1. Plant tissue culture is a technique where plant cells, tissues, or organs are grown in a sterile nutrient medium.
2. The nutrient medium contains sugars, salts, vitamins, and growth hormones to support growth. Common media include MS and B5 media.
3. Sterilization of explants, media, and equipment is crucial and is done using chemicals, heat, filtration, or UV light to prevent contamination.
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. For second year B.pharmacy
It gives the general knowledge about plant tissue culture. As this topic is an important aspects of plant biotechnology, it will remind a brief idea about why it is necessary.
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance.
Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. For second year B.pharmacy
It gives the general knowledge about plant tissue culture. As this topic is an important aspects of plant biotechnology, it will remind a brief idea about why it is necessary.
MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 2, MPG, SEM 2. NOTES Different tissue culture techniques: Organogenesis and embryogenesis, synthetic seed and monoclonal variation
Protoplast fusion, Hairy root multiple shoot cultures and their applications.
Micro propagation of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Sterilization methods involved in tissue culture, gene transfer in plants and their applications.
Plant biotechnology also known as green biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in plant or crop production. There are several techniques used such as ell culturing. Organ culture, explant culture, cell suspension culture are some culture types. This is a very useful technology in which have several applications like synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, cybridization, hybridization.
Plant tissue culture broadly refers to the in vitro cultivation of plants, seeds and various parts of the plants (organs, embryos, tissues, single cells, protoplasm).
The cultivation process is invariably carried out in a nutrient culture medium under aseptic conditions.
Plant cells have certain advantages over animal cells in culture system.
Unlike animal cells, highly mature and differentiated plant cells retain the ability of totipotency i.e. the ability of change to meristematic state and differentiate into a whole plant
Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in VIGNA RADIATAijsrd.com
Plant Tissue Culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clones of a plant. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation. We have taken the Vigna radiata seeds as explant for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Because Mungbean is a food grain, legume crop all over the world. This crop is regarded as a quality pulse in India for its excellent protein and high digestibility. Several biotic and abiotic factors as well as low genetic variability are supposed to be responsible for low production of this crop. Explant was sterilized and inoculated on callus induction and shoot regeneration medium separately supplemented with hormones. The medium used for callus induction includes MS medium and other hormones like 2,4-D and Kinetin and medium used for shoot regeneration includes MS medium and other hormones like Kinetin and BAP and the explants were incubated in tissue culture lab under aseptic conditions and light and temperature of 25 ± 20C was provided. After first week, discolorations of explants were observed, after 3 weeks small proliferations appeared on the explant surface. The undifferentiated mass of cells i.e. callus is developed after 5 weeks. In shoot regeneration culture tubes after 2 weeks leaf primordia was observed, and the differentiation and elongation of shoots were observed during 6 weeks.
Animal Tissue Culture
The foundation of animal cell and tissue culture was laid by Jolly (1903) when he showed that animal cells could not only survive but could divide in culture medium. The actual beginning of animal cell culture and tissue culture was made by Harrison (1907) and later by Carrel (1912) who used frog’s tissue in tissue culture. They successfully showed that animal cells can be grown indefinitely in culture medium just like microorganisms. Later tissues from warm blooded animals like chick and mammals were used as material for tissue culture purpose.
Essay on Plant Tissue Culture Contents:
the Definition of Plant Tissue Culture.
the History of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Basic Requirements of Plant Tissue Culture.
the General Techniques of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Basic Aspects of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Cellular Totipotency.
the Differentiation.
the Methods in Plant Tissue Culture.
the Applications of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Morphogenesis.
the Subculture or Secondary Cell Culture.
the Soma-Clonal Variation.
the Somatic Hybrids and Cybrids.
the Micro-Propagation.
the Artificial Seed.
the Cryopreservation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 2, MPG, SEM 2. NOTES Different tissue culture techniques: Organogenesis and embryogenesis, synthetic seed and monoclonal variation
Protoplast fusion, Hairy root multiple shoot cultures and their applications.
Micro propagation of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Sterilization methods involved in tissue culture, gene transfer in plants and their applications.
Plant biotechnology also known as green biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in plant or crop production. There are several techniques used such as ell culturing. Organ culture, explant culture, cell suspension culture are some culture types. This is a very useful technology in which have several applications like synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, cybridization, hybridization.
