The document summarizes key aspects of the Swedish tax system. It provides statistics on Sweden's GDP and public sector revenues and expenditures. It shows that total tax revenues in Sweden as a percentage of GDP have generally increased since 1966 and are higher than the EU average. The document also outlines the different types of taxes in Sweden classified by national accounts, including indirect taxes, direct taxes, and social security taxes. It indicates that a majority of taxes in Sweden are collected by central government rather than state or local governments. Finally, it compares tax bases across OECD countries.
1. O documento fornece informações técnicas sobre os inversores de frequência da Toshiba, descrevendo várias de suas funções, como parada de emergência, monitoramento de variáveis, operação monofásica e a três fios.
2. É explicado que os inversores atendem aos requisitos de segurança IEC/EN61508 SIL2 e EN954-1 categoria três, suportando os modos de parada definidos em IEC/EN61800-5-2.
3. A função EEPROM é descrita como armazenando
taux impôt sur les sociétés 36 10
série de révision n° 3 (impôt sur les sociétés)
impot sur les sociétés 3 3
contribution additionnelle à l'impôt sur les sociétés 3
impot sur les sociétés cac 40
majoration 5 impot sur les sociétés
contribution exceptionnelle 5 impôt sur les sociétés
impot sur les sociétés 8
impôt sur les sociétés (cf. page 9 de la notice 2032)
1. O documento fornece informações técnicas sobre os inversores de frequência da Toshiba, descrevendo várias de suas funções, como parada de emergência, monitoramento de variáveis, operação monofásica e a três fios.
2. É explicado que os inversores atendem aos requisitos de segurança IEC/EN61508 SIL2 e EN954-1 categoria três, suportando os modos de parada definidos em IEC/EN61800-5-2.
3. A função EEPROM é descrita como armazenando
taux impôt sur les sociétés 36 10
série de révision n° 3 (impôt sur les sociétés)
impot sur les sociétés 3 3
contribution additionnelle à l'impôt sur les sociétés 3
impot sur les sociétés cac 40
majoration 5 impot sur les sociétés
contribution exceptionnelle 5 impôt sur les sociétés
impot sur les sociétés 8
impôt sur les sociétés (cf. page 9 de la notice 2032)
The German taxation system differs from the Indian system in several key ways:
1) Taxes in Germany are levied by the federal government, state governments, and municipalities, while India has a three-tier system of central, state, and local governments.
2) Germany taxes worldwide income of residents while India only taxes income generated within the country.
3) Major taxes include income tax, corporate tax, VAT/GST, and inheritance/gift tax in both countries but the rates and structures vary.
4) Germany has a progressive income tax rate up to 45% while India has slab-based rates.
5) Both systems provide some tax incentives but Germany incentivizes specific industries while India focuses on
1) Enel reported 2012 revenues of €84.9 billion, up 6.8% from 2011. EBITDA declined 4.9% to €16.7 billion due to lower results in generation and energy management in Italy.
2) Net income fell sharply to €865 million due to one-off losses, but ordinary net income declined more modestly by 14.9% to €3.455 billion.
3) Presentations will provide an update on Enel's 2013-2017 strategy and financial targets as well as discuss 2012 results and priorities for business divisions.
View from paper industry: energy management, Laurent De Munck, Cobelpa, BelgiumEuropeanPaper
This document discusses energy efficiency in the Belgian pulp and paper industry. It outlines voluntary agreements from 2000-2012 where companies committed to targets for improving energy efficiency. These agreements helped the industry reduce its energy intensity index by 35% over this period. It also increased the share of cogeneration which supplies steam in a more efficient way. Going forward, the document proposes continuing voluntary agreements from 2013-2020 with a focus on renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable products and reducing the carbon footprint over the full life cycle of paper products.
1) Pivot tables allow users to efficiently track expenses by automatically adjusting formulas when data is added or removed. This prevents calculation errors unlike static tables that require manual formula updates.
