The document discusses deontological ethics, a non-consequentialist theory that focuses on the morality of actions based on duty rather than outcomes. It details Immanuel Kant's three laws, known as the categorical imperative, which guide ethical decision-making by emphasizing the universality of moral actions and the treatment of humanity as an end. The principles of deontology provide a framework for assessing the moral value of actions through a focus on duty and rationality.

1. The Moral Value Of Ethics
Deontology Of the many theories non–consequentialism produces, one is called Deontology. This theory states the only way to complete a
moral action is by doing ones duty. In Deontology, the end result is irrelevant meaning bad consequences have no affect on the morality of the
action. The thesis I will prove is when deciding on the best course of action the principles of Deontology ethics and their emphasis on
considerations of doing ones duty, offer effective framework for the moral value of actions.
Immanuel Kant is an influential figure of Deontological Ethics. He proposed three laws called "The Categorical Imperative" to decide whether an
action is ethical or not:
1. "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." (Ibid., 422)
2. "Act as though the maxim of your action were by your will to become a universal law of nature." (Ibid)
3. "Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only." (Ibid., 429)
(McCormick)
These rules apply as though all agents are rational beings.
These laws prevent duties to be subjective, inconsistent and irrational. In order for a law to be universal, we must consider the "Golden
Rule"––that is, treat others as you want to be treated. This rule keeps actions in a type of check and balance. As rational agents, we can assume
we should not lie to others, as we would not appreciate to be lied to. This also
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