Plant tissue culture broadly refers to the in vitro cultivation of plants, seeds and various parts of the plants (organs, embryos, tissues, single cells, protoplasm).
The cultivation process is invariably carried out in a nutrient culture medium under aseptic conditions.
Plant cells have certain advantages over animal cells in culture system.
Unlike animal cells, highly mature and differentiated plant cells retain the ability of totipotency i.e. the ability of change to meristematic state and differentiate into a whole plant
Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in VIGNA RADIATAijsrd.com
Plant Tissue Culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clones of a plant. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation. We have taken the Vigna radiata seeds as explant for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Because Mungbean is a food grain, legume crop all over the world. This crop is regarded as a quality pulse in India for its excellent protein and high digestibility. Several biotic and abiotic factors as well as low genetic variability are supposed to be responsible for low production of this crop. Explant was sterilized and inoculated on callus induction and shoot regeneration medium separately supplemented with hormones. The medium used for callus induction includes MS medium and other hormones like 2,4-D and Kinetin and medium used for shoot regeneration includes MS medium and other hormones like Kinetin and BAP and the explants were incubated in tissue culture lab under aseptic conditions and light and temperature of 25 ± 20C was provided. After first week, discolorations of explants were observed, after 3 weeks small proliferations appeared on the explant surface. The undifferentiated mass of cells i.e. callus is developed after 5 weeks. In shoot regeneration culture tubes after 2 weeks leaf primordia was observed, and the differentiation and elongation of shoots were observed during 6 weeks.
Animal Tissue Culture
The foundation of animal cell and tissue culture was laid by Jolly (1903) when he showed that animal cells could not only survive but could divide in culture medium. The actual beginning of animal cell culture and tissue culture was made by Harrison (1907) and later by Carrel (1912) who used frog’s tissue in tissue culture. They successfully showed that animal cells can be grown indefinitely in culture medium just like microorganisms. Later tissues from warm blooded animals like chick and mammals were used as material for tissue culture purpose.
Essay on Plant Tissue Culture Contents:
the Definition of Plant Tissue Culture.
the History of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Basic Requirements of Plant Tissue Culture.
the General Techniques of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Basic Aspects of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Cellular Totipotency.
the Differentiation.
the Methods in Plant Tissue Culture.
the Applications of Plant Tissue Culture.
the Morphogenesis.
the Subculture or Secondary Cell Culture.
the Soma-Clonal Variation.
the Somatic Hybrids and Cybrids.
the Micro-Propagation.
the Artificial Seed.
the Cryopreservation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. What is plant tissue culture?
Plant tissue culture is a technique of growing plant cells,
tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile
environment on a nutrient medium
9. Cultured media
The artificial media used for the growth of explants contain sucrose, organic
salts, vitamins, growth hormones and some amino acids. Different nutrient
media like mS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962), Er medium (Erikson,
1965) and B5 medium (Gamborg et.al. 1968) are used for the purpose of
tissue culture.
1. Agar Chemically, agar is a galactan, a complex
carbohydrate with galactose molecules which are
not metabolized by non-ocean microbes. Agar is
used to solidify the medium. Usually 6 gm/l of agar
is used. If a liquid medium is used for tissue culture,
no agar is required.
10. 2. Organic
Compounds
Organic Compound are used as the source of
carbon and energy. Sucrose is usually used in all
standard media.
3. Inorganic
compounds
Inorganic compounds used in culture media
include macronutrient and micronutrients. N, P,
K, Ca, Ng and S are the important
macronutrients that are used in the preparation
of culture media, whereas the micronutrients
include Bo, Mo, Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe etc. A
concentrated stock of macro- and
micronutrients is prepared and finally added to
the medium as and when required. To
overcome the problem of solubility, the stock
solution of iron is prepared in a chelated form,
namely the sodium salt of ferric ethylene
diamine tetra acetate (EDTA).
11. 4. Growth Hormones Hormones such as cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins are
used to regulate growth in tissue culture. Cytokinins
promotes cell division and regulate growth. The most
widely used cytokinins are adenine, kinetin, zeatin and
benzyl adenine. Auxins stimulate shoot elongation (IAA),
naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-
Dichlorphenoxyyacetic acid (2,4 D). Gibberelins are of less
importance. However, gibberellins are of less importance.
