The document discusses several theories of cognitive and language development in children, including those proposed by Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, and Lev Vygotsky. It provides an overview of their key ideas and contributions to understanding how children develop intellectually and acquire language skills throughout childhood. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development across the lifespan is also summarized, outlining the stages and conflicts he proposed are important in personality development.
The document provides an overview of several influential theories and theorists in early childhood education. It discusses constructivist, behaviorist, and humanistic theories of development. It also summarizes the work of theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Maslow, Skinner, Gardner, and many historical figures who influenced the field of early childhood education.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory proposes that personality develops through eight stages of psychosocial crises from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person experiences a crisis which can result in a healthy outcome through resolving that crisis or an unhealthy outcome by failing to achieve that resolution. The stages involve developing competencies in the areas of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. Erikson believed that how we navigate these stages influences our development and interactions throughout our lives.
The process of growth and development starts before the baby born I.e. from the conception in the mother’s womb. The period extends throughout the life cycle.
The document provides an overview of several major theories of human development, including:
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development from infancy to adulthood.
- Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensory motor to formal operations.
- Vygotsky's theory that social interaction is fundamental to cognitive development.
- Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development from trust vs mistrust in infancy to integrity vs despair in old age.
- Kohlberg's six stages of moral development from obedience to authority to principled moral reasoning. Criticisms of this theory are also discussed.
Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. In each stage, individuals face a psychosocial crisis that is key to healthy development. If resolved positively, important virtues are acquired that promote well-being. The stages involve developing trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. Successful completion of each prior stage is important for optimal development in later stages.
This document provides an overview of child psychology. It begins with an introduction to child development and the importance of understanding child psychology for dentistry. It then defines child psychology and discusses various theories of child development, including psychodynamic theories proposed by Freud and Erikson. Freud's psychosexual stages of development and Erikson's psychosocial stages are summarized. The document concludes with discussing various theories and their relevance to dentistry.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage is defined by a psychosocial crisis and associated virtue. The stages include: trust vs mistrust (hope), autonomy vs shame/doubt (will), initiative vs guilt (purpose), industry vs inferiority (competence), identity vs role confusion (fidelity), intimacy vs isolation (love), generativity vs stagnation (care), and integrity vs despair (wisdom). Successful completion of each stage results in the virtue being developed, while failure can lead to negative outcomes like fear, low self-esteem, or isolation.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage is defined by a psychosocial crisis and associated virtue. The stages include: trust vs mistrust (hope), autonomy vs shame/doubt (will), initiative vs guilt (purpose), industry vs inferiority (competence), identity vs role confusion (fidelity), intimacy vs isolation (love), generativity vs stagnation (care), and integrity vs despair (wisdom). Successful completion of each stage results in the virtue being acquired, while failure can lead to negative outcomes like fear, shame, guilt, or despair.
The document provides an overview of several influential theories and theorists in early childhood education. It discusses constructivist, behaviorist, and humanistic theories of development. It also summarizes the work of theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, Maslow, Skinner, Gardner, and many historical figures who influenced the field of early childhood education.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory proposes that personality develops through eight stages of psychosocial crises from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person experiences a crisis which can result in a healthy outcome through resolving that crisis or an unhealthy outcome by failing to achieve that resolution. The stages involve developing competencies in the areas of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. Erikson believed that how we navigate these stages influences our development and interactions throughout our lives.
The process of growth and development starts before the baby born I.e. from the conception in the mother’s womb. The period extends throughout the life cycle.
The document provides an overview of several major theories of human development, including:
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development from infancy to adulthood.
- Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensory motor to formal operations.
- Vygotsky's theory that social interaction is fundamental to cognitive development.
- Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development from trust vs mistrust in infancy to integrity vs despair in old age.
- Kohlberg's six stages of moral development from obedience to authority to principled moral reasoning. Criticisms of this theory are also discussed.
Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. In each stage, individuals face a psychosocial crisis that is key to healthy development. If resolved positively, important virtues are acquired that promote well-being. The stages involve developing trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity. Successful completion of each prior stage is important for optimal development in later stages.
