In January, Islamist gunmen attacked the Charlie Hebdo satirical magazine, a policewoman, and a Jewish supermarket in Paris, killing 17 people. Amedy Coulibaly, who killed four hostages in the supermarket, claimed to be acting on behalf of ISIS. Some deprived housing estates in the suburbs of Paris have been recruiting grounds for Islamist extremists, as some alienated young Muslims have found jihad appealing due to high unemployment and urban neglect. More than 500 French Muslims have gone to fight with jihadists in Syria and Iraq, more than from any other Western country. French warplanes have attacked ISIS fighters in Syria and Iraq as part of the US-led campaign against the group.