This document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on the structure of the proton in the Higgs boson era. The key points are:
1) The discovery of the Higgs boson marks a new era for particle physics and new discoveries may be found at the LHC in the next years.
2) While the Standard Model is successful, it is incomplete and new physics is needed to explain phenomena like dark matter. The LHC aims to further study the Higgs and search for new physics.
3) Determining the parton distribution functions that describe the proton's constituents is crucial for LHC analyses and requires a global analysis of experimental data using advanced theoretical techniques like neural networks.
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Juan Rojo gave a seminar at King's College London on September 23, 2015 about parton distribution functions (PDFs) and their importance for precision physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). PDFs describe the momentum distributions of quarks and gluons within protons and are crucial for determining cross sections and uncertainties for many LHC processes. The accurate determination of PDFs requires global analyses of experimental data using flexible parametrizations like neural networks to avoid biases. PDF uncertainties now limit characterization of the Higgs boson and searches for new physics at the LHC.
Parton Distributions and Standard Model Physics at the LHCjuanrojochacon
This document discusses parton distribution functions (PDFs) and recent developments. It notes that NNLO calculations are essential to reduce uncertainties in PDF analysis. Several key processes like inclusive jet production and top quark production are now available at NNLO. The document also discusses the inclusion of LHC data like W+charm, top quark, and jet data in global PDF fits. It highlights updates to various PDF fitting groups and the upcoming NNPDF3.0 release.
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This document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on parton distribution functions (PDFs) at the Zurich Phenomenology Workshop 2018. The key points are:
1) PDF fits require combining perturbative cross-sections calculated using the Standard Model Lagrangian with non-perturbative PDFs extracted from a global analysis of experimental data.
2) More precise PDFs are needed to reduce uncertainties on calculations of processes like Higgs production and measurements of its couplings at the LHC.
3) Recent PDF analyses have included new data like differential top quark production from LHC and NNLO calculations, improving determinations of the gluon PDF over a wide range of x values.
4) Small-x data
Parton distributions from high-precision collider datajuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at the Technical University of Munich on July 13, 2017 about parton distributions from high-precision collider data. He discussed how parton distribution functions are essential for calculating cross sections at hadron colliders like the LHC, since they describe the probability of finding quarks and gluons within protons. Rojo explained that global analyses fit PDFs to diverse experimental data using statistical techniques like neural networks, and the PDFs can then provide predictions for new processes. He highlighted recent updates from the NNPDF collaboration in version 3.1 to include more precise LHC data and the option to fit the charm quark distribution.
QCD at the LHC: recent progress and open problemsjuanrojochacon
The document discusses recent progress and open problems in QCD at the LHC. It notes that improving the quantitative understanding of the Standard Model is essential, and that sharpening QCD tools could enable new discoveries at the LHC. In particular, better parton distribution functions, higher-order perturbative calculations, and matching calculations to parton showers are highlighted as important for improving both precision and sensitivity to new physics. The talk outlines the current status and future prospects for parton distribution functions, fixed-order calculations up to NNLO, matching to parton showers, and merging samples with different jet multiplicities.
Recent progress in proton and nuclear PDFs at small-xjuanrojochacon
1) The document discusses recent progress in proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) at small values of x. PDFs describe the momentum distribution of quarks and gluons inside protons and nuclei.
2) Global analyses of experimental data from various processes are used to determine PDFs at hadronic scales, which are then evolved perturbatively to higher scales relevant for LHC predictions. Recent analyses include data from the LHC.
3) Probing PDFs at small x requires processes dominated by gluons at leading order, produced in the forward region with low invariant masses. Examples discussed are direct photon and charm production. LHCb and future forward calorimeter data provide constraints on the small-
The document summarizes progress in the NNPDF global analysis of parton distribution functions. It discusses past NNPDF analyses from 2012-2015 and plans for future analyses, including NNPDF3.1 which will include new LHC data and improve the determination of intrinsic charm. It also presents results from fits allowing the charm content of the proton to be determined from data rather than assumed from perturbation theory, finding the data support a small intrinsic charm component within uncertainties.
Modern machine learning methods that could be useful for particle physics.
Personal summary of the "Connecting the dots 2015" conference at Berkeley lab and ideas for what particle physics could try.
Parton Distributions and the search for New Physics at the LHCjuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at King's College London on September 23, 2015 about parton distribution functions (PDFs) and their importance for precision physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). PDFs describe the momentum distributions of quarks and gluons within protons and are crucial for determining cross sections and uncertainties for many LHC processes. The accurate determination of PDFs requires global analyses of experimental data using flexible parametrizations like neural networks to avoid biases. PDF uncertainties now limit characterization of the Higgs boson and searches for new physics at the LHC.
