The document discusses the Victorian period, highlighting its significant political, social, and cultural transformations from 1837 to 1900. It emphasizes realism in literature, introduces notable Victorian novelists like Thomas Hardy, Charles Dickens, the Bronte sisters, H.G. Wells, and Wilkie Collins, and underscores the importance of their contributions to understanding societal conditions of the time. The conclusion stresses that both major and minor novelists played a crucial role in expressing the complexities of the Victorian age.