2) Pivot tables enable identification of alarming expense trends over time by facilitating comparisons of year-to-date and monthly expenses across years.
3) Differences observed between years can indicate over or under budget expenses and help pinpoint which specific expense categories are driving changes.
Bratislava, 20. jún 2012 – Podľa tohtoročnej štúdie New Direction – The Foundation for European Reform a Institut Économique Molinari Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 27 pripadol deň daňového oslobodenia na Slovensku na 21. jún. Oproti minulému roku je to zhoršenie o 6 dní, keďže deň daňového oslobodenia bol v minulom roku 15. júna. Dôvodom je podľa autorov štúdie zvýšenie daňovo-odvodovej záťaže priemerného slovenského zamestnanca k mzdovým nákladom z úrovne 45,2% v roku 2011 o takmer dva percentuálne body na takmer 47% v tomto roku. Viac na www.konzervativizmus.sk
This document provides a summary of tax burdens for typical workers in the EU-27 countries in 2011. The main results showed that taxes are rising in Europe and are largely invisible to employees. Countries with flat tax policies saw some tax relief for workers, but total taxes remained higher than in countries with progressive tax systems. Belgium had the highest tax burden, while Cyprus had the lowest. The document defines key terms, outlines the methodology, and provides tax data and calculations for each EU country.
Podľa aktuálnej štúdie The Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 27 v Európskej únii rastie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie zamestnancov. Najnižšie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie zamestnancov a najskorší dátum dňa daňovej slobody má Cyprus a najvyššie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie na priemerného zamestnanca a najneskorší termín dňa daňovej slobody má Belgicko. Slovensko sa v rebríčku krajín EÚ umiestnilo na 16. mieste. Viac na www.konzervativizmus.sk
Labour Cost Survey
Foreign Trade of Goods
Production in construction Spain
Job vacancy rate in the EU
Producer prices of industrial products
Global Digital Quality of Life Index
Spain has achieved significant success in developing eGovernment over the past 15 years. By 2010, 92.5% of government procedures were available online, equivalent to 99% of total case volume. Laws and regulations established a legal framework and promoted collaboration, shared services, and interoperability. Surveys found high citizen and business satisfaction with eGovernment services. Looking ahead, Spain aims to further optimize resources, increase usage of eGovernment, and reduce administrative burdens through a paperless public administration by 2015.
Pension Insurance Company Veritas delivered strong growth in the year 2022. Veritas’ premiums written grew by 13.4 per cent, to nearly EUR 700 million. At the end of the year, Veritas provided insurance cover for nearly 68 000 employees and over 14 000 entrepreneurs.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
The German taxation system differs from the Indian system in several key ways:
1) Taxes in Germany are levied by the federal government, state governments, and municipalities, while India has a three-tier system of central, state, and local governments.
2) Germany taxes worldwide income of residents while India only taxes income generated within the country.
3) Major taxes include income tax, corporate tax, VAT/GST, and inheritance/gift tax in both countries but the rates and structures vary.
4) Germany has a progressive income tax rate up to 45% while India has slab-based rates.
5) Both systems provide some tax incentives but Germany incentivizes specific industries while India focuses on
1) Enel reported 2012 revenues of €84.9 billion, up 6.8% from 2011. EBITDA declined 4.9% to €16.7 billion due to lower results in generation and energy management in Italy.
2) Net income fell sharply to €865 million due to one-off losses, but ordinary net income declined more modestly by 14.9% to €3.455 billion.
3) Presentations will provide an update on Enel's 2013-2017 strategy and financial targets as well as discuss 2012 results and priorities for business divisions.
View from paper industry: energy management, Laurent De Munck, Cobelpa, BelgiumEuropeanPaper
This document discusses energy efficiency in the Belgian pulp and paper industry. It outlines voluntary agreements from 2000-2012 where companies committed to targets for improving energy efficiency. These agreements helped the industry reduce its energy intensity index by 35% over this period. It also increased the share of cogeneration which supplies steam in a more efficient way. Going forward, the document proposes continuing voluntary agreements from 2013-2020 with a focus on renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable products and reducing the carbon footprint over the full life cycle of paper products.