Parton Distributions and Standard Model Physics at the LHCjuanrojochacon
This document discusses parton distribution functions (PDFs) and recent developments. It notes that NNLO calculations are essential to reduce uncertainties in PDF analysis. Several key processes like inclusive jet production and top quark production are now available at NNLO. The document also discusses the inclusion of LHC data like W+charm, top quark, and jet data in global PDF fits. It highlights updates to various PDF fitting groups and the upcoming NNPDF3.0 release.
Parton distributions in the LHC precision erajuanrojochacon
This document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on parton distribution functions (PDFs) at the Zurich Phenomenology Workshop 2018. The key points are:
1) PDF fits require combining perturbative cross-sections calculated using the Standard Model Lagrangian with non-perturbative PDFs extracted from a global analysis of experimental data.
2) More precise PDFs are needed to reduce uncertainties on calculations of processes like Higgs production and measurements of its couplings at the LHC.
3) Recent PDF analyses have included new data like differential top quark production from LHC and NNLO calculations, improving determinations of the gluon PDF over a wide range of x values.
4) Small-x data
Parton distributions from high-precision collider datajuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at the Technical University of Munich on July 13, 2017 about parton distributions from high-precision collider data. He discussed how parton distribution functions are essential for calculating cross sections at hadron colliders like the LHC, since they describe the probability of finding quarks and gluons within protons. Rojo explained that global analyses fit PDFs to diverse experimental data using statistical techniques like neural networks, and the PDFs can then provide predictions for new processes. He highlighted recent updates from the NNPDF collaboration in version 3.1 to include more precise LHC data and the option to fit the charm quark distribution.
QCD at the LHC: recent progress and open problemsjuanrojochacon
The document discusses recent progress and open problems in QCD at the LHC. It notes that improving the quantitative understanding of the Standard Model is essential, and that sharpening QCD tools could enable new discoveries at the LHC. In particular, better parton distribution functions, higher-order perturbative calculations, and matching calculations to parton showers are highlighted as important for improving both precision and sensitivity to new physics. The talk outlines the current status and future prospects for parton distribution functions, fixed-order calculations up to NNLO, matching to parton showers, and merging samples with different jet multiplicities.
Recent progress in proton and nuclear PDFs at small-xjuanrojochacon
1) The document discusses recent progress in proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs) at small values of x. PDFs describe the momentum distribution of quarks and gluons inside protons and nuclei.
2) Global analyses of experimental data from various processes are used to determine PDFs at hadronic scales, which are then evolved perturbatively to higher scales relevant for LHC predictions. Recent analyses include data from the LHC.
3) Probing PDFs at small x requires processes dominated by gluons at leading order, produced in the forward region with low invariant masses. Examples discussed are direct photon and charm production. LHCb and future forward calorimeter data provide constraints on the small-
The document summarizes progress in the NNPDF global analysis of parton distribution functions. It discusses past NNPDF analyses from 2012-2015 and plans for future analyses, including NNPDF3.1 which will include new LHC data and improve the determination of intrinsic charm. It also presents results from fits allowing the charm content of the proton to be determined from data rather than assumed from perturbation theory, finding the data support a small intrinsic charm component within uncertainties.
Modern machine learning methods that could be useful for particle physics.
Personal summary of the "Connecting the dots 2015" conference at Berkeley lab and ideas for what particle physics could try.
Probes of small-x QCD from HERA to the LHCJuan Rojo
This document discusses probes of small-x QCD physics from HERA to the LHC. It begins with an overview of parton distribution functions and the global analysis used to determine them. It then discusses various processes that are sensitive to the low-x gluon, such as direct photon and top quark production at the LHC. Forward charm production measured by LHCb is also highlighted as providing valuable constraints on the small-x gluon. The implications for modeling soft QCD processes and predicting neutrino fluxes are briefly mentioned.
The Structure of the Proton in the Higgs Boson Erajuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at NIKHEF in Amsterdam on January 22, 2015 about the structure of the proton in the Higgs boson era. He discussed how the discovery of the Higgs boson completed the Standard Model but also opened new questions. He explained that the Large Hadron Collider will play a key role in exploring these questions over the next 20 years. Accurately determining the parton distribution functions of the proton is vital for phenomenology at the LHC.