This document provides an overview of child psychology. It begins with an introduction to child development and the importance of understanding child psychology for dentistry. It then defines child psychology and discusses various theories of child development, including psychodynamic theories proposed by Freud and Erikson. Freud's psychosexual stages of development and Erikson's psychosocial stages are summarized. The document concludes with discussing various theories and their relevance to dentistry.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage is defined by a psychosocial crisis and associated virtue. The stages include: trust vs mistrust (hope), autonomy vs shame/doubt (will), initiative vs guilt (purpose), industry vs inferiority (competence), identity vs role confusion (fidelity), intimacy vs isolation (love), generativity vs stagnation (care), and integrity vs despair (wisdom). Successful completion of each stage results in the virtue being developed, while failure can lead to negative outcomes like fear, low self-esteem, or isolation.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development consists of 8 stages from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage is defined by a psychosocial crisis and associated virtue. The stages include: trust vs mistrust (hope), autonomy vs shame/doubt (will), initiative vs guilt (purpose), industry vs inferiority (competence), identity vs role confusion (fidelity), intimacy vs isolation (love), generativity vs stagnation (care), and integrity vs despair (wisdom). Successful completion of each stage results in the virtue being acquired, while failure can lead to negative outcomes like fear, shame, guilt, or despair.
This document discusses theories of socio-emotional development, specifically Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. It explains that Erikson viewed development as resulting from internal drives interacting with cultural demands. His theory outlines eight stages of development from birth to old age, where individuals face a psychosocial crisis centered around developing virtues like hope, will, purpose, and integrity. At each stage, successful resolution of the crisis leads to further development of one's identity and ability to build intimate relationships. The stages involve developing trust as an infant, autonomy as a toddler, initiative as a young child, competence in middle childhood, identity in adolescence, intimacy in young adulthood, generativity in middle adulthood, and integrity in late adulthood
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT - THEORIES OF PERSONALITIES.pptbemnetdana21
Erikson's and Freud's theories of psychosocial and psychosexual development are discussed in the document. Erikson's stages focus on challenges individuals face as they grow, such as trust vs mistrust in infancy. Freud's stages center around psychosexual development and the shifting of libidinal energy through oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phases. The document also examines Freud's structural model of personality consisting of the id, ego and superego.
Developmental psychology aims to explain how people change over time physically, cognitively, and socially. It is divided into three domains: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development. Erik Erikson's theory outlines eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy to late adulthood, focusing on developing virtues at each stage like trust, autonomy, and integrity. Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory also describes stages of development centered around pleasure areas of the body. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes stages from infancy to adulthood where children build understanding through sensory experiences and interactions.
Compare and Discuss the Differences between Jean Piaget’s Stages of .pdfalvisguyjhiy
Compare and Discuss the Differences between Jean Piaget’s Stages of Development and Erik
Erickson’s. Which theory do you believe is more closely associated with your own beliefs.
***PSYCHOLOGY
Solution
Development psychology has undergone many changes since the beginning of the 20th century.
Most early theorists influenced the field of psychology significantly. Notable theorist whose
impact determines child psychology and early childhood education are Jean Piaget and Erik
Erikson
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
The theory proposed by Piaget focuses on the various stages of a child where transition from one
stage to the other follows a sequence. He developed the stages with key ideas as his building
blocks. It is necessary to look into the concepts that form the bases of his theory. Firstly is the
issue of schemata that he conceptualized as the mental structure that represents the world.
Through the learning process, children change their schemata by adapting, due to assimilation
and accommodation. Assimilation adds new information to the existing schemata while
adaptation modifies new information into the schemata. Ideally, there is balance between
assimilation and accommodation to ensure equilibrium.
From the above ideas, he developed the four stages through observation of children. He believed
all children passed through the stages sequentially throughout their lifetime. The stages are
divided based on age and abilities accompanying them. He divided the stages into four.
Sensorimotor stage: This represents the period from infancy and up to two years of age. At this
period, movement and application of senses takes place. Additionally, mental images begin to
form while images of objects remain engrained in the child’s mind.
Preoperational period: It takes place between two and seven years where symbolic thoughts
develop. Reasoning is nonetheless shallow. Measurement abilities are equally low even when
features of objects change.
Concrete stage: Children between the ages of seven to eleven learn to reason and perform mental
problems on numbers; the children also look into problems from different perspectives and can
reverse activities mentally.
