The Titanic sank in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg that damaged its hull. The document analyzes the materials used in the Titanic's construction and the cause of its sinking. It was built with thousands of mild steel plates held together with over 2 million steel and wrought iron rivets. The impact caused hull plates and brittle wrought iron rivets to fail due to low temperature, high impact loading, and high sulfur content in the materials. While design flaws also contributed, material failure of the rivets was the main cause of the ship flooding and sinking within 2 hours and 40 minutes.

1. MATERIAL
FAILURE OF
TITANIC SHIP

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION.
• MATERIAL USED IN MANUFACTURING.
• FAILURE OF HULLS AND RIVETS .
• DESIGN FLAWS .
• THE SINKING COMPOSITIONS OF
MATERIAL.
• CONCLUSION.

3. INTRODUCTION
• Titanic was built between 1911 and 1912
and began its journey on 10 April 1912.
• Two days later at mid night around 11.40
it struck an ice berg which damaged the
hulls of the six compartments ahead.
• These compartments got flooded which
as a result caused the sinking of the ship
, but the actual failure that caused the
ship to sink was the material failure of
the rivets being used in the sealing of the
hull plates.
• The ship sinked about in 2 hours and 40
minutes.

4. MATERIAL USED IN MANUFACTURE
Titanic was constructed of :
''Thousands of one inch-
thick mild steel plates”.
“Two million steel and
wrought iron rivets and
equipped with the latest
technology”.
"It was made up of low
grade metals that were more
brittle."

5. TITANICS HULLS
Titanic's hulls was triple riveted with using mild steel rivets, and double riveted using wrought
iron, in the central length of the ship where maximum stress was assumed to be located.
Where as the use of wrought iron and mild steel rivets instead of steel rivets caused the titanic
disaster to take place.
The steel rivets have good strength as compared to wrought iron.
Titanic had experienced a great forcefull impact which caused the six compartments of it to be
opened to sea where the used wrought iron rivets failed.

6. THE FAILURE OF THE
HULLS
• When the Titanic collided with the iceberg, the hull steel
and the wrought iron rivets failed because of brittle
fracture.
• The causes of brittle fracture include low temperature,
high impact loading, and high sulphur content.
• The water temperature was below freezing, the Titanic
was travelling at a high speed on impact with the iceberg,
and the hull steel contained high levels of sulphur.
• the typical high-quality ship steels mainly used are
ductile an deform but never break like the wrought iron.
• THE FAILURE OF THE HULLS AND THE RIVETS.

7. CHARPY IMAGE TEST
• There was CHARPY IMPACT TEST conducted on a specimen of the hull
steel of titanic to find out the brittleness of it.
• The wrought iron was found to be very brittle as compared to the
steel specimen .

8. DESIGN FLOWS......
• Along with the material failures, poor design of the watertight compartments in the Titanic's
lower section was a factor in the disaster.
• The lower section of the Titanic was divided into sixteen major watertight compartments, after
the collision with the iceberg, the hull portion of six of these sixteen compartments was
damaged.

12. TIMELINE OF THE SINKING OF
THE TITANIC [GANNON 1995]
• 11:35 PM Lookouts spot the iceberg 1/4 mile
ahead.
• 11:40 PM The Titanic sideswipes the iceberg,
damaging nearly 300 feet of the hull.
• Midnight Watertight compartments are filling;
water begins to spill over the tops of the
transverse bulkheads.
• 1:20 a.m. The bow pitches; water floods through
anchor-chain holes.
• 2:00 The bow continues to submerge; propellers
lift out of the water.

13. 2:10
The Titanic tilts 45 degrees or
more; the upper structure
steel disintegrates.
2:12
The stern raises up out of the
water; the bow, filling with
water, grows heavier.
2:18
Weighing 16,000 tons, the bow
rips loose; the stern rises to
almost vertical. • 2:20 The
stern slips beneath the
surface.
2:29
Coasting at about 13 mph, the
bow strikes the ocean floor.
2:56
Falling at about 4 mph, the
stern strikes the ocean floor.

15. CONCLUSTION....
• The steel used in constructing the Titanic
was probably the best plain carbon ship
plate available in the period of 1909 to
1911, but it would not be acceptable at
the present time for any construction
purposes and particularly not for ship
construction.
• Whether a ship constructed of modern
steel would have suffered as much
damage as the Titanic .