1) Pivot tables allow users to efficiently track expenses by automatically adjusting formulas when data is added or removed. This prevents calculation errors unlike static tables that require manual formula updates.
2) Pivot tables enable identification of alarming expense trends over time by facilitating comparisons of year-to-date and monthly expenses across years.
3) Differences observed between years can indicate over or under budget expenses and help pinpoint which specific expense categories are driving changes.
Bratislava, 20. jún 2012 – Podľa tohtoročnej štúdie New Direction – The Foundation for European Reform a Institut Économique Molinari Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 27 pripadol deň daňového oslobodenia na Slovensku na 21. jún. Oproti minulému roku je to zhoršenie o 6 dní, keďže deň daňového oslobodenia bol v minulom roku 15. júna. Dôvodom je podľa autorov štúdie zvýšenie daňovo-odvodovej záťaže priemerného slovenského zamestnanca k mzdovým nákladom z úrovne 45,2% v roku 2011 o takmer dva percentuálne body na takmer 47% v tomto roku. Viac na www.konzervativizmus.sk
This document provides a summary of tax burdens for typical workers in the EU-27 countries in 2011. The main results showed that taxes are rising in Europe and are largely invisible to employees. Countries with flat tax policies saw some tax relief for workers, but total taxes remained higher than in countries with progressive tax systems. Belgium had the highest tax burden, while Cyprus had the lowest. The document defines key terms, outlines the methodology, and provides tax data and calculations for each EU country.
Podľa aktuálnej štúdie The Tax Burden of Typical Workers in the EU 27 v Európskej únii rastie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie zamestnancov. Najnižšie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie zamestnancov a najskorší dátum dňa daňovej slobody má Cyprus a najvyššie daňovo-odvodové zaťaženie na priemerného zamestnanca a najneskorší termín dňa daňovej slobody má Belgicko. Slovensko sa v rebríčku krajín EÚ umiestnilo na 16. mieste. Viac na www.konzervativizmus.sk
Labour Cost Survey
Foreign Trade of Goods
Production in construction Spain
Job vacancy rate in the EU
Producer prices of industrial products
Global Digital Quality of Life Index
Spain has achieved significant success in developing eGovernment over the past 15 years. By 2010, 92.5% of government procedures were available online, equivalent to 99% of total case volume. Laws and regulations established a legal framework and promoted collaboration, shared services, and interoperability. Surveys found high citizen and business satisfaction with eGovernment services. Looking ahead, Spain aims to further optimize resources, increase usage of eGovernment, and reduce administrative burdens through a paperless public administration by 2015.
Pension Insurance Company Veritas delivered strong growth in the year 2022. Veritas’ premiums written grew by 13.4 per cent, to nearly EUR 700 million. At the end of the year, Veritas provided insurance cover for nearly 68 000 employees and over 14 000 entrepreneurs.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
The swedish tax system
1. THE SWEDISH TAX
SYSTEM
Dr Erik Norrman
Department of Economics
School of Economics and Management
2. Contents
A global view
The structure of the Swedish tax system
Collection, filing and control system
Challenges
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 2
3. The Swedish Tax System
- a Global View…
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 3
4. GDP of Sweden in 2002
Billions per capita per capita PPP
GDP ($) 240 $24,700 $26,000
GDP SEK 2339
Public sector: %
Revenues 1195 51
Taxes 854 37
Social security contributions 341 15
Expenditures 1240 53
Transfers 584 25
Public consumption 656 28
Source: Tax Statistical Yearbook
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 4
5. Total tax revenues in Sweden, EU
and OECD, 1966-2000, % of GDP
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 5
6. Taxes classified according to national accounts, 2001
Sweden EU
Indirect taxes 16,9 14,0
VAT 9,0 7,0
Excise duties 3,2 2,5
Other 4,7 4,5
Direct taxes 22,3 14,0
Individuals 17,6 10,1
Legal entities 3,7 2,6
Other 1,0 1,3
Social security 14,9 13,1