Neural Network Fits of Parton DistributionsJuan Rojo
The document discusses neural network fits of parton distribution functions (PDFs). It describes the NNPDF approach, which uses artificial neural networks as universal interpolators to parametrize PDFs without theoretical bias, in contrast to traditional approaches. The NNPDF method also uses a Monte Carlo replica method to estimate PDF uncertainties without linear approximations. Recent NNPDF results include determinations of PDFs including quantum electrodynamics corrections and an investigation of the intrinsic charm content of the proton.
Statistical issues in global fits: Lessons from PDF determinationsJuan Rojo
The document discusses statistical issues that arise in global fits to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) from experimental data. It notes that PDF fits must combine data from different collision types and experiments, which can have inconsistent measurements. Traditional PDF fitting methods make restrictive assumptions that introduce bias, while the NNPDF approach uses neural networks and Monte Carlo replicas to avoid biases and faithfully represent uncertainties, including in regions with limited data. Inconsistent data poses challenges and requires delicate handling in global fits to obtain statistically sound PDF results.
NNPDF3.0: Next generation parton distributions for the LHC Run IIjuanrojochacon
The document provides an overview of the forthcoming NNPDF3.0 PDF release from the NNPDF Collaboration. Key points include:
1) NNPDF3.0 includes over 1000 new data points from HERA and LHC experiments like ATLAS and CMS, improving constraints on PDFs.
2) Improved theory calculations are used, including approximate NNLO corrections for jet data and full NLO electroweak corrections.
3) The NNPDF methodology has been upgraded with a C++ code rewrite, validation on closure tests, and improvements to the fitting strategy and basis choices.
Parton Distributions: future needs, and the role of the High-Luminosity LHCjuanrojochacon
1) Improved PDFs are needed to match the accuracy of higher-order calculations of cross sections and characterize properties of the Higgs boson and search for new physics.
2) The HL-LHC could significantly reduce PDF uncertainties through high-statistics measurements, especially in processes sensitive to large-x gluons and quarks like top quark pair production and Drell-Yan.
3) Preliminary studies generating HL-LHC pseudo-data show PDF uncertainties on the gluon-gluon and quark-antiquark luminosities could be reduced by 10-30% from top pair and Drell-Yan measurements respectively.
News from NNPDF: QED, small-x, and alphas(MZ) fitsjuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo presented recent work from the NNPDF collaboration on three spin-off fits from their NNPDF3.1 global analysis: NNPDF3.1QED, fits including small-x resummation, and a determination of the strong coupling constant αS(mZ). For NNPDF3.1QED, they are imposing the LUXqed formalism to constrain the photon PDF rather than extracting it from data. For small-x resummation fits, they find that including NNLO+NLLx theory stabilizes the small-x gluon and improves description of HERA data. Their preliminary αS(mZ) value is consistent with other determinations.
NNPDF3.0: parton distributions for the LHC Run IIjuanrojochacon
NNPDF3.0 is a new PDF determination that includes updated data and theory improvements compared to NNPDF2.3. It includes all HERA-II data and new LHC measurements. The fitting code was rewritten in C++ and validated using closure tests. NNPDF3.0 shows reasonable agreement with NNPDF2.3 while improving descriptions of data and reducing uncertainties in some regions. It provides PDFs for use at the LHC Run II.
The document discusses the NNPDF3.1 global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs). It provides an update to NNPDF3.0 motivated by new high-precision collider data and progress in NNLO calculations. NNPDF3.1 fits both a perturbative and fitted charm PDF and finds slightly better fit quality for the fitted charm case. Comparisons to NNPDF3.0 show agreement within uncertainties and reduced PDF errors in NNPDF3.1 due to the new LHC data.
The impact of new collider data into the NNPDF global analysisJuan Rojo
The document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on the impact of new collider data in the NNPDF global analysis. It discusses updates and improvements to the NNPDF methodology, including adopting the public code APFEL, adding new LHC datasets like LHCb and top quark pair differential distributions, and analyzing the impact on parton distributions from including precise Tevatron and LHC Z boson data. Preliminary results from NNPDF3.1 indicate good stability compared to the previous NNPDF3.0 analysis, with reduced uncertainties and improved flavor separation from new experimental inputs.
Search for microscopic black hole signatures at the large hadron colliderSérgio Sacani
The CMS Collaboration at the LHC searched for microscopic black hole signatures using 35 pb-1 of 7 TeV proton-proton collision data. No significant excess beyond standard model expectations was observed in events with high total transverse energy. Limits are set on the minimum black hole mass in the range of 3.5-4.5 TeV for various parameters in the large extra dimensions model. These are the first direct limits on black hole production at a particle collider.
