A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. He studied physics and aerospace engineering and played a key role in developing important Indian government projects like the country's first satellite launch vehicle and nuclear tests. Kalam held prestigious positions like the head of the Indian Space Research Organisation and Defence Research and Development Organisation. He received numerous national awards and honors for his scientific achievements and service to the nation.