Formal operation stage: It occurs from eleven years of age to adulthood. Abstract thinking takes
center stage. Similarly, in this stage hypothesis formation and deduced reasoning become easier
to understand.
Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory
He developed his theory much later than Piaget did, but he also dealt in development with eight
unique stages across the life of a person. New hurdles characterized each stage; the way the
person deals with hurdles at a stage determines the aftermath. Consequently, naming of the
stages occurred with the likely outcomes in mind. The stages include:
Trust vs. mistrust: Occurs in children below the age of one. The theory posits that, in this stage,
the infant is totally dependent on parents and caregivers. Thus, trust is established when the
inf.
This document outlines Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, describing each stage, the conflicts individuals face, typical age ranges, and examples. It explores the stages of trust vs. mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs. shame and doubt in early childhood, initiative vs. guilt in preschool years, industry vs. inferiority in school-age children, identity vs. role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs. isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs. stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs. despair in late adulthood. Understanding these stages provides insight into human growth and supports individuals' development.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development built upon Freud's psychosexual stages of development but differed in some key ways. Erikson believed that development continues throughout the entire lifespan through eight stages, each involving a psychosocial crisis that must be successfully resolved. Unlike Freud, Erikson emphasized the importance of social and cultural influences on development at each stage. Over 300 studies have provided empirical support for aspects of Erikson's theory.
Social and emotional development in early childhood is critical for school readiness and involves developing skills like self-awareness, self-regulation, and the ability to cooperate with others. Attachment forms between infants and their caregivers through responsive interactions, influencing social and cognitive development. Temperament, referring to innate personality traits like activity level and adaptability, also impacts social development.
This document discusses lifespan development with a focus on social and emotional development from infancy through adulthood. It covers topics like attachment, temperament, emotional development, self-development and regulation, and Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Key findings discussed include the importance of secure attachment for development, the development of basic emotions and self-awareness in the first years, and the influence of parenting and temperament on social-emotional outcomes.
Universal vs conntext.specific develpmentEngr Hassan
The document discusses three key issues in developmental psychology: nature vs nurture, continuity vs discontinuity, and universal vs context-specific development. It then summarizes three major theories: Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory which emphasizes innate stages of cognitive development influenced little by environment; Erikson's psychosocial theory which views development as proceeding through innate psychosocial stages with strong environmental influences; and social cognitive learning theory which sees development as the gradual accumulation of learned behaviors through modeling and reinforcement from the environment.
This document discusses cognitive, emotional, and social development from childhood through adulthood based on theories from Freud, Erickson, and Piaget. It describes key stages of development including trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs guilt in preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-aged children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to concrete to formal operational thought. Dental considerations are discussed for each developmental period.
This one is for the pedo lovers .this is all about child psychology for various theories given and the one most accepted.Students this a bit dry topic but of course interesting one.
The document provides information on prenatal development from conception through birth. It discusses the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages of development. The germinal stage refers to conception through implantation. The embryonic stage is from implantation until 8 weeks. The fetal stage is from 3 months until birth. During these stages the embryo and fetus develop physically, with organs forming before limbs. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta within the amniotic sac.
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Assignment Instruc.docxwilcockiris
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development Theory
Assignment Instructions
In this assignment you will need to create a Prezi or PowerPoint that will highlight the important points of the theory you picked as well as its influence in explaining development. You will want to expand your points from the discussion forum with greater detail in this assignment. The presentation will start with a short introduction of the theory and conclude with why you picked it within the discussion as best explaining development. We will want to have a minimum of a seven slide PPT or Prezi. All references will be listed in APA format.
READING BELOW
Understanding Theories of Child Development
The research and formulation of child development theories have played a major role in the way parents raise their children, understand and nurture their capabilities, and educate them. The theories that have been prominent in the past and current centuries have sought to describe, explain, and predict behaviors, and have had the ultimate goal of trying to improve the welfare of children. Child development theories seek to explain a child’s growth by addressing basic questions or beliefs.