[DSC Europe 23] Mila Pandurovic - Data science in high energy physicsDataScienceConferenc1
High energy physics experiments such as currently running Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or the future collider experiments (CEPC, CLIC, ILC, FCC), rely strongly on data science. Only from four LHC experiments the CERN Data Centre stores more than thirty petabytes of data per year, where over hundred petabytes of data are archived permanently. The collider experiments are characterized not only by the vast amount of data, but also with the necessity for the high precision measurement, unfavorable ratio of signal to background, where the tiny signals are covered by the huge pile of background events, with ratio of one per million, or less. In Higgs physics special challenge present the studies with purely hadronic final states, jets, where the lack of the sharp tagging variables lead to strenuous signal and background separation. The presentation will give the overview of the use of data science in the Higgs boson physics at future Circular electron positron collider, CEPC, China.
Precision determination of the small-x gluon from charm production at LHCbjuanrojochacon
This document discusses using LHCb data on charm production to constrain the small-x gluon and improve predictions for neutrino fluxes. LHCb data at 7 TeV, 5 TeV and 13 TeV provides stringent constraints on the small-x gluon beyond HERA. This improved gluon allows more accurate predictions for signals and backgrounds at neutrino telescopes. At a 100 TeV collider, inclusive cross sections depend directly on small-x PDFs, but using LHCb data leads to stabilized predictions with reduced uncertainties.
NNPDF3.0: Next Generation Parton Distributions for the LHC Run IIjuanrojochacon
NNPDF3.0 is a new PDF release from the NNPDF collaboration that incorporates recent experimental data from HERA and the LHC, improved theory calculations, and methodological advances. Key aspects of NNPDF3.0 include the inclusion of new data like HERA structure functions, LHC jets and electroweak data, and top quark production data. It also utilizes approximate NNLO calculations for jets and NLO electroweak corrections for Drell-Yan production. The fitting methodology has been improved with a C++ rewrite of the code and validation on closure tests. Preliminary results show good agreement with NNPDF2.3 and reduced uncertainties for some PDFs from the new data and methodology
This document discusses potential areas where lattice QCD calculations could provide input to help constrain parton distribution functions (PDFs) which are currently not well known. It identifies "benchmarks" where PDFs are already well determined, as well as "opportunities" where lattice calculations could have more impact. These include PDFs at large values of Bjorken x, the strange quark content of the proton, and charm content. The document also discusses how lattice data could be included in PDF global fits to help reduce PDF uncertainties.
Black holes as tools for quantum computing by advanced extraterrestrial civil...Sérgio Sacani
We explain that black holes are the most efficient capacitors of quantum information. It is thereby expected that all sufficiently advanced civilizations ultimately employ black holes in their quantum computers. The accompanying Hawking radiation is democratic in particle species. Due to this, the alien quantum computers will radiate in ordinary particles such as neutrinos and photons within the range of potential sensitivity of our detectors. This offers a new avenue for SETI, including the civilizations entirely composed of hidden particles species interacting with our world exclusively through gravity.
1) The document discusses challenges in using machine learning and data analytics for materials science research. Specifically, most materials are irrelevant for a given purpose, so models need to identify statistically exceptional subgroups rather than averaging all data.
2) Two potential methods for identifying promising subgroups are discussed: focusing on materials with small oxygen-carbon-oxygen angles or large carbon-oxygen bond lengths for catalysis applications.
3) The concept of a model's domain of applicability is introduced, wherein models perform best when applied only to similar data they were trained on, rather than all data globally. Identifying these reliable domains is important.
Parton distributions with QED corrections and LHC phenomenologyjuanrojochacon
The document discusses parton distribution functions (PDFs) that include quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections. It summarizes the NNPDF2.3QED PDF set, which is the first to include next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD and leading order (LO) QED effects. The photon PDF is directly constrained by LHC data for the first time. The PDF set improves constraints on the photon PDF from both DIS and LHC Drell-Yan data. It also discusses implications for LHC phenomenology from photon-initiated contributions.
CERN is an intergovernmental organization located in Geneva, Switzerland that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. It has 20 member states and 8 observer states. CERN has over 2200 staff and a budget of over 1.1 billion Swiss francs. CERN operates particle accelerators and detectors to collide beams of particles at high energies to study their interactions and search for new particles and clues. Notable achievements include the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and the Large Hadron Collider which is used to study the creation of the universe. CERN also contributes to medical technology through applications of particle accelerators and detectors.