Employer´s contribution 11,6 7,4
General social security contributions 3,0 4,2
Self employes 0,3 1,5
Total 54,1 41,2
Source: Eurostat 2003
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 6
7. Taxes by receiving administrative level
percent of all taxes, 2001
70,0
60,0
50,0
Sweden
EU 15
40,0
%
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
Central government State government Local government Social security funds EU institutions
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 7
8. Tax bases in OECD countries
Source: OECD Revenue Statistics in Member Countries 1999
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Sweden
Norway
Netherlands
Italy
Germany
France
Finland
Denmark
Belgium
Austria
Japan
Australia
United States
Canada
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Operating surplus for Spain does only include corporate profits
Consumption Labor Operating surplus
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 8
9. Deviation from average effective tax rate on labor (1999)
Source : European Economy EC Commission 2000
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
%-points
0,0
y
y
K
al
en
d
nd
in
a
g
e
um
s
e
k
l
an
nd
ar
n
ec
ur
ri
nc
U
Ita
g
a
ed
la
la
st
tu
Sp
gi
m
bo
m
rla
re
a
Ire
n
Au
r
l
Fr
Sw
en
Be
er
Fi
Po
G
m
he
G
D
xe
et
-5,0
Lu
N
-10,0
-15,0
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 9
10. Deviation from average effective tax rate on capital (1999)
Source: European Economy EC Commission 2000
15,0
10,0
5,0
%-points
0,0
y
y
K
nd
en
al
nd
a
in
um
g
e
e
s
k
l
an
nd
ar
ec
ri
nc
ur
U
Ita
g
a
la
ed
la
st
tu
Sp
gi
m
bo
m
re
rla
a
n
Au
Ire
r
l
Fr
Sw
en
Be
er
Fi
Po
G
m
he
G
D
xe
et
Lu
N
-5,0
-10,0
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 10
11. Deviation from average effective tax rate on consumption (1999)
Source: European Economy EC Commission 2000
10,0
8,0
6,0
4,0
%-points
2,0
0,0
K
ly
ain
en
e
ce
y
nd
d
ia
um
k
l
g
ga
ds
U
an
ec
ar
Ita
lan
str
ur
an
ed
nla
Sp
lan
rtu
nm
lgi
re
m
bo
Au
Ire
Fr
Sw
Be
Fi
G
er
Po
er
m
De
G
-2,0
th
xe
Ne
Lu
-4,0
-6,0
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 11
12. The Structure of the
Swedish Tax System…
The Personal Income Tax
Social Security Contributions
The Corporate Income Tax
Real Estate Taxation
Wealth Taxation
Indirect Taxation
Transaction Taxes
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 12
13. Taxes in percent of GDP
Social security
Indirect taxes
Direct taxes
Erik Norrman - School of Economics and Management 13
14. Taxation in Sweden year 2002, BSEK
300
Taxes on labor
Taxes on capital
118 Taxes on goods and
757 services
26%
10%
64%
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16. The Personal Income Tax
National tax on earned income
- progressive
Local tax on earned income
- proportional
National tax on capital income
- proportional
World-wide basis applies
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17. The Dual Income Tax
Paid on income shares
60%
above $40,000
50%
National tax on capital
40% income
National tax on earned
30%
income
20% Local tax on earned
income
10%
0%
Earned income Capital income
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18. Earned Income
Income from employment
- wage income
- benefits in kind assessed at market value
Income from business activities
- as self-employed
- as a partner in a partnership
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19. Family Taxation
Spouses as well as children are taxed
separately for all income
No spouse allowances
No children allowances
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20. Deductions
No standard deductions
Itemised expenditures exceeding
SEK 1,000 may be deducted
Commuting expenses exceeding
SEK 7,000 may be deducted
Pension contributions up to
SEK 19,000 is deductible
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21. Capital Income
+ Interest payments received
+ Dividends received
+ Capital gains realised during the year
- Interest expenses deductible
= Capital income
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23. Social Security Contributions
Employer´s contributions
(pension, health, on the job accidence etc)
33 percent
Additional negotiated pension fees
Employee pension contribution
7 percent (75% of fee is credited against
income tax)
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24. The Corporate Income Tax