TOPICS COVERED WILL INCLUDE:
· Theoretical Questions in Child Development
· Key Theories of Child Development
· Research Methodologies
· Ethical Concerns and Considerations when Working with Childre
Child Development Theories
· HOW CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES ARE FORMED AND USED
· KEY THEORETICAL QUESTIONS
· RESEARCH
Child development theories allow both research and application to promote optimal growth and development. A theory is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and endures if based on scientific verification. Theories provide an organizing framework for observations. Once a theory is verified by scientific research, it serves as a basis for practical action. There are many theories in child development and no one theory fully explains all aspects of child development. Today, experts use several different theories as a means of finding the best way to describe, explain and predict children’s behavior.
Child development theories rely upon a few key theoretical questions, including whether development is continuous from birth to adulthood or progresses in distinct stages; whether development is universal or individual; and whether genetics or environment are more critical in child development. These questions have shaped all child development theories, including psychoanalytic, psychosocial, behavioral, social learning, cognitive and social development theories.
Research into child development requires experimentation, using a variety of different methods. Different research methodologies, including observations, case studies and clinical studies provide distinct advantages and disadvantages. All research into child development must be conducted with careful attention to ethical considerations.
Theoretical Questions Guiding the Study of Child Development.
The document discusses several major theories of child development, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Freud believed that children progress through oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. Erikson described stages of trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, and integrity vs despair. Piaget's stages included sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The theories provide frameworks for understanding child development.
The document discusses several major theories of child development, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, and Piaget's cognitive development stages. It provides an overview of the key aspects of each theory, such as the stages, focuses of pleasure, and interactions with the environment according to Freud and Erikson. The theories aim to understand child development and behavior from infancy through adolescence.
The document discusses several theories of child development, including:
1. Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson which describes 8 stages of social development from infancy to late adulthood.
2. Psycho-Sexual Development Theory by Sigmund Freud which proposes 5 stages of libido/sexual development from oral to genital stages.
3. Intellectual Development Theory by Jean Piaget which outlines 4 stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations.
The document provides details on the key concepts, stages, and theorists behind several influential theories of child growth and development.
Child psychology is the study of psychological processes in children and how they differ from adults. It examines how children develop cognitively, socially, emotionally, and physically from birth through adolescence. Some key theories in child development include attachment theory, constructivism, psychosexual development, and psychosocial development proposed by theorists like Piaget, Freud, Erikson, and Vygotsky. Researchers study development through various methods like observation, interviews, and longitudinal studies to better understand childhood.
This document discusses theories of socio-emotional development, specifically Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. It explains that Erikson viewed development as resulting from internal drives interacting with cultural demands. His theory outlines eight stages of development from birth to old age, where individuals face a psychosocial crisis centered around developing virtues like hope, will, purpose, and integrity. At each stage, successful resolution of the crisis leads to further development of one's identity and ability to build intimate relationships. The stages involve developing trust as an infant, autonomy as a toddler, initiative as a young child, competence in middle childhood, identity in adolescence, intimacy in young adulthood, generativity in middle adulthood, and integrity in late adulthood
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT - THEORIES OF PERSONALITIES.pptbemnetdana21
Erikson's and Freud's theories of psychosocial and psychosexual development are discussed in the document. Erikson's stages focus on challenges individuals face as they grow, such as trust vs mistrust in infancy. Freud's stages center around psychosexual development and the shifting of libidinal energy through oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phases. The document also examines Freud's structural model of personality consisting of the id, ego and superego.
Developmental psychology aims to explain how people change over time physically, cognitively, and socially. It is divided into three domains: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development. Erik Erikson's theory outlines eight stages of psychosocial development from infancy to late adulthood, focusing on developing virtues at each stage like trust, autonomy, and integrity. Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory also describes stages of development centered around pleasure areas of the body. Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes stages from infancy to adulthood where children build understanding through sensory experiences and interactions.
Compare and Discuss the Differences between Jean Piaget’s Stages of .pdfalvisguyjhiy
Compare and Discuss the Differences between Jean Piaget’s Stages of Development and Erik
Erickson’s. Which theory do you believe is more closely associated with your own beliefs.
***PSYCHOLOGY
Solution
Development psychology has undergone many changes since the beginning of the 20th century.