Howerver, gibberellic acid (GA#) is used in apical
meristem culture.
5. Vitamins Vitamins regulate the metabolic activities of cells. They
are required in minor quantities. Vitamin B(thiamine) is
used for all types of tissue culture. Nicotinic acid,
riboflavin, pyridoxin, ascorbic acid, biotin and
cyanocobalamin are also used in different cases.
6. Amino acids Amino acids such as L-aspartic acid, L-asperagin, L-
glutanic acid, L-glutamine, etc. are used in tissue culture
as source of nitrogen.
12.
13. Use of Chemicals Chemicals such as Chromic acid, Mercuric chloride
(0.1%), sodium hyochlorite (0.5%), calcium
hypochlorite (0.5%) and alcohol (70%) are used for
the sterilization of glassware, work tables and
source materials of explants.
Use of oven A dry heat oven is used to sterilize glassware,
metallic instruments, etc. by hot air (200-300
degree Celsius for one hour)
Use of autoclaves Autoclaving is done to sterilize nutrient media,
distilled water, etc. with the help of steam (121
degree Celsius for 30 minutes)
Common Methods of Sterilization
14. Use of filtration Vitamins, hormones, etc.
are unstable at high
temperatures. So, they
are sterilized using seitz
filter, Millipore membrane
filter, etc.
Use of UV light UV light is used in the
incubation chamber to
make it germ-free.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. In organ culture, any part of the plant (root, stem,
leaf, and flower) is used as an explant for
culturing purposes. This technique is extensively
used worldwide to retain or preserve the original
(as it is, in its natural environment) structure and
function of the particular part of the plant itself. It
also helps to study the growth, differentiation, and
development of the plant part.
Organ Culture
20.
21. • In this type of culture, the embryo is isolated and cultured under in vitro conditions. Embryo
culture can be done either by using mature or immature embryos. The mature embryos are
obtained from ripe seeds and the immature embryos are obtained from the unripened or
hybrid seeds that failed to grow and couldn’t produce viable plants.
• The best thing about this culture technique is the absence of any surface or treatment stress
to the explant being cultured. This is because the whole ovule, seed, or fruit is surface
sterilized before obtaining the embryo. This protects the embryo from any damages that can
occur during the process of surface sterilization
Embryo Culture
22. Cell suspension culture is simply multiplying single cells
at a higher rate in a liquid medium. The liquid medium is
continuously agitated on an orbital shaker. This culture
method is used by scientists for studying cell growth and
development. It is also a popular tissue culture method for
many industries to extract certain components from plant
cells.
Cell Suspension Culture
23. The cool thing about plant tissue culture is that you can
grow complete plants from any part of the plant, even with
the seed. In this type of culture, you can use seeds
directly to grow plants. These plants will be uniform and
will grow much faster than in field conditions. This is also
a good method when seeds have a hard outer coating
and take longer to germinate in field conditions.
Seed Culture
24. Anther culture/ Pollen Culture
• The anther is actually the pollen bearing part of stamen. It is present in the
male reproductive part of the flower and contains pollen. These pollen
represent the desirable set of genes and also the desirable
characteristics. So when we use these pollen to produce plants using tissue
culture, it is called anther culture.
• One of the interesting facts about anther culture is that it produces haploid
plants. So what are haploid plants?
In an easy language, haploid plants are plants that are generated using only
one parent. These plants did not go through fertilization (crossing of an egg
and a pollen), which is a time saving advantage.
• Breeders use this method often to develop hybrids in a short duration of 2-
3 years.
25. • Plants have interesting tissues at the top of a growing system known
as meristem. These tissues have cells that do not have any specific
function yet, called meristematic cells.
• These cells have the ability to grow into any plant organ and perform
the necessary functions related to it. Interesting, isn't it? In plant tissue
culture, we exploit this ability of meristematic cells to develop plant
organs and later a whole functioning plant. Tissue culture using
meristem tissues is called meristem culture.
• Another interesting feature of meristem tissues is that they are free
from viruses and other microorganisms. This feature helps us to get
disease free plants using tissue culture. A lot of different plant species,
for example, banana, can provide healthy plantlets using meristem
culture.
Meristem Culture