Higgs Pair Production at the LHC and future collidersjuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at Boston University Physics on November 26th, 2018 about Higgs pair production at the LHC and future colliders. He discussed how measuring Higgs pair production can provide insights into the Higgs sector and electroweak symmetry breaking. However, observing Higgs pair production is challenging due to small cross-sections in the standard model. Future colliders with higher energies, like the FCC, may enable more precise studies of Higgs pair production and help address open questions in particle physics.
The document summarizes the NNPDF3.1 global analysis which provides an updated determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) from experimental data. Key points include:
1) NNPDF3.1 includes new high-precision measurements from the LHC as well as NNLO QCD calculations, allowing more data to be included. It also fits the charm PDF rather than assuming it is purely perturbative.
2) The new data provides stronger constraints on PDFs, particularly the gluon and down quark, significantly reducing their uncertainties. It also shows good agreement with the previous NNPDF3.0 analysis.
3) For the first time, NNPDF3.1 includes LHC
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This document summarizes a seminar given by Juan Rojo on perturbative QCD at the dawn of LHC Run II. In the seminar, Rojo discussed how recent advances in perturbative QCD, such as higher precision parton distribution functions and higher-order calculations, have improved the prospects for new physics searches at the LHC. Rojo also presented recent work on topics like PDFs with threshold resummation, Higgs pair production, and charm production that further push the boundaries of perturbative QCD and its applications at the LHC.
News from NNPDF: new data and fits with intrinsic charmjuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo presented recent work by the NNPDF collaboration including: 1) inclusion of the final HERA legacy dataset which provides a moderate reduction in PDF uncertainties, 2) inclusion of new LHC data which constrains the large-x gluon PDF, and 3) ongoing work to perform fits with intrinsic charm and investigate implications for LHC phenomenology.
Parton Distributions at a 100 TeV Hadron Colliderjuanrojochacon
Usage of modern PDF sets with LHAPDF6 v6.1.5 is suitable for FCC studies and simulations. At a 100 TeV hadron collider, PDFs would need to be evaluated in more extreme regions of small-x, large-x, and large invariant masses than at the LHC. Photon-initiated processes could contribute significantly at the FCC due to large uncertainties in the photon PDF. Heavy quark PDFs, including for the top quark, should be included in matched calculations for FCC simulations rather than using a purely massless scheme.
CERN, Particle Physics and the Large Hadron Colliderjuanrojochacon
The document discusses particle physics research done at CERN using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It describes the LHC as the most powerful particle accelerator ever built, with a 27km long tunnel housing four detectors. The LHC collides protons together at high energies to study their constituent particles like quarks and search for new particles like the Higgs boson. It also allows researchers to recreate conditions shortly after the Big Bang and potentially observe mini black holes or extra dimensions at very small scales. The future includes planning for an even larger successor to the LHC to continue advancing understanding of fundamental physics.
The structure of the proton in the Higgs boson erajuanrojochacon
Juan Rojo gave a seminar at SLAC on July 4th, 2015 about the structure of the proton in the Higgs boson era and the role of the Large Hadron Collider. He discussed how the discovery of the Higgs boson completed the Standard Model but also opened new questions. Determining the parton distribution functions of protons with precision is important for phenomenology at the LHC, such as characterizing Higgs couplings and searching for new physics. Over the next 20 years, the LHC will play a key role in exploring these open questions.
Particle Physics, CERN and the Large Hadron Colliderjuanrojochacon
The document discusses particle physics research done at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It describes the LHC as the most powerful particle accelerator ever built, with a 27 km long tunnel housing detectors that observe proton collisions at very high energies. One of the LHC's major discoveries was the Higgs boson particle in 2012. The document outlines how the LHC allows scientists to study the fundamental building blocks of matter at the smallest observable scales.
PDF uncertainties and the W mass: Report from the Workshop “Parton Distributi...juanrojochacon
The document summarizes discussions from a workshop about reducing uncertainties in parton distribution functions (PDFs) that affect measurements of the W boson mass. Key topics discussed included issues modeling the Z boson's transverse momentum, inconsistencies between PDF sets, and the need for additional LHC measurements like of W/Z production to reduce PDF uncertainties in future W mass measurements to below 10 MeV. Participants agreed more work is needed to understand differences between PDF sets and include relevant LHC data in global fits.
Characterizing New Physics with Polarized Beams in Hadron Collisionsjuanrojochacon
This document discusses how polarized proton beams could help characterize new physics discovered at the LHC or FCC. Polarized and unpolarized parton distribution functions have different behaviors, so cross sections with polarized beams would provide insights into couplings to different quark flavors. Single and double spin asymmetries could distinguish between new physics models that predict similar unpolarized signatures. While more study is needed, polarized beams could significantly aid understanding of the structure and couplings of any discovered heavy new particles.