Most early theorists influenced the field of psychology significantly. Notable theorist whose
impact determines child psychology and early childhood education are Jean Piaget and Erik
Erikson
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
The theory proposed by Piaget focuses on the various stages of a child where transition from one
stage to the other follows a sequence. He developed the stages with key ideas as his building
blocks. It is necessary to look into the concepts that form the bases of his theory. Firstly is the
issue of schemata that he conceptualized as the mental structure that represents the world.
Through the learning process, children change their schemata by adapting, due to assimilation
and accommodation. Assimilation adds new information to the existing schemata while
adaptation modifies new information into the schemata. Ideally, there is balance between
assimilation and accommodation to ensure equilibrium.
From the above ideas, he developed the four stages through observation of children. He believed
all children passed through the stages sequentially throughout their lifetime. The stages are
divided based on age and abilities accompanying them. He divided the stages into four.
Sensorimotor stage: This represents the period from infancy and up to two years of age. At this
period, movement and application of senses takes place. Additionally, mental images begin to
form while images of objects remain engrained in the child’s mind.
Preoperational period: It takes place between two and seven years where symbolic thoughts
develop. Reasoning is nonetheless shallow. Measurement abilities are equally low even when
features of objects change.
Concrete stage: Children between the ages of seven to eleven learn to reason and perform mental
problems on numbers; the children also look into problems from different perspectives and can
reverse activities mentally.
Formal operation stage: It occurs from eleven years of age to adulthood. Abstract thinking takes
center stage. Similarly, in this stage hypothesis formation and deduced reasoning become easier
to understand.
Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory
He developed his theory much later than Piaget did, but he also dealt in development with eight
unique stages across the life of a person. New hurdles characterized each stage; the way the
person deals with hurdles at a stage determines the aftermath. Consequently, naming of the
stages occurred with the likely outcomes in mind. The stages include:
Trust vs. mistrust: Occurs in children below the age of one. The theory posits that, in this stage,
the infant is totally dependent on parents and caregivers. Thus, trust is established when the
inf.
This document outlines Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, describing each stage, the conflicts individuals face, typical age ranges, and examples. It explores the stages of trust vs. mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs. shame and doubt in early childhood, initiative vs. guilt in preschool years, industry vs. inferiority in school-age children, identity vs. role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs. isolation in young adulthood, generativity vs. stagnation in middle adulthood, and integrity vs. despair in late adulthood. Understanding these stages provides insight into human growth and supports individuals' development.
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development built upon Freud's psychosexual stages of development but differed in some key ways. Erikson believed that development continues throughout the entire lifespan through eight stages, each involving a psychosocial crisis that must be successfully resolved. Unlike Freud, Erikson emphasized the importance of social and cultural influences on development at each stage. Over 300 studies have provided empirical support for aspects of Erikson's theory.
Social and emotional development in early childhood is critical for school readiness and involves developing skills like self-awareness, self-regulation, and the ability to cooperate with others. Attachment forms between infants and their caregivers through responsive interactions, influencing social and cognitive development. Temperament, referring to innate personality traits like activity level and adaptability, also impacts social development.
This document discusses lifespan development with a focus on social and emotional development from infancy through adulthood. It covers topics like attachment, temperament, emotional development, self-development and regulation, and Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Key findings discussed include the importance of secure attachment for development, the development of basic emotions and self-awareness in the first years, and the influence of parenting and temperament on social-emotional outcomes.
Universal vs conntext.specific develpmentEngr Hassan
The document discusses three key issues in developmental psychology: nature vs nurture, continuity vs discontinuity, and universal vs context-specific development. It then summarizes three major theories: Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory which emphasizes innate stages of cognitive development influenced little by environment; Erikson's psychosocial theory which views development as proceeding through innate psychosocial stages with strong environmental influences; and social cognitive learning theory which sees development as the gradual accumulation of learned behaviors through modeling and reinforcement from the environment.
This document discusses cognitive, emotional, and social development from childhood through adulthood based on theories from Freud, Erickson, and Piaget. It describes key stages of development including trust vs mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs shame and doubt in toddlers, initiative vs guilt in preschoolers, industry vs inferiority in school-aged children, identity vs role confusion in adolescence, intimacy vs isolation in young adults, and integrity vs despair in late adulthood. It also outlines Piaget's stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to concrete to formal operational thought. Dental considerations are discussed for each developmental period.
