the material self

1. T H E M A T E R I A L S E L F
Dr. Louie Stelle Cajayon

2. The Material Self, as conceptualized by
William James in his Principles of
Psychology (1890), refers to the aspect of
our self that encompasses all the physical
elements that we consider "ours."

3. 3 Key Aspects of the Material Self:
• The Body: This is the most intimate part of our Material Self. It's the physical vessel we
inhabit. We invest heavily in its care and presentation – from the clothes we wear to the
food we eat, to our personal grooming. Our feelings about our body image significantly
impact our self-esteem. Example: Think about how you feel when you're having a "good
hair day" versus a "bad hair day." Or how the clothes you choose to wear can influence
your confidence and how you present yourself to the world.
• Our Immediate Family and Home: James argued that our immediate family members
and our home become extensions of ourselves. We feel a deep connection and sense of
belonging to them. Their successes and failures can feel like our own, and our home
provides a sense of security and identity. Example: Think about how proud you feel when
a sibling achieves something significant. Or how deeply personal and upsetting it can be
if something happens to your family home.

4. • Our Possessions: This is the broadest aspect and includes all the
tangible things we own – our clothes, gadgets, cars, books, collections,
and so on. These possessions often reflect our interests, values, social
status, and achievements. We invest time, energy, and often emotional
significance in acquiring and maintaining them. Example: Consider a
musician's prized guitar, a student's collection of well-loved books, or
someone's vintage car that they meticulously care for. These objects are
not just tools or items; they hold personal meaning and contribute to
their sense of self.

5. O N M A T E R I A L
P O S S E S S I O N S
Why do our material possessions hold such
significance? Several factors contribute to this:
• Reflection of Identity: Our possessions can be powerful symbols of who we are or who
we aspire to be. The clothes we wear can signal our style, profession, or cultural
affiliations. The books we own can reflect our intellectual interests. Our hobbies are often
expressed through the equipment and materials we acquire. Example: Someone who
loves hiking might own sturdy boots, a backpack, and camping gear, reflecting their
adventurous and outdoorsy nature. A student passionate about art might have a
collection of sketchbooks, paints, and brushes.

6. • Social Status and Achievement: In many societies, material possessions are associated
with social standing and success. While this can be a complex and sometimes problematic
aspect, it's undeniable that certain possessions (e.g., a particular brand of car, a designer
handbag) can carry social weight and signal achievement. Example: Historically and even
today, owning land or a large house can be seen as a sign of wealth and success.
• Sense of Security and Comfort: Our possessions can provide a sense of security and
comfort. Our home is our sanctuary. Familiar objects can evoke positive memories and
feelings of stability. Example: A cherished childhood toy can bring back feelings of
nostalgia and comfort even in adulthood.
• Expression of Self and Creativity: We often use material objects to express our creativity
and individuality. Decorating our living spaces, customizing our belongings, or even
choosing specific accessories allows us to put our personal stamp on the world. Example:
Someone who enjoys DIY might personalize their furniture or create artwork for their
home, reflecting their unique style and skills.

8. A T T A C H M E N T S T O
M A T E R I A L
P O S S E S S I O N S

9. The level of attachment we feel towards our material possessions can
vary greatly. Some items are purely functional, while others hold deep
emotional significance. This attachment can stem from several
sources:
• Instrumental Value: We are attached to things that help us achieve
our goals or perform necessary tasks.
⚬ Example: A chef might be very attached to their set of high-
quality knives because they are essential for their work.
• Symbolic Value: Possessions can symbolize important
relationships, memories, or achievements. These items often
become imbued with personal meaning beyond their monetary
worth.
⚬ Example: A graduation ring might symbolize years of hard
work and academic achievement. A gift from a loved one might

10. • Identity Maintenance: Some possessions are deeply intertwined
with our sense of self. Losing them can feel like losing a part of
who we are.
⚬ Example: A musician might feel a strong attachment to their
first instrument, even if they own more expensive ones now,
because it represents the beginning of their musical journey.
• Continuity of Self: Possessions can provide a sense of continuity
and connection to our past. They can serve as tangible links to our
personal history and experiences.
⚬ Example: Family heirlooms, like a piece of jewelry passed down
through generations, can connect us to our ancestors and
provide a sense of belonging to a larger narrative.

11. The Material Self is a significant aspect of our overall understanding of who
we are. It encompasses our body, our immediate social circle and home, and
our possessions. These material things can reflect our identity, social
standing, provide security, and express our creativity. However, it's crucial to
maintain a healthy perspective on our attachments and remember that our
true self extends far beyond the material world.
For your reflection, I want you to think about one or two of your possessions
that hold significant meaning for you. Why are they important? What do they
represent about you?