The mammoth was a species of elephant that first appeared in Africa around 4.8 million years ago and became extinct around 3,600 years ago. Mammoths were larger than modern elephants, with some imperial mammoths measuring over 5 feet tall at the shoulder and weighing up to 12 tons. There were several different types of mammoths that varied in size. While scientists debate the exact cause, the mammoths likely went extinct during the last ice age due to multiple environmental factors.