The Standard Model and the LHC in the Higgs Boson Erajuanrojochacon
The document discusses the Standard Model of particle physics and the role of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) following the discovery of the Higgs boson. It provides background on the development of the Standard Model and discovery of its key particles like quarks, gluons, and weak bosons. It describes the LHC as the most powerful particle collider built to explore physics at the highest energies and probe unanswered questions left by the Standard Model. Four main detectors at the LHC, including ATLAS and CMS, precisely measure collision products to explore fundamental particles and forces.
PDFs at the LHC: Lessons from Run I and preparation for Run IIjuanrojochacon
This document summarizes parton distribution functions (PDFs) at the start of LHC Run II. It discusses the status of recent PDF sets from NNPDF, MMHT, CT, ABM, and HERAPDF. It notes some differences between these sets and the importance of PDF uncertainties for LHC measurements. The document also discusses benchmarks between PDF sets, comparisons using the APFEL online tool, and the prospects for including more ATLAS data in global PDF fits to further constrain PDFs.
PDF uncertainties the LHC made easy: a compression algorithm for the combinat...juanrojochacon
This document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on a new method for combining PDF sets called compressed Monte Carlo PDFs (CMC-PDFs). The method involves combining Monte Carlo replicas from different PDF sets, then compressing the large combined set into a smaller set that still accurately reproduces properties like uncertainties. Validation shows CMC-PDFs with only 25 replicas can reproduce uncertainties for a variety of LHC processes, providing a computationally efficient implementation of the PDF4LHC recommendation.
Constraints on the gluon PDF from top quark differential distributions at NNLOjuanrojochacon
- The document discusses constraints on the gluon PDF from top quark production at hadron colliders.
- It describes using the inclusive top quark pair production cross section to reduce uncertainties in the gluon PDF, especially in the large-x region between 0.1 and 0.5.
- Cross section ratios between different beam energies, such as 8 TeV/7 TeV, are highlighted as powerful precision tests that can discriminate between PDFs and probe BSM physics.
Boosting Strong Higgs Pair Production at the LHCjuanrojochacon
This document summarizes Juan Rojo's presentation on boosting strong Higgs pair production at the LHC. The key points are:
1) Higgs pair production allows for stringent tests of the understanding of electroweak symmetry breaking, but has low rates in the Standard Model.
2) Higgs pair production in vector boson fusion is small in the Standard Model but provides unique information on the hhVV coupling. It can be substantially enhanced in composite Higgs models.
3) Preliminary results show the hhVV coupling can be measured with 25-30% precision at the 14 TeV LHC with 300 fb-1, and 10-15% precision with 3000 fb-1, while the FCC could achieve
aMCfast: Automation of Fast NLO Computations for PDF fitsjuanrojochacon
MadGraph5_aMCatNLO provides NLO calculations for arbitrary processes and their matching to parton showers, but existing fast interfaces are limited. A new tool called aMCfast provides a fast interface to MadGraph5_aMCatNLO, allowing its predictions to be used in global PDF fits. It precomputes matrix elements and interpolates them using grids, then reconstructs distributions for any PDFs or scales. This will increase the number and accuracy of processes in PDF fits, including electroweak corrections and photon-initiated effects, improving determination of PDFs from LHC data.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
The structure of the proton in the Higgs Boson Era
1. The Structure of the Proton
in the Higgs Boson Era
Juan Rojo
STFC Rutherford Fellow
Rudolf Peierls Center for Theoretical Physics
University of Oxford
Research Forum Away Day
Oxford, 22/04/2014
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
2. 2
High-Energy Physics in the Higgs Boson Era
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
The Higgs Boson discovery is the most
important breakthrough in particle physics in 25
years
The Higgs discovery at Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) marks the start of a new era in particle
physics
New particle discoveries are within the LHC
reach in the next years
3. 3 Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
High-Energy Physics in the Higgs Boson Era
Higgs Boson: last missing ingredient of successful Standard Model of particle physics
The Standard Model is not a complete theory of nature: a substantial amount of
experimental data and theoretical arguments require New Physics Beyond the Standard
Model:
Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Huge gap (1016) between Higgs mass and Plank scale
Unification of Gravity and Quantum Mechanics
Inflation
Flavor physics and Neutrino masses and mixings
The LHC program for the coming decade is based on the detailed characterization of
the properties of the Higgs Boson and the search of Physics Beyond the Standard
