AGRICULTURE

1. The AGRICULTURE that
EXTENSION HOPES TO ACHIEVE
• From farming as a way of life to
farming as business
• From traditional agriculture to
modern agriculture
• From exhaustive agriculture to
sustainable agriculture

2. Paradigm of Traditional Agriculture
Weather & Climate
- Rainfall patterns
- Typhoon
occurrence
- El Niño/La Niña
- etc.
Land & other Natural
Resources
- Water
- Plants
-Animals
- etc.
Indigenous
Knowledge
and Practices
People/Human
Resources
- Small holder farmers
(lowland, upland, hilly
land)
- etc.

3. Paradigm of Modern Agriculture
Weather
and
Climate
Infrastruc
tures
People/
Human
Resources
Land and
Other
Natural
Resources
Policies and
Institutions
Knowledge
and
Technology

4. INPUTS TO MODERN FARMING
Knowledge
skills
Incentives
Technology
From the
Economy
From the
Farmer
From the Land
The Farm
Business
Fertilizer
Seeds Pesticides
Tools &
implements
Power
Transportation
Natural
Solar energy
soil nutrients
Moisture
Air & Soil
Temperature
Weather
Man-added
Irrigation
Accumulated
fertility
Management
Labor

5. 1. DYNAMIC society that
WELCOMES INNOVATION and
CHANGE
2. Highly PRODUCTIVE and
COMPETITIVE because it USES
MODERN PRODUCTION and
MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

6. Natures . . .
3. Manned by an ENTERPRISING
TILLER who exercises his RIGHT TO
CHOOSE what TECHNOLOGY to
apply, what CROPS to raise and
where, and to WHOM TO SELL his
produce to get the HIGHEST
RETURNS.

7. . . . one that OVER A LONG TERM, ENHANCES
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY and the RESOURCE
BASE on which AGRICULTURE DEPENDS. . .
ECONOMICALLY VIABLE . . . ENHANCES the
QUALITY OF LIFE for FARMERS and SOCIETY as a
whole.
American Society of Agronomy, 1989

8. . . . farming systems that are capable of
MAINTAINING their PRODUCTIVITY and
USEFULNESS to society INDEFINITELY.
. . . must be RESOURCE-CONSERVING, SOCIALLY
SUPPORTIVE, and ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND.
Ikerd in Duesterhaus, 1990

9. . . . a way of farming that can be CARRIED OUT
FOR GENERATIONS to come . . . COMBINES
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION with WISE
STEWARDSHIP of EARTH’S RESOURCES.
It hopes to:
• MEET HUMAN NEEDS for food and fibre
• PROTECT the NATURAL RESOURCE BASE and
PREVENT DEGRADATION of SOIL and WATER
QUALITY.

10. • USE non renewable RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY
• USE NATURAL BIOLOGICAL cycles and controls
• ASSURE the ECONOMIC SURVIVAL of farming
and the WELL-BEING of farmers and their
families
D.F. Acton and L.J.
Gregorich, 1995

11. • SURVIVAL
Keeping community ALIVE main
requirement is SUFFICIENT FOOD and
the means to achieve this end is
AGRICULTURE

12. • ECOLOGICALLY ACCEPTABLE
PRODUCTION
everything removed is then
replaced so as not to harm the
ecological system.

13. • THRIVING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
ORDER
Production structures and
relationships ensure a fair distribution
of income, power, and opportunities,
thus providing the basis for social
peace.

14. • LONG-TERM CARRYING CAPACITY OF
REGIONS
Where there is no negative impact
on the environment.
Kuhnen, Frithjof, 1992.