This one is for the pedo lovers .this is all about child psychology for various theories given and the one most accepted.Students this a bit dry topic but of course interesting one.
The document provides information on prenatal development from conception through birth. It discusses the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages of development. The germinal stage refers to conception through implantation. The embryonic stage is from implantation until 8 weeks. The fetal stage is from 3 months until birth. During these stages the embryo and fetus develop physically, with organs forming before limbs. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta within the amniotic sac.
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Assignment Instruc.docxwilcockiris
I picked Piagets Cognitive Development Theory
Assignment Instructions
In this assignment you will need to create a Prezi or PowerPoint that will highlight the important points of the theory you picked as well as its influence in explaining development. You will want to expand your points from the discussion forum with greater detail in this assignment. The presentation will start with a short introduction of the theory and conclude with why you picked it within the discussion as best explaining development. We will want to have a minimum of a seven slide PPT or Prezi. All references will be listed in APA format.
READING BELOW
Understanding Theories of Child Development
The research and formulation of child development theories have played a major role in the way parents raise their children, understand and nurture their capabilities, and educate them. The theories that have been prominent in the past and current centuries have sought to describe, explain, and predict behaviors, and have had the ultimate goal of trying to improve the welfare of children. Child development theories seek to explain a child’s growth by addressing basic questions or beliefs.
TOPICS COVERED WILL INCLUDE:
· Theoretical Questions in Child Development
· Key Theories of Child Development
· Research Methodologies
· Ethical Concerns and Considerations when Working with Childre
Child Development Theories
· HOW CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES ARE FORMED AND USED
· KEY THEORETICAL QUESTIONS
· RESEARCH
Child development theories allow both research and application to promote optimal growth and development. A theory is an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and endures if based on scientific verification. Theories provide an organizing framework for observations. Once a theory is verified by scientific research, it serves as a basis for practical action. There are many theories in child development and no one theory fully explains all aspects of child development. Today, experts use several different theories as a means of finding the best way to describe, explain and predict children’s behavior.
Child development theories rely upon a few key theoretical questions, including whether development is continuous from birth to adulthood or progresses in distinct stages; whether development is universal or individual; and whether genetics or environment are more critical in child development. These questions have shaped all child development theories, including psychoanalytic, psychosocial, behavioral, social learning, cognitive and social development theories.
Research into child development requires experimentation, using a variety of different methods. Different research methodologies, including observations, case studies and clinical studies provide distinct advantages and disadvantages. All research into child development must be conducted with careful attention to ethical considerations.
Theoretical Questions Guiding the Study of Child Development.
The document discusses several major theories of child development, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Freud believed that children progress through oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. Erikson described stages of trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, and integrity vs despair. Piaget's stages included sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The theories provide frameworks for understanding child development.
The document discusses several major theories of child development, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, and Piaget's cognitive development stages. It provides an overview of the key aspects of each theory, such as the stages, focuses of pleasure, and interactions with the environment according to Freud and Erikson. The theories aim to understand child development and behavior from infancy through adolescence.
The document discusses several theories of child development, including:
1. Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson which describes 8 stages of social development from infancy to late adulthood.
2. Psycho-Sexual Development Theory by Sigmund Freud which proposes 5 stages of libido/sexual development from oral to genital stages.
3. Intellectual Development Theory by Jean Piaget which outlines 4 stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor to formal operations.
The document provides details on the key concepts, stages, and theorists behind several influential theories of child growth and development.
Child psychology is the study of psychological processes in children and how they differ from adults. It examines how children develop cognitively, socially, emotionally, and physically from birth through adolescence. Some key theories in child development include attachment theory, constructivism, psychosexual development, and psychosocial development proposed by theorists like Piaget, Freud, Erikson, and Vygotsky. Researchers study development through various methods like observation, interviews, and longitudinal studies to better understand childhood.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
3. He was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child
development. He is most famously known for his theory
of cognitive development that looked at how children
develop intellectually throughout the course of
childhood.
A
N
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R
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Q
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P
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
4. He was an American psychologist who made significant
contributions through his Constructivist Theory which
generally pointed out that learning is an active process
in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based
on their current/[ast knowledge.
