The document summarizes key information about the periodic table and group 1 elements. It discusses the history of the periodic table's development by Mendeleev and his ordering of elements. It also outlines that group 1 elements are the alkali metals, which are good conductors of heat and electricity, reactive with water and oxygen, and form alkaline solutions. Their reactivity increases down the group as they have a single outer electron that they can lose.
1. The Periodic Table Notes:
History:
• The PTE was first developed by Russian, ________________________________
• Mendeleev made up his table by ordering the elements by increasing
___________and grouped them according to similar ______________________.
• He left gaps for as yet _____________________________elements
• He was able to predict their_______________________ as well (color, MP, density,
weight, etc)
• Successfully predicted 7 out of 10
Overview:
• Columns are known as ___________________ or _______________________
• Rows are known as ____________________________
• The elements are arranged according to increasing _________________________.
Group I – The Alkali Metals
Physical Properites:
• Good________________________________ of heat and electricity
• ________________________________
• Low ________________________________ (float on water)
• ____________________________quickly when cut
• Low ____________________________________
Chemical Reactions:
• Burn in oxygen
• Lithium burns with Oxygen to form lithium oxide (Li2O)
• Write and Balance the equation.
•
• Write the balanced equation for the reaction between Sodium and Oxygen to form
sodium oxide (Na20).
•
• Group 1 oxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions of the metal
hydroxide.
• Li2O(s) + H20(l) -> 2LiOH(aq)
• React vigorously with water
• Potassium reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen.
• Write the balanced equation.
•
• KOH forms an alkaline (basic) solution with turns pink/purple when
Phenolphthalein is present.
• Law of constant composition – Compounds always have
the same elements joined together in the same
proportions.
• Balanced Chemical Equations
• Formulae of reactants and products
• Relative number of particles involved
• Physical state (s), (l), (g), (aq)
• Same number of each type of atom on both sides
of the equation
2. • Write the balanced equation for sodium reaction with water to form sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas.
• React vigorously with the halogens
• Sodium reacts with Chlorine to produce sodium chloride (NaCl). Write the
balanced equation.
•
• Look at the Bohr model for sodium. What about Chlorine? Why do you think
sodium reacts with chlorine so vigorously?
• More reactive as you go down the group.
• Reactive b/c of the lone e- in the outer shell