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The Study of Agreement of
collocation in Quran and its
Translation.
The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approached to
Language Teaching, Literature and Translation Studies
Presenter: Elham Akhlaghi
‫آیی‬ ‫باهم‬
‫پدیده‬‫با‬‫هم‬،‫آیی‬‫شامل‬‫همنشینی‬،‫ها‬‫ترکیبات‬‫و‬
‫اصطالحاتی‬‫است‬‫که‬‫حاصل‬‫کاربرد‬‫قواعد‬‫واژه‬‫سازی‬‫و‬
ّ‫م‬‫ش‬‫زبانی‬‫سخنگویان‬‫است‬‫و‬‫در‬‫گونه‬‫های‬‫مختلف‬‫ز‬‫بانی‬
‫هر‬‫زبانی‬‫رایج‬‫است‬.
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫تحقیق‬ ‫هدف‬
‫پرداختن‬‫به‬‫مسائل‬‫ترجمه‬‫و‬‫یافتن‬
‫معادل‬‫های‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫قرآن‬‫در‬‫زبان‬‫عربی‬‫و‬
،‫فارسی‬‫مسئله‬‫مورد‬‫توجه‬‫در‬‫این‬‫پژوه‬‫ش‬
‫است‬.
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫پیشینه‬
-‫فرث‬
-‫فرامکین‬
-‫باطنی‬
-‫عاصی‬
-‫افراشی‬
-‫پناهی‬
-.....
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫تحقیق‬ ‫روش‬
‫رویکرد‬‫بسامد‬‫محور‬‫یا‬‫آماری‬:‫بدین‬‫معنا‬‫که‬‫اگر‬‫به‬‫لح‬‫اظ‬
،‫آماری‬‫بسامد‬‫هم‬‫وقوعی‬‫قابل‬‫توجهی‬‫بین‬‫دو‬‫واژه‬‫یا‬‫بیشت‬‫ر‬‫در‬
‫یک‬‫فاصلة‬‫مشخص‬(2‫تا‬4‫فاصله‬)‫وجود‬‫داشته‬،‫باشد‬‫این‬
‫جفت‬‫واژگان‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫محسوب‬‫می‬‫شوند‬.
‫انواع‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ها‬‫از‬‫متن‬‫فارسی‬‫و‬‫عربی‬‫قرآن‬‫استخراج‬‫شده‬‫ا‬‫ند‬‫و‬
‫سپس‬‫مواردی‬‫که‬‫هماهنگی‬‫بین‬‫دو‬‫متن‬‫از‬‫لحاظ‬‫وجود‬
‫باهمایی‬‫مشاهده‬،‫نشد‬‫در‬‫جداول‬‫مجزایی‬‫گردآوری‬‫گردید‬.
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫آیی‬ ‫باهم‬ ‫انواع‬
‫مهم‬‫ترین‬‫روابط‬‫مفهومی‬‫موجود‬‫در‬‫سطح‬‫واژگانی‬‫که‬‫در‬‫این‬
‫پژوهش‬‫از‬‫آن‬‫ها‬‫استفاده‬‫شده‬،‫است‬‫به‬‫این‬‫ترتیب‬‫است‬:
‫شمول‬‫معنایی‬(hyponymy)‫مانند‬‫مفهوم‬‫واژۀ‬«‫گل‬»‫که‬‫مفهوم‬
‫واژه‬‫های‬«‫الله‬»،«‫سنبل‬»،«‫میخک‬»‫و‬‫جز‬‫آن‬‫را‬‫دربرمی‬‫گیرد‬.
‫جزء‬‫واژگی‬(Metonymy)‫مانند‬‫رابطه‬‫دست‬‫با‬‫بازو‬.
‫عضو‬‫واژگی‬(Member-collection)‫مانند‬‌‫ه‬‫رابط‬‫اسب‬‫نسبت‬‫به‬‫گله‬.
‫‌معنایی‬‫م‬‫ه‬(‫ترادف‬Synonymy)‫مانند‬‫زیبا‬/‫قشنگ‬.
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
...
-‫تقابل‬‫معنایی‬‫که‬‫انواع‬‫مختلفی‬‫دارد‬‫از‬‫جمله‬‫تقابل‬‫مدرج‬(‫پیر‬/‫جوان‬)،‫ت‬‫قابل‬
‫مکمل‬(‫زنده‬/‫مرده‬)،‫تقابل‬‫دوسویه‬(‫خرید‬/‫فروش‬)،‫تقابل‬‫جهتی‬(‫رفتن‬/‫آم‬‫دن‬)،
‫تقابل‬‫خطی‬(،‫شمال‬،‫جنوب‬‫شرق‬‫و‬‫غرب‬)،‫تقابل‬‫متقاطر‬(‫روابط‬‫خانوادگی‬)،
‫تقابل‬‫ضمنی‬(‫فیل‬/‫فنجان‬)،‫تقابل‬‫معنایی‬(‫میان‬‫مفهوم‬‫چند‬‫واژه‬‫در‬‫یک‬‌‫ه‬‫حوز‬
‫معنایی‬)،‫تقابل‬‫واژگانی‬(‫افزوده‬‫شدن‬‫تکواژهای‬‫منفی‬‫ساز‬‫مانند‬«‫نا‬»،«‫ب‬‫ی‬»،
«‫غیر‬»‫به‬‫کلمه‬)‫و‬‫تقابل‬‫مرتبه‬(‫مجموعه‬‫اعداد‬‫طبیعی‬).