Model:
Direct searches: new heavy particle production, supersymmerty, extra dimensions
Indirect searches: Higgs couplings and branching ratios, Higgs compositeness
Consistency tests: precision electroweak data
4. 4 Juan Rojo PDF@CMS Kick-off Workshop, CERN, 07/05/2012
5. LHC collisions in a nutshell
Drawing by K. Hamilton
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
6. Drawing by K. Hamilton
Initial State:
Parton Distribution
Functions (PDFs)
LHC collisions in a nutshell
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
7. Parton Distribution Functions - I
Higgs Boson
Gluon PDF, g(x1,Q)
Gluon PDF, g(x2,Q)
Proton
Proton
Parton Distributions determine the fraction
of the proton energy that is carried by each
of its constituents, quarks and gluons
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
(Bjorken) x1 = Egluon / Eproton
1 / Q = resolution scale
Higher energies ( large Q) ->
Protons probed at small distances
8. Parton Distributions and LHC phenomenology
2) Very large PDF uncertainties (>100%) for
New Physics heavy particle production
Supersymmetric QCD
1) PDFs fundamental limit for Higgs boson
characterization in terms of couplings
3) PDFs dominant systematic for precision
measurements, like W boson mass, that test internal
consistency of the Standard Model
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
9. Parton Distribution Functions - II
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
LHC cross-sections can be written as a convolution of Parton Distributions and partonic cross-sections:
Partonic cross-sections:
perturbatively calculable as an
expansion in the QCD and
electroweak couplings
Parton Distributions are
intrinsically non-perturbative
quantities to be extracted from
experimental data
Hadronic cross-section to be
compared with exp data
eg Higgs coupling extraction
PDG2013
10. 10
Global PDF analysis
Parton Distributions need to be determined from a global QCD analysis of all relevant hard-scattering data
Highly complex procedure that requires to combine the most precise experimental data and the most
advanced theoretical calculations into a statistically robust analysis framework
Experimental data
QCD Theory
Methodology
Parton Distributions
Lepton-proton structure functions, heavy quark
production, jet production, Drell-Yan pair
production, electroweak bosons, isolated photons, ...
NNLO DGLAP evolution, NLO and NNLO hard
scattering cross sections, heavy quark treatment,
strong coupling, electroweak effects, hadronic
production, PDF flavor separation,...
Ansatze for the x-dependence of PDFs q(x,Q0),
propagation of experimental errors from data to
PDFs, model uncertainties, minimization, definition
of the figure of merit !2 , parallel computing, ....
LHC phenomenology, predictions for LHC
processes, PDF and Higgs production, .....
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
11. 11
Global PDF analysis
Parton Distributions need to be determined from a global QCD analysis of all relevant hard-scattering data
Highly complex procedure that requires to combine the most precise experimental data and the most
advanced theoretical calculations into a statistically robust analysis framework
Experimental data
QCD Theory
Methodology
Parton Distributions
Lepton-proton structure functions, heavy quark
production, jet production, Drell-Yan pair
production, electroweak bosons, isolated photons, ...
NNLO DGLAP evolution, NLO and NNLO hard
scattering cross sections, heavy quark treatment,
strong coupling, electroweak effects, hadronic
production, PDF flavor separation,...
Ansatze for the x-dependence of PDFs q(x,Q0),
propagation of experimental errors from data to
PDFs, model uncertainties, minimization, definition
of the figure of merit !2 , parallel computing, ....
LHC phenomenology, predictions for LHC
processes, PDF and Higgs production, .....
In this talk focus on one crucial aspect:
How to determine, in a fully unbiased way, the dependence with Bjorken-x of the PDFs
In other words: how can we learn a underlying physical law from data without imposing any
ad hoc theoretical bias?
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
12. 12
Artificial Neural Networks
Biological NeuralNets Artificial NeuralNets
Artificial neural networks aimed to excel in the same domains as their biological counterparts:
pattern recognition, forecasting, classification, .... where our evolution-driven biology
outperforms traditional algorithms
Neurons, axions,
synapses, ...
Inspired by biological brain models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are mathematical
algorithms widely used in a wide range of applications, from high energy physics to targeted
marketing and finance forecasting
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
13. 13
Artificial Neural Networks
% of customers contacted
%ofpositiveanswers
Example 1: Pattern recognition. During the
Yugoslavian wars, the NATO used ANNs to recognize
hidden military vehicles
A military aircraft is identified, despite being hidden
below a commercial plane.
Many other applications of ANN in pattern
recognition: OCR software, hand writing recognition,
automated anti-plagiarism software, .....
