Thermodynamics Answer provided Please answer the questions with solution if you get the correct answers. Thank you Water (p 998 kg/m3 and u 0.001002 Pa s flows through the pipe system shown in the diagram on the next page. At Point 1, the water is already flowing at a velocity of 2.5 m/s through a 0.5 inch inner diameter smooth pipe. The pressure of the water at this point is 120 kPa. A pump with an efficiency of 80% is used to increase the pressure of the water. Note that after the pump there is a sudden change in diameter to 1 inch (smooth pipe). Referring to the diagram, the pressure at Point 2 is 275 kPa. The water then flows through an unknown length of pipe until a sharp exit open to the atmosphere. You may neglect Fioss at the sudden change in diameter from 05 to 1 inch a Determine the pump power (in kW) required to give a pressure of 275 kPa at Point 2 (161 12 W) b) Determine the length of pipe after Point 2 (Lin m). (824 140 m) Solution Volumetric flow rate is calculated first from inlet, by continuity of mas this must ramin const. = 2.5m/s * Area = 3.167 * 10-4m3/s Total head = given height plus friction losses estimate l/d for galve = approx 450, f = .03 for laminar flow head loss due to gate valve is .03*450 * V2/2g = 2.8 m add to head = 12.8 m pressure head = (274-120)*1000/( 998*9.81) =15.83 friction loss at 4 elbows: (l/d) =30*4 =120, head loss approx 1.1 m add to head , 14 m. Total head 30 m approx Power rhoQgH = 998* 3.167* 9.81* H = 116 w approx after factoring 80% efficiency 161 may be type o or some other friction factor used.

1. This figure displays five small hypothetical proteins. The a-helix secondary structure of the
protein is bracketed and the number of amino acids in the helix is indicated. If the hypothetical
ER localization sequence is green-yellow-yellow-green-yellow-red, what protein could
potentially be a transmembrane protein in the plasma membrane?
Solution
Protein E
Protein E is more likely to be an integral protein. It has a large number of hydrophobic amino
acids at the membrane interface (the thickness of membrane is 10nm) which can fit into the
hydrophobic environment of the lipid bilayer. The amino acid sequence flanking on either side of
the membrane will be polar since it is aqueous polar environment.