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Tobacco Use and Health Risks
- 3. TOBACCO A LEADING RISK FACTOR FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- 4. WHAT IS TOBACCO? • Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them. The plant is part of the genus Nicotiana and of the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. • Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine, which is a stimulant. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking in cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, and flavored shisha tobacco. They can be also consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco and snus. • Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver, and lungs, as well as many cancers. In 2008, the World Health Organization named tobacco as the world's single greatest cause of preventable death.
- 11. LEADING TOBACCO PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN INDIA Kanhaiya Tobacco Company M.R Tobacco Sapna Enterprises Sudarshan Tobacco ITC Company
- 12. TOBACCO CONSUMPTION PATTERN • 20% tobacco-users consume Cigarettes • 40% smoke Bidis. • Remaining 40% chew tobacco and tobacco – containing products such as Paan Masala, Gutkha and Khaini.
- 13. VARIOUS ISSUES ON TOBACCO • In September last year, a national survey released by the health ministry estimated that more than 275 million people in India use tobacco - if combined, India's tobacco users could make the fourth-largest country by themselves • More than one million Indians are estimated to die annually simply from smoking tobacco • Budget 2012 provides a unique opportunity to revise the tax policy on tobacco, increase government revenues and demonstrate government's efforts to protect citizens' health • A study coordinated by the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy in 2010 demonstrated that the health impact of a 52.8% increase in Bidi price would be 4.6 million averted premature deaths in current smokers and generate Rs 36.9 billion (or $0.8 billion) for the government
- 14. VARIOUS ISSUES ON TOBACCO • An increase of cigarette prices by 158% would avert an additional 1.8 million premature deaths in current smokers and generate Rs 146.3 billion (or $3.1 billion) • Another 2011 paper estimated that nearly 15 million people are pushed into poverty every year in India due to tobacco use and stated that controlling tobacco use would not only improve public health but also reduce poverty in India Economic costs of tobacco use amounted to $1.7 billion annually • The World Bank recommends 70-80% of the retail price as tobacco tax. Cigarettes are taxed at 35-50% of their retail price, Bidis next to negligible, and packaged chewing forms (very few companies are registered though thousands of brands exist) that started getting taxed only from 2008 are taxed around 15% of their retail price • According to WHO tobacco, smoke and smokeless could kill over 1 billion people in the 21st century • India has 285 million smokers and about 138 million don’t know that smoking can cause stroke (cerebrovascular accident). As many as 92 million aren’t aware that tobacco causes heart disease. According to a report released by the World Heart Federation (WHF) on Friday, half of all Chinese smokers and one-third of Indian smokers are unaware of the risks tobacco pose to the heart • According to WHF, cardiovascular disease (CVD) kills 17.3 million people every year. Around 80% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries like India, which are increasingly being targeted by the tobacco industry • According to WHO’s Mortality Attributable to Tobacco Report, globally 12% of all deaths among adults aged 30 years and above were due to smokeless tobacco in 2004 compared with 16% in India, Pakistan (17%) and Bangladesh (31%). Direct tobacco smoking was responsible for 5 million deaths. • According to the Global Adult Tobacco India Survey (GATS), 21% of the country’s population is addicted to smokeless tobacco alone and another 5% smoke as well as use smokeless tobacco
- 15. VARIOUS ISSUES ON TOBACCO • GATS says India spends approximately Rs 300 billion annually in both public and private spending on treatment of tobacco-related illness, accounting for about one-fourth of all health spending. • Smoking is also the leading cause of cancer and other chronic diseases. If that’s not enough a recent survey revealed that tobacco use is estimated to have caused nearly 120000 death across India in 2010, according to research carried out by the Toronto-based Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR) in partnership with Mumbai’s Tata Memorial Hospital. • Nearly 600,000 Indians die of cancer every year – over seven in 10 deaths (71 percent) takes place in the 30-69 age group, the most productive period of a person’s life, says the report published in the latest issue of the Lancet medical journal. The study points out that Kerala had among the highest age standardized cancer mortality rates per 100,000 for men in the 30-69 age group (158.5 for all cancers and 53.9 for tobacco-related cancers)
- 16. VULNERABILITY OF THE CHILDREN • All India institute of medical and Science(IIMS) studied the smoking behavior of more than 4500 children, ages 11 to 14 years, in Delhi's 30 schools; nearly 8.5% children experimented with smoking. The study noted that the mean age for intervention is 12 years.
- 17. PASSIVE SMOKING • Kids who have 2 smoking parents are more likely to become smokers than the kids who have non-smoking parents • Among infants up to 18 months of age, secondhand smoke is associated with as many as 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia every year. • Secondhand smoke from a parent's cigarette increases a child's chances for middle ear problems, causes coughing and wheezing, and worsens asthma conditions. • Pregnant women who smoke are more likely to deliver babies whose weights are too low for the babies' good health. If all women quit smoking during pregnancy, about 4,000 new babies would not die each year.
- 19. HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY CIGARETTE SMOKING • Smoking has been found to harm nearly every bodily organ and organ system in the body and diminishes a person’s overall health. • Smoking is a leading cause of cancer and death from cancer. It causes cancers of the lung, esophagus, larynx, mouth, throat, kidney ,bladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, cervix, colon, and rectum, as well as acute myeloid leukemia. • Smoking causes heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm (a balloon-like bulge in an artery in the chest), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (chronic bronchitis and emphysema), diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts, and worsens asthma symptoms in adults. Smokers are at higher risk of developing pneumonia ,tuberculosis, and other airway infections. In addition, smoking causes inflammation and impairs immune function.
- 20. TOBACCO USAGE IN INDIA • Tobacco use is a serious public health problem in the South East Asia Region where use of both smoking and smokeless form of tobacco is widely prevalent. • Smoking among men is high in the Region and women usually take to chewing tobacco. • Premature mortality due to NCDs in young age is high in the region with 60.7% deaths in Timor Leste and 60.6% deaths in Bangladesh occurring below the age of 70 years. • Age standardized death rate per 100,000 populations due to NCDs ranges from 793 (Bhutan) and 612 (Maldives) among males and 654 (Bhutan) and 461 (Sri Lanka) among females respectively. • Out of 5.1 millions tobacco attributable deaths in the world, more than 1 million are in South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries