The document discusses the emergence of decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts powered by blockchain technology. It describes how blockchain and DApps are attempting to solve societal problems by reducing centralized power structures, middlemen, information asymmetry, and more. The document outlines the evolution of blockchain from Bitcoin to Ethereum and newer platforms, and how DApps interact with blockchains using tools like cryptography, distributed networks, and consensus algorithms. Examples of smart contract use cases are provided from sectors like finance, law, healthcare and more. Legal recognition of smart contracts is also discussed for countries like the US, India, and others.

1. THE NEW DECENTRALISED WORLD
BLOCKCHAIN, DAPPS & SMART CONTRACTS
Lt Cdr Ramakrishna Karolla (retd)
Founder
Nexivo Consulting

2. CHANCELLOR ON BRINK OF SECOND BAILOUT FOR BANKS
THE TIMES UK, 03 JAN 2009

3. THE GENESIS BLOCK OF THE BITCOIN
SATOSHI NAKAMOTO’S FIRST MESSAGE ON BLOCK CHAIN

4. PRESENT DAY CHALLENGES ACROSS THE GLOBE
BLOCKCHAIN ATTEMPTING TO SOLVE SOCIETAL PROBLEMS
• Centralised Power Structures > Collusion
• Middle men Arbitrage > Pricing arbitrage by brokers
• Information Asymmetry/Not Realtime eg. Kingfisher/Nirav
modi/Stock Market crashes/Bubbles
• Consensus Issues / Cartelisation e.g.. Electoral process
• Wealth Distribution /Income Inequality
• Privacy : Eg. Data thefts/Monitoring/Snooping

5. THE BLOCKCHAIN SYMBOLIZES A
SHIFT IN POWER FROM CENTERS TO
THE EDGES OF THE NETWORKS
William Mougayar
Author at The Business Blockchain
A NEW SHIFT

6. EVOLUTION OF THE DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGIES
WHAT POWERS THE BLOCKCHAIN
▸ Cryptography
▸ Distributed /Decentralised Network
▸ Transfers Value in Digital format which cannot be duplicated
▸ Consensus Algorithms
▸ Crypto economics
▸ Fault Tolerant (BFT)
▸ Trustless environment

7. EVOLUTION OF BLOCKCHAIN
GENERATIONS OF BLOCKCHAIN
▸ First Generation
▸ Bitcoin. Doesn’t have intrinsic value, Cryptocurrency, Moves Value
▸ Second Generation
▸ Ethereum - Smart Contracts & DApplications, One Global computer
▸ Protocol Layer above Internet
▸ Third Generation
▸ Cardano, EOS, NEO
▸ Focus on Scalability, Inter operability, treasury systems,On Chain
Governance, Sustenance of the platform/protocol

8. EMERGENCE OF DAPPS
PROPERTIES OF A DAPP
TRULY DISTRIBUTED
source: https://github.com/DavidJohnstonCEO/DecentralizedApplications
OPEN SOURCE CONSENSUS ON IMPROVEMENTS
PUBLIC BLOCKCHAIN USES CRYPTO TOKENS INCENTIVES

9. POWERING THE FUTURE OF DECENTRALISATION
DECENTRALISED APPLICATIONS
▸ Low level of Control by any Centralised Authority,Self
regulating
▸ Use their own Digital Currencies or Tokens
▸ Supports New type of Business Models
▸ DAPPs integrate with Blockchains and other Services
▸ Can enable true Sharing Economy
▸ Smart Contracts , Digital Autonomous Organisations

10. DAPP THAT USES A BLOCKCHAIN WITH SMART CONTRACTS
DAPP & BLOCKCHAIN INTERACTIONS
Source: Ethereum Stack exchange
Authentication
Identity
File System
Name System
Storage
Messaging
Push notifications
Media Streaming
Communication
Realtime Database
Application Stores
Truly Distributed Systems

11. DAPPS ECOSYSTEM
DECENTRALISED APPS -INTER OPERABILITY
https://www.slideshare.net/BigchainDB/blockchain-beyond-finance-cronos-groep-jan-17-2017

12. NEW BUSINESS MODELS
BUILDING BLOCKS OF DISTRIBUTED INTERNET >STORAGE CHAINS

13. SMART CONTRACT INTERACTION FLOWS
HOW A SMART CONTRACT WORKS

14. LANDSCAPE OF SMART CONTRACTS
SMART CONTRACT USE CASES
Source : pricewaterhousecoopers

15. NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR SMART CONTRACTS/DAPPS
▸ Stability of Crypto Tokens/Currencies
▸ Trusted Oracles (Information)
▸ Interoperability between Blockchains
▸ Integration with PKI Infrastructure (CA’s)

16. FEATURES OF SMART CONTRACT PLATFORMS
COMPARISON OF SMART CONTRACT PLATFORMS
Source : https://blog.acolyer.org/2017/07/05/blockbench-a-framework-for-analyzing-private-blockchains/

17. LEGAL ASPECTS
LEGALISATION OF SMART CONTRACTS - GLOBAL TRENDS
▸ US : Completion of a draft Uniform Regulation of Virtual
Currency Business Act (Uniform VCBA) by the Uniform Law
Commission (ULC) in July 2017
▸ States like Arizona passed laws recognizing the signatures
provided for smart contracts using the blockchain technology
▸ Vermont and Nevada passed laws recognizing contracts
executed on the blockchain
▸ Tennessee has become the latest U.S state to pass a bill
recognizing the legal authority of blockchain & smart contracts

18. INDIA STATUS
LEGALISATION OF SMART CONTRACTS IN INDIA
▸ IT Act 2000 allows contracts or records to be validated or
authenticated by using electronic signatures.
▸ Under section 35 of the IT Act, a digital signature can be
obtained only from a government designated CA
▸ Section 85B of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 states that an
electronic agreement would be considered as a valid
agreement if above conditions are met

19. SMART CONTRACT LEGALISATION CLOSELY LINKED WITH CRYPTO CURRENCIES
LEGAL STATUS OF BITCOIN/CRYPTO CURRENCIES

22. THANK YOU
ramki@nexivo.co
+91 7680997877
linkedin.com/in/ramkinavy
Building DAPPs & Smart Contracts
Come let’s all join to build a decentralised world for better future