A
N
B
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O
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O
O
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N
5. He was a Russian psychologist known for his work on
psychological development in children. His theory of
language development focused on social learning and
the zone of proximal development (ZPD).
A
N
B
O
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P
D
Q
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I J
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J K
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R
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R
Q
Q
Q
Q
P
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
6. He was a German-American psychologist who’s best-
known work is his theory that each stage of life is
associated with a specific psychological struggle that
contributes to a major aspect of personality.
A
N
B
O
C
P
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A
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N
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N
7. He was an American psychologist who’s theory of
psychological health predicted on fulfilling innate
human needs in priority as depicted in a hierarchy levels
within a pyramid, thus, the ___ Hierarchy of Needs.
A
N
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O
O
N
N
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N
8. He was an American psychologist best known for his
theory of stages of moral development. He suggested
that moral development occurs in a series of 6 stages
and is focused on seeking and maintaining justice.
A
N
B
O
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P
D
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R
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R
Q
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Q
P
P
P
P
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
9. He was an American psychologist best known for his
influence on behaviorism. He developed the theory of
operant conditioning – the idea that behavior is
determined by its consequences, be they be
reinforcements or punishment.
A
N
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E
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O
O
O
O
N
N
N N
R
10. He was an American developmental psychologist best-known
for his theory of multiple intelligences. He believed that the
concept of intelligence was too narrow & measures of IQ often
miss out on other intelligences an individual may possess.
A
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O
C
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N
13. “Stonger language skills means stronger
cognitive skills”
Cognitive Development is an
important aspect of overall
child development. It
generally refers to how we
think, pay attention,
remember and learn.
Language and cognition are
partners in child
development. We use
language to learn new ideas,
to talk about our thoughts
and interact with those
around us.
15. Jean Piaget's theory of
cognitive development
suggests that children move
through four different stages
of mental development. His
theory focuses not only on
understanding how children
acquire knowledge, but also
on understanding the nature
of intelligence
18. Bruner was concerned with
how knowledge is
represented and organized
through different modes of
thinking or representation.
In his research on the
cognitive development of
children, Jerome Bruner
proposed three modes of
representation:
21. Lev Vygotsky’s theory of language
development focused on social
learning and the zone of proximal
development (ZPD). The ZPD is a
level of development obtained
when children engage in social
interactions with others; it is the
distance between a child’s
potential to learn and the actual
learning that takes place.
'[Scaffolding]
refers to the steps
taken to reduce the
degrees of freedom
in carrying out
some task so that
the child can
concentrate on the
24. Erikson believed that personality
developed in a series of stages.
While his theory was impacted
by psychoanalyst Sigmund
Freud's work, Erikson's theory
centered on psychosocial
development rather than
psychosexual development.
Unlike Freud's theory of
psychosexual stages, however,
Erikson's theory described the
impact of social experience
across the whole lifespan.
Erikson was interested in how
social interaction and
relationships played a role in
the development and growth of
human beings.
25. Psychosocial Stages: A Summary Chart
Age Conflict Important Events Outcome
Infancy (birth to 18 months) Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Hope
Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Training Will
Preschool (3 to 5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Purpose
School Age (6 to 11 years) Industry vs. Inferiority School Confidence
Adolescence (12 to 18 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion Social Relationships Fidelity
Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Relationships Love
Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Generativity vs. Stagnation Work and Parenthood Care
Maturity (65 to death) Ego Integrity vs. Despair Reflection on Life Wisdom
26. STAGE OUTCOMES
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Occurs between birth and 1 year of age and is the
most fundamental stage in life. Because an infant is
utterly dependent, developing trust is based on the
dependability and quality of the child's caregivers.
If a child successfully develops trust, the child will
feel safe and secure. Caregivers who are
inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting
contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children
under their care. Failure to develop trust will result in
fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and
unpredictable.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Takes place during early childhood and is focused
on children developing a greater sense of personal
control.
Children who struggle and who are shamed for their
accidents may be left without a sense of personal
control. Success during this stage of psychosocial
development leads to feelings of autonomy; failure
results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Takes place during the preschool years. At this point
in psychosocial development, children begin to
assert their power and control over the world
through directing play and other social interactions.
