As do other laboratory rodents, rats produce both IgM and IgG (sub)classes of antibodies. Depending on the antigen and the physiological status of the rat,
8. 8
8
2/21/2024
Growth of Breast Cancer
Diameter
of
Tumour
(mm)
Tumour Cell doubling
Tumour visible by X rays
Tumour first palpable
Death of Patient
108cells
109cells
1012cells
41. 41
41
2/21/2024
Tumour Cell Vaccine
Immune Response to MCA or PV
Transplant killed cells of
MCA induced sarcoma
A
Challenge with
Sarcoma A- No Growth
Challenge with
Sarcoma B- growth
Transplant killed cells of
Polyoma Virus induced
sarcoma A
Challenge with sarcoma
A no growth
challenge with sarcoma
B no growth
SV40 induced sarcoma
C- growth
54. 54
54
2/21/2024
Key Concepts
Differentiate between a benign tumour and a
malignant tumour.
Describe the concept of immunosurveillance
Describe the different ways that tumours can
camouflage themselves to evade immune
defenses,
Discuss the advantages of immunotherapy
over other forms of cancer therapy.
55. 55
55
2/21/2024
Distinguish between specific and nonspecific
immunotherapy with the use of specific
examples.
Describe immunotoxins.
Describe the development of humanized
antibodies to tumour antigens
Evalulate the contribution of T cells, NK cells,
Macrophages, and B cells to tumour
immunity.
56. 56
56
2/21/2024
Distinguish between tumour specific
transplantation antigens and tumour
assoicated transplantation antigens.
Describe oncofetal antigens.
58. 58
58
2/21/2024
Explain how some cancer cells that can
make TGF-beta are immunosuppressive.
Tumours and transplants are similar to one
another,yet very different. Explain this
observation in the context of what the
immune system recognizes and the result of
this recognition.
The qualities of proliferation and
differentiation are essentially all that
distinguishes a normal cell from a cancer
cell. Explain.
59. 59
59
2/21/2024
Describe an experiment using mice that
proves that the immune system provides
immunity against tumours.
Distinguish between tumour-specific
transplantation antigens (TSTA) and tumour
associated transplantation antigens (TATA).
Design an experiment to show Tumour
associated Transplantation Antigens (TATA).
What is the main difference separating cell
surface antigens from chemically induced and
virually induced cancers?
60. 60
60
2/21/2024
Speculate on why this difference leads to
difficulty in designing anticancer vaccines.
What are oncofetal antigens? Are they
important in tumour immunity? Why?
What is immune surveillance?
All evidence for immune surveillance is
indirect. Speculate on how you could get
direct evidence.
61. 61
61
2/21/2024
What immune cells play a role in tumour
rejection? Briefly describe how each
accomplishes this task. Include such things as
cytokines, perforins, ADCC etc.
Cancers camouflage themselves to evade
antitumour defenses. Pick three possible
forms of camouflage that you think are most
important, describe them and state why you
think they are most important.
What are immunotoxins?
62. 62
62
2/21/2024
Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy
are the methods most widely used to
treat cancer patients. What are the
problems with this regimen, and how
could immunotherapy overcome these
problems.
Distinguish between specific and
nonspecific immunotherapy.
Editor's Notes
Transfection with Granulocyte-monocyte colony sttimulationg factor ene will increase the amount of CM-CSF and allw recovery of the immune response
Cancers were inducedwith either MCA or polymoa virus and killed cells from the induced tumours were injected into syngenic animals which were then challenged with live cells from the indicated tour lines The absence of tumour growth after the live challenge indicates that the immune response induced by tumour antigens on the killed cells provide protection against the live cells
MCA = methyl cholanthrene