Example 2: Marketing. A bank wants to offer a new credit
card to their clients. Two possible strategies:
Contact all customers: slow and costly
Contact 5% of the customers, train a ANN with
their input (sex, income, loans) and their ourput
(yes/no) and use the information to contact only
clients likely to accepy the offer
Cost-effective method to improve marketing performance
Random
client selection
ANN
based client selection
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
14. 14
Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provide universal unbiased interpolants to parametrize PDFs at
low input scales
The ANN class that we adopt are feed-forward multilayer neural networks (perceptrons)
In traditional PDF determinations, the input ansatz is a low-order polynomial
The use of Neural Networks allows:
No theory bias introduced in the PDF determination by the choice of ad-hoc functional forms
The use of very flexible parametrizations for all PDFs - regardless of the dataset used. The NNPDF
analysis allow for O(400) free parameters, to be compared with O(10-20) in traditional PDFs
Faithful extrapolation: PDF uncertainties blow up in regions with scarce experimental data
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
15. 15
Artificial Neural Networks vs. Polynomials
Compare a benchmark PDF analysis where the same dataset is fitted with Artificial Neural Networks
and with standard polynomials (everything else identical)
ANN avoid biasing the PDFs, faithful extrapolation at small-x (very few data, thus error blow up)
Polynomials Neural Networks
PDF error
PDF error
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
16. 16
PDF Replica Neural Network Learning
xg(x,Q2=2GeV2)
x
Each green curve corresponds to a gluon PDF Monte Carlo replica
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
17. 17
Upcoming new release: NNPDF3.0, based on a complete rewriting of the
NNPDF framework in C++ (more than 70K lines of code)
The next NNPDF generation
More than 1000 new data points from HERA-II and the LHC, including
jet cross-sections, W+charm production, top quark data, low and high mass
Drell-Yan, W lepton asymmetries.....
Completely redesigned fitting
methodology based on closure
tests with known underlying
physical laws
Substantially improved
Genetic Algorithms
minimization with new Weight
Penalty method for fitting
(iterative Bayesian regularization)
NNPDF3.0
NNPDF2.3
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
18. 18
Connecting Research
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
The determination of the proton’s structure has direct connections with related research from our Dept
The data from ATLAS and LHCb
provides important constraints on
PDFs, with new measurements only
available at LHC: top quarks, Z
with jets, W with charm quarks, ...
The ATLAS group is part of the
HERAfitter developement, an open-
source framework for PDF analysis
ATLAS LHCb Neutrinos
Cosmology
Advanced statistical tools, like artificial neural networks, genetic
algorithms and Bayesian inference are important in cosmology to
extract the values of cosmological parameters from data
Ultra-high energy neutrino-nucleus interactions
depend crucially on PDFs at small Bjorken-x and
on departures from linear QCD evolution
19. 19
Going Beyond: PDFs at a 100 TeV collider
Growing consensus that the next big machine more suitable to
explore the energy frontier should be a 100 TeV hadron collider,
possibly with also e+e- and ep operation modes
The phenomenology of PDFs at such extreme energies is very
rich: top quark PDFs, electroweak effects on PDFs and W/Z
boson PDFs, ultra-low-x physics, BFKL dynamics, BSM physics
with polarized PDFs, ....
First studies being now performed in the context of the CERN
FCC working group
BSM physics with
polarized PDFs
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
20. Parton Distributions are an essential ingredient for precision phenomenology at the Large
Hadron Collider
Accurate PDFs are required for precision Standard Model measurements, Higgs Boson
characterization and New Physics searches
The determination of fundamental SM parameters like the W mass or "S from LHC data
also greatly benefit from improved PDFs
The statistical methodology used in the NNPDF framework can be used in many other
applications, from physics (like cosmology) to financial applications
Summary
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
E.g. Ongoing collaboration between physicists and
economists towards a quantitative cost/benefit analysis in
the research and innovation sectors
21. Parton Distributions are an essential ingredient for precision phenomenology at the Large
Hadron Collider
Accurate PDFs are required for precision Standard Model measurements, Higgs Boson
characterization and New Physics searches
The determination of fundamental SM parameters like the W mass or "S from LHC data
also greatly benefit from improved PDFs
The statistical methodology used in the NNPDF framework can be used in many other
applications, from physics (like cosmology) to financial applications
Summary
Juan Rojo Research Forum Away Day, Oxford, 22/04/2012
E.g. Ongoing collaboration between physicists and
economists towards a quantitative cost/benefit analysis in
the research and innovation sectors
Thanks for your attention!