The major theme of the third stage of psychosocial
development is that children need to begin asserting
control and power over the environment. Success in
this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who
try to exert too much power experience disapproval,
resulting in a sense of guilt.
27. STAGE OUTCOMES
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Takes place during the early school years from
approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social
interactions, children begin to develop a sense of
pride in their accomplishments and abilities.
Children who are encouraged and commended by
parents and teachers develop a feeling of
competence and belief in their skills. Those who
receive little or no encouragement from parents,
teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be
successful.
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion
Takes place during the often turbulent teenage
years. This stage plays an essential role in
developing a sense of personal identity which will
continue to influence behavior and development for
the rest of a person's life. Teens need to develop a
sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to
an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads
to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Those who receive proper encouragement and
reinforcement through personal exploration will
emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self
and feelings of independence and control. Those
who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will
feel insecure and confused about themselves and
the future.
28. STAGE OUTCOMES
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Young adults need to form intimate, loving
relationships with other people. Success leads to
strong relationships, while failure results in
loneliness and isolation. This stage covers the
period of early adulthood when people are exploring
personal relationships.
Erikson believed it was vital that people develop
close, committed relationships with other people.
Those who are successful at this step will form
relationships that are enduring and secure.
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Adults need to create or nurture things that will
outlast them, often by having children or creating a
positive change that benefits other people. Success
leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment,
while failure results in shallow involvement in the
world.
During adulthood, we continue to build our lives,
focusing on our career and family. Those who are
successful during this phase will feel that they are
contributing to the world by being active in their
home and community. Those who fail to attain this
skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the
world.
29. STAGE OUTCOMES
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair
The final psychosocial stage occurs during old age
and is focused on reflecting back on life. At this point
in development, people look back on the events of
their lives and determine if they are happy with the
life that they lived or if they regret the things they did
or didn't do.
Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will
feel that their life has been wasted and may
experience many regrets. The person will be left
with feelings of bitterness and despair.
31. Abraham Maslow is considered
to be the Father of Humanistic
Psychology. His theory is
premised on the philosophies of
humanism and existentialism
that proposed that it is the
unique experience of the
individual that is the most
important phenomenon in the
study and analysis of human
behavior.
As a leader of humanistic
psychology, Abraham Maslow
approached the study of
personality psychology by
focusing on subjective
experiences and free will. He
was mainly concerned with an
individual's innate drive toward
self-actualization—a state of
fulfillment in which a person is
achieving at his or her highest
level of capability.
32. Abraham Maslow
developed a human
hierarchy of needs that is
conceptualized as a
pyramid to represent how
people move from one
level of needs to another.
First physiological needs
must be met before safety
needs, then the need for
love and belonging, then
esteem, and finally self-
actualization.
34. Kohlberg's theory of moral
development is a theory that
focuses on how children develop
morality and moral reasoning.
Kohlberg's theory suggests that
moral development occurs in a
series of six stages. The theory
also suggests that moral logic is
primarily focused on seeking
and maintaining justice.
Kohlberg based his theory on
a series of moral dilemmas
presented to his study subjects.
Participants were also
interviewed to determine the
reasoning behind their
judgments in each scenario.
He was not interested so much
in the answer to whether Heinz
was wrong or right but in
the reasoning for each
participant's decision. He then
classified their reasoning into
the stages of his theory of moral
development
37. Skinner believed in the idea that
behavior is determined by its
consequences, be they
reinforcements or punishments,
which make it more or less likely
that the behavior will occur
again.
He believed that learning is a
process of ‘conditioning’ in an
environment of stimulus,
reward and punishment.
Skinner explains the difference
between informal learning,
which occurs naturally, and
formal education, which
depends on the teacher
creating optimal patterns of
stimulus and response (reward
and publishment), or ‘operant
conditioning’:
40. KEY POINTS
• Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are
not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.
• This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one single type of
intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for general intelligence, that only
focuses on cognitive abilities.
• To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight different
types of intelligences consisting
of: Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-
Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
• Gardner notes that the linguistic and logical-mathematical modalities are
most typed valued in school and society.
• Gardner also suggests that there may other “candidate” intelligences—such as
spiritual intelligence, existential intelligence, and moral intelligence—but does
not believe these meet his original inclusion criteria. (Gardner, 2011).
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