
Results and discussions….
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
17. literacy status of the study subjects
Dr. Srabana M
42%
33%
14%
4%
4% 3%
College
Higher secondary
High school
Middle school
primary school
Illiterate
Results ….
18. Monthly income of the subjects
Dr. Srabana M
3%
55.25%
35.88%
5.88%
<Rupees
2000
Rupees
2001-5000
Rupees
5001-10,000
> Rupees
10,000
Results ….
19. • Study population showed current tobacco use
of 36%
• Only 1/4th of the subjects (current tobacco
users) visited any health care provider during
last 12 months
!!!Only 3% of current tobacco users( both
smoking or smokeless type) got any
kind of advice to quit the tobacco use
habit
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
20. (Manuals for training in cancer control:
Manual for tobacco cessation: national
cancer control programme : Directorate
general of health services: MOHFW: govt. of
India.)
15.00%
15.50%
16.00%
16.50%
17.00%
17.50%
18.00%
Tobacco cessation centers
(TCC)from India, have
reported overall quit rates
of around 16% and study
result was 17.87% at six
weeks post intervention
Study result
TCC results
Dr. Srabana M
21. The final outcome
Results of follow up at eight months post intervention
Outcome Number Percentage
Quit Tobacco 376 47%
Reduced tobacco use (More than
50%)
415 52%
No material change 0 0
Lost to follow up 0 0
Relapse 6 1
Total 800 100
Dr. Srabana M
22. • 100% motivation and 99% changed for better.
47% quitted completely or they were at the verge
of quitting the habit with visible big reduction
(52%) in their tobacco consumption both in
quantity and use times per day
• Lost to follow up was zero and relapse rate was
negligibe
Dr. Srabana M
23. Dr. Srabana MDr. Srabana M
• For a better motivation, follow up
and a better quit rate in a defined
population, the community based
tobacco cessation interventions
could be an answer
24. Recommendation
Such vigorous intervention designs should be
given more emphasis on for Implementation, in a
specified community with a very high tobacco
consumption rate, cultural acceptance of tobacco
and less motivation towards quitting.
Use pharmaceutical adjuncts along with
counseling at the community settings needs
further research to see impact for a even better
quit rate and feasibility of implementation
Dr. Srabana M
25. Better results towards awareness generation about
tobacco hazards and benefits of quitting.
To address needs of the needy bypassing all the barrier
limiting the mass from seeking
tobacco cessation help.
For attaining high tobacco quit rate and lesser lost to
follow up and close monitoring of maintenance of tobacco
cessation
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
TO GET
26. >Dr. Amal Chandra Kataki, Director
Dr. B.Borooah Cancer Institute
>Dr. Sekhar Shalkar , National organisation for Tobacco Eradication India, GOA
>Manoj Kalita,Population based Cancer Registry,
Dr. B.Borooah Cancer Institut
Acknowledgement
Dr. Srabana M
Bhagabaty
