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2. THE HUMAN BRAIN

3. Human brain
cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brainstem
 a complex organ that is formed from several
subdivisions

4. Cerebrum
The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all
complex intellectual functions.
Formed from the telencephalon.
The largest division of the brain.
Also contains a large number of neurons, which are needed for
the complex analytical and integrative functions performed by the
cerebral hemispheres.

5. Longitudinal Fissure
Left hemisphere Right hemisphere
Cerebral Hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
– responsible for separating the two hemisphere.
Corpus Callosum (kōr’pŭs kal-lō’sŭm; corpus = body; callosum =hard)
- provides the main method of communication between these hemispheres.

7. Lobes of the Cerebrum

8. Frontal lobe
lies deep to the frontal bone and forms the
anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere.
Functions:
 Higher intellectual functions (concentration,
decision making, planning)
 Personality
 verbal communication
 voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

9. Parietal lobe
lies internal to the parietal bone and forms the
superoposterior part of each cerebral
hemisphere.
Functions:
Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes
Understanding speech and formulating words
to express thoughts and emotions (Wernickes’s
area)

10. Temporal lobe
 Lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and
underlies the temporal bone.
Functions:
 Interpretation of auditory and olfactory
sensations
 Storage of auditory and olfactory
experiences

11. OCCIPITAL LOBE
INSULA
a small lobe deep to the lateral sulcus.
can be observed by laterally reflecting (pulling aside) the temporal
lobe.
Functions:
Interpretation of taste
memory
 Forms the posterior region of each hemisphere
and immediately underlies the occipital bone.
Functions:
 Conscious perception of visual stimuli
 Integration of eye focusing movements
 Correlation of visual images with previous
visual experiences

12. Diencephalon
•referred as the “in between brain”
• provides the relay and switching
centers for some sensory and motor
pathways and for control of visceral
activities.
•encloses the third ventricle and
connects the cerebral hemisphere to
the brainstem.
Three Components of Diencephalon
Epithalamus
Left and right Thalamus
Hypothalamus

13. Epithalamus
partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the
third ventricle.
Melatonin – appears to help regulate day-night cycles known as
the body’s circadian rhythm.
Habenular nuclei – help relay signals from the limbic system to the
mesencephalon and are involved in visceral and emotional
responses to odors.

14.  refers to paired oval masses of gray matter that lie on either
side of the third ventricle.
 the principal and final relay point for sensory information that
will be processed and projected to the primary sensory cortex.
Thalamus

15. Hypothalamus
the anteroinferior region of the diencephalon.
Functions:
Master control of the autonomic nervous system.
Master control of the endocrine system
Regulation of body temperature
Control of emotional behavior
Control of food intake
Control of water intake
Regulation of sleep-wake (circadian) rhythms