 gradable opposition
 complementary opposition
 symmetrical opposition
 directional opposition
 connotational opposition
 Semantic contrast http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
...
‫رابطه‬‫وسیله‬‫و‬‫ابزار‬‫مثل‬‫چکش‬/‫نجاری‬.
‌‫ه‬‫رابط‬‫جنسی‬‫مانند‬‫گردنبند‬/‫طال‬.
‫رابطه‬‫مکانی‬‫مانند‬‫صفا‬/‫مروه‬.
‫رابطه‬ّ‫ل‬‫ع‬‫ی‬‫مانند‬‫دود‬/‫آتش‬.
‫رابطه‬‫صفتی‬(‫اسنادی‬)‫مانند‬‫بیضاء‬/‫ید‬.
‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫حوزه‬‫ای‬‫مانند‬،‫زمین‬،‫ماه‬،‫خورشید‬،‫مریخ‬‫ستاره‬‫و‬
‫جز‬‫آن‬‫که‬‫در‬‫حوزه‬‫اجرام‬‫سماوی‬‫قرار‬‫می‬‫گیرند‬.
‫رابطه‬‫زمان‬‫مثل‬‫صبح‬/‫صبحانه‬.http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫تعداد‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫تعداد‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫تعداد‬
‫تقابل‌ضمن‬‫ی‬25‫تقابل‌متقاطر‬18‫مضاعف‬‫سازی‬28
‫تقابل‌معنای‬‫ی‬157‫تقابل‌واژگانی‬19‫باهم‬‫آیی‌علی‬8
‫تقابل‌مکم‬‫ل‬676‫هم‬‫معنایی‬204‫باهم‬‌‫آیی‬
‫حجمی‬
33
‫تقابل‌مدرج‬51‫جزء‬‫واژگی‬23‫باهم‬‫آیی‌حوزه‬-
‫ای‬
437
‫تقابل‌رابط‬‫ه‬-
‫ای‬
120‫اسنادی‬479‫باهم‬‫آیی‌زمانی‬138
‌‫تقابل‬
‫دوسویه‬
15‫شمول‌معنایی‬140‫باهم‬‫آیی‌نبوی‬169
‫تقابل‌جهتی‬19‫باهم‬‫آیی‌صفتی‬1351‫باهم‬‫آیی‌مکان‬‫ی‬9
‫تقابل‌خطی‬34‫تقابل‌یک‬‫سوی‬‫ه‬1‫باهم‬‌‫آیی‬
‫جنسی‬
11
‫تقابل‌مرتب‬‫ه‬-
‫ای‬
8‫اتباع‬5‫مجموع‬4185
‫یکی‬‫از‬‫عوامل‬‫انسجام‬‫متن‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫است‬‫که‬‫در‬‫بخش‬‫قبل‬‫به‬‫انواع‬‫آن‬‫اشاره‬‫ش‬‫د‬.
‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫های‬‫کل‬114‫سوره‬‫قرآن‬‫به‬‫صورت‬‫مجزا‬‫استخراج‬‫شد‬.‫که‬‫به‬‫علت‬‫کمبود‬‫ف‬‫ضا‬
‫تنها‬‫بسامد‬‫وقوع‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ها‬‫ذکر‬‫می‬‫شود‬:
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫گیری‬ ‫نتیجه‬
‫در‬‫مجموع‬‫آیات‬،‫قرآن‬286‫مورد‬‫عدم‬‫تقارن‬‫بین‬‫متن‬‫قرآن‬‫و‬‫ترجمه‬‫فارسی‬‫آن‬
‫وجود‬‫دارد‬.‫دسته‬‫اول‬‫مربوط‬‫به‬‫وجود‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫در‬‫قرآن‬‫و‬‫عدم‬‫وجود‬‫آن‬‫در‬‫زبان‬
‫فارسی‬‫می‬‫شود‬‫و‬‫مترجم‬‫با‬‫ترجمه‬‫لفظ‬‫به‬‫لفظ‬‫این‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫سعی‬‫در‬‫انتقال‬‫مفهوم‬
‫کرده‬،‫است‬‫مانند‬«َّ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫َى‬‫و‬ْ‫ل‬َّ‫س‬‫َال‬‫و‬»‫که‬‫معادل‬«‫ترنجبین‬‫و‬‫بلدرچین‬»‫برای‬‫آن‬
‫برگزیده‬‫شده‬‫است‬‫و‬‫پرواضح‬‫است‬‫که‬‫در‬‫فارسی‬ً‫ا‬‫لزوم‬‫این‬‫دو‬‫به‬‫عنوان‬‫واژگان‬‫هم‬-
‫آیند‬‫درنظر‬‫گرفته‬‫نمی‬‫شوند‬.‫البته‬‫تعداد‬‫این‬‫موارد‬‫بسیار‬‫اندك‬‫و‬‫کم‬‫تر‬‫ا‬‫ز‬10‫مورد‬
‫است‬.‫در‬‫سایر‬‫موارد‬‫کلمه‬‫ای‬‫بسیط‬‫در‬‫زبان‬‫قرآن‬‫به‬‫صورت‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ترجمه‬‫ش‬‫ده‬
‫است‬.‫به‬‫نظر‬‫می‬‫رسد‬‫در‬‫این‬‫مواقع‬‫مترجم‬‫کلمه‬‫قرآنی‬‫را‬‫جهت‬‫درك‬‫و‬‫فهم‬‫بهت‬‫ر‬
‫خواننده‬‫و‬‫رساندن‬‫عمق‬‫مطلب‬‫خود‬‫به‬‫صورت‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ترجمه‬‫کرده‬‫است‬.‫مجموع‬
‫روابط‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫که‬‫بین‬‫متن‬‫قرآن‬‫و‬‫ترجمه‬‫آن‬‫تفاوت‬‫وجود‬‫دارد‬‫حدود‬7%‫از‬‫کل‬
‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫های‬‫موجود‬‫در‬‫قرآن‬‫را‬‫تشکیل‬‫می‬‫دهند‬.‫این‬‫عدم‬‫تقارن‬‫ها‬‫در‬74‫سوره‬
‫قرآن‬‫پراکنده‬‫اند‬.
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
...‫در‬‫این‬‫پژوهش‬‫که‬‫بیش‬‫از‬6‫ماه‬‫به‬‫طول‬‫انجامید‬4185‫رابطه‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬
‫موجود‬‫در‬‫کل‬‫قرآن‬‫کریم‬‫استخراج‬‫گردید‬.‫مشخص‬‫شد‬‫تعداد‬222
‫رابطه‬‫بافاصله‬‫از‬‫هم‬‫بیان‬‫شده‬‫اند‬‫و‬‫در‬‫سایر‬،‫موارد‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ها‬‫بدون‬
‫فاصله‬‫از‬‫هم‬‫قرار‬‫دارند‬‫و‬‫کلمه‬‫ای‬‫بین‬‫جفت‬‫های‬‫باهمایند‬‫فاصله‬
‫نینداخته‬‫است‬.‫حدود‬56%‫از‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫ها‬‫در‬‫سوره‬‫های‬‫مکی‬‫قرار‬‫دارند‬‫و‬
44%‫در‬‫سوره‬‫های‬‫مدنی‬.‫از‬‫مجموع‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫های‬‫استخراج‬‫شده‬286
‫مورد‬‫عدم‬‫تقارن‬‫بین‬‫متن‬‫عربی‬‫قرآن‬‫و‬‫ترجمه‬‫آن‬‫مشاهده‬‫شد‬‫که‬‫ک‬‫لمه‬
‫ساده‬‫در‬‫متن‬‫قرآن‬‫به‬‫صورت‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫در‬‫زبان‬‫فارسی‬‫ترجمه‬‫شده‬
،‫است‬‫مانند‬‫آیه‬55‫سوره‬‫انعام‬‫که‬‫کلمه‬"‫َیل‬‫ب‬‫س‬"‫به‬‫صورت‬"‫راه‬‫و‬
‫رسم‬"‫ترجمه‬‫شده‬‫است‬.‫این‬‫تعداد‬7%‫کل‬‫باهم‬‫آیی‬‫های‬‫قرآن‬‫را‬‫در‬
‫برمی‬‫گیرد‬‫که‬‫در‬74‫سوره‬‫پراکنده‬‫شده‬‫اند‬.‫به‬‫نظر‬‫می‬‫رسد‬‫این‬‫کار‬‫ب‬‫ه‬
‫عنوان‬‫یکی‬‫از‬‫شگردهای‬‫ترجمه‬‫برای‬‫درك‬‫بهتر‬‫و‬‫گویاتر‬‫شدن‬‫مف‬‫هوم‬
‫کلمات‬‫مورد‬‫نظر‬‫برای‬‫خواننده‬‫زبان‬‫مقصد‬‫انجام‬‫گرفته‬‫باشد‬ http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir
‫ممنون‌از‌توجه‌شما‬
http://www.elham.akhlaghi.student.u
m.ac.ir

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