Tax rate 28 percent
Classical double taxation
Special rules apply to closely held
companies
Inter-company dividends tax-exempt as
well as capital gains on unlisted companies
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25. Institutional Investment
Life-insurance companies and Pension
funds are taxed on a notional basis
Mutual funds and investment companies
pay taxes on net interest and dividends
received. Capital gains are tax exempt but
a notional return is calculated (1,5%-2,0%)
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26. Real Estate
Owner-occupied houses:
1,0% of an assessed value equal to 75%
of the market value is paid as property
tax
Other real estate:
0,5% of an assessed value
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27. Other Capital Taxes
Net wealth tax
1% of the value above
- 1,5 MSEK for individuals and
- 2,0 MSEK for spouses
No tax on ”working capital” in unlisted firms or
OTC-stocks
Inheritance and gift taxes
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28. Indirect Taxation - VAT
The tax base is harmonised within the EU
Tax exempt services are:
- Medicare
- Public education
- Social care
- Financial intermediation
- Insurances
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29. VAT - Rates
Normal rate 25% (exclusive basis)
Cultural activities, books and newspapers 6%
Personal transportation and foodstuff 12%
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31. Transaction Taxes
On purchase of real estate
- individuals 1,5% of acquisition value
- legal entities 3,0% of acquisition value
Stamp duty on collaterals for mortgage
loans 2%
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32. Collection of Income Taxes - Individuals
Income year Year of assessment
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. Preliminary income tax on wage and is withheld by
employer each month during the income year
2. The next month the employer pays the withheld amount to
the Tax Administration
3. In January (the assessment year) information is sent to the
Tax Administration including total income and tax
withheld for each individual
4. Filing by individual
5. Final tax is calculated and sent to individual. Preliminary
tax is deducted
33. Collection of Income Taxes - Firms
Income year Year of assessment
1. 2. 3.
1. Preliminary income tax based on last years profit or an
expected profit is paid each month to the Tax
Administration
2. Filing by company/individual for business activity
3. Final tax is calculated and sent to company/individual.
Preliminary tax is deducted
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34. Collection of VAT
+ Value added taxes on sales
- Value added taxes on purchases
= Amount to be paid or repaid
Payments are made in March for VAT
in January and so on
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35. Employers set up one declaration for all taxes
Collection Month: May 2004 Company name: Firm AB
Registratio no: 556123-4567
Social security Value Added Taxes
Wage sum 1,000,000 VAT on sales 25% + 2,500,000
Fees 33% 330,000 VAT on sales 12% + 0
VAT on sales 6% + 0
Withheld income taxes VAT on purchases EU + 0
Sum of taxes 295,000 VAT on purchases - 900,000
Amount to pay = 1,600,000
Specification of sales
Within Sweden 10,000,000
Tax exempt sales 0
Exports 250,000
Total amount to pay: 2,225,000 EU goods 700,000
EU Services 0
36. Tax Accounts
Each individual and each company
has a separate tax account
All taxes are debited the account
All payments are credited the account
A positive balance is paid out to the
holder of the account
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37. Challenges in the Future
- Short Term Perspective (1-5 years)
Domestic distortions
- Labor supply of low-income individuals
- Problems with the Dual Income Tax
International tax competition
- Mobile tax bases (firms, financial capital and well-
educated labor)
- Cross-border shopping
Compliance
- Black market activities
- International tax evasion
38. Challenges in the Future
- Long-run Perspective (5 years -)
Demographic development causes pressure on
expenditures
Demographic development unfavorable for tax
base expansion
What kind of tax structure sustains economic
growth?
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