This document discusses the effects of dementia on both patients and their families. It describes dementia as a progressive syndrome that causes deterioration in cognitive abilities. The symptoms and progression of dementia are explained, including early, middle, and late stages. Several types of dementia are also outlined, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common, accounting for 60-80% of cases. The document discusses the stress that caring for a dementia patient can place on family members, including increased risks of poor health and psychological issues. It also notes changing demographics that will increase the elderly population and prevalence of dementia in coming decades.
One of my assignments for my sociology class during my fourth year at Gwynedd Mercy University was to research a sociological topic of interest. I decided to evaluate the prevalence and risks of depression in the growing geriatric population. This assignment has increased my level of interest in working with elderly patients.
The document discusses loneliness and social isolation and their effects on health. It notes that loneliness and isolation are associated with increased risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and depression. While loneliness and isolation often co-occur and overlap, isolation is more objective in measuring social contacts and network size, while loneliness is a subjective feeling. Both are risk factors for poor health, though some evidence suggests isolation alone may pose a greater risk than loneliness alone. The document calls for more research to better understand these concepts and to develop effective interventions, policies, and practices to address loneliness and social isolation as public health issues.
1) The document discusses research on health and loneliness in later life, focusing on factors like cognitive impairment, environment, and culture that can influence loneliness.
2) It summarizes studies finding that cognitive impairment can amplify the impact of low social resources on loneliness, while depression can make it harder to adjust expectations about social relationships.
3) The research highlights that diverse factors like disability, environment, and mental health interact in complex ways requiring personalized interventions to address loneliness.
The document discusses bipolar disorder, including its symptoms and types. It defines bipolar disorder as a mood disorder involving extreme shifts between mania and depression. These shifts can significantly impair functioning. The main types discussed are bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder. Risk factors, prevalence rates, treatment options, and the importance of social support are also summarized.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
The document discusses loneliness as a major problem, especially in Western societies. It quotes Mother Teresa saying the greatest disease is feeling unwanted, unloved, and uncared for. While physical illnesses can be cured with medicine, loneliness and despair can only be cured with love. The document then examines what causes loneliness, including life circumstances like losing a partner, moving to a new area, or health issues. It also discusses the health impacts of loneliness, saying it is as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Finally, it suggests ways to address loneliness through social and community activities that promote inclusion and companionship.
The document discusses the negative effects of social isolation on mental health and physical health. It notes that social isolation is associated with increased rates of mental illness, hospitalization, health problems, and even premature death. Being socially isolated can lead to constricted thinking, hopelessness, and stress that damages the body over time. Research shows that social relationships and interactions are essential to survival and well-being.
This study aims to examine how families treat members who have been diagnosed with chronic mental or physical illnesses. The researcher will conduct an ethnographic study involving purposive sampling of families with various chronic illnesses. Participants will be recruited from local support groups. The researcher will observe family interactions and conversations in their homes to analyze changes in communication, behaviors, and relationships since the diagnosis. Both verbal exchanges and nonverbal interactions will be recorded and compared to stories from before the diagnosis. The findings will help understand how chronic illnesses impact family dynamics and shed light on the patient's experience.
One of my assignments for my sociology class during my fourth year at Gwynedd Mercy University was to research a sociological topic of interest. I decided to evaluate the prevalence and risks of depression in the growing geriatric population. This assignment has increased my level of interest in working with elderly patients.
The document discusses loneliness and social isolation and their effects on health. It notes that loneliness and isolation are associated with increased risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and depression. While loneliness and isolation often co-occur and overlap, isolation is more objective in measuring social contacts and network size, while loneliness is a subjective feeling. Both are risk factors for poor health, though some evidence suggests isolation alone may pose a greater risk than loneliness alone. The document calls for more research to better understand these concepts and to develop effective interventions, policies, and practices to address loneliness and social isolation as public health issues.
1) The document discusses research on health and loneliness in later life, focusing on factors like cognitive impairment, environment, and culture that can influence loneliness.
2) It summarizes studies finding that cognitive impairment can amplify the impact of low social resources on loneliness, while depression can make it harder to adjust expectations about social relationships.
3) The research highlights that diverse factors like disability, environment, and mental health interact in complex ways requiring personalized interventions to address loneliness.
The document discusses bipolar disorder, including its symptoms and types. It defines bipolar disorder as a mood disorder involving extreme shifts between mania and depression. These shifts can significantly impair functioning. The main types discussed are bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder. Risk factors, prevalence rates, treatment options, and the importance of social support are also summarized.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
The document discusses loneliness as a major problem, especially in Western societies. It quotes Mother Teresa saying the greatest disease is feeling unwanted, unloved, and uncared for. While physical illnesses can be cured with medicine, loneliness and despair can only be cured with love. The document then examines what causes loneliness, including life circumstances like losing a partner, moving to a new area, or health issues. It also discusses the health impacts of loneliness, saying it is as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Finally, it suggests ways to address loneliness through social and community activities that promote inclusion and companionship.
The document discusses the negative effects of social isolation on mental health and physical health. It notes that social isolation is associated with increased rates of mental illness, hospitalization, health problems, and even premature death. Being socially isolated can lead to constricted thinking, hopelessness, and stress that damages the body over time. Research shows that social relationships and interactions are essential to survival and well-being.
This study aims to examine how families treat members who have been diagnosed with chronic mental or physical illnesses. The researcher will conduct an ethnographic study involving purposive sampling of families with various chronic illnesses. Participants will be recruited from local support groups. The researcher will observe family interactions and conversations in their homes to analyze changes in communication, behaviors, and relationships since the diagnosis. Both verbal exchanges and nonverbal interactions will be recorded and compared to stories from before the diagnosis. The findings will help understand how chronic illnesses impact family dynamics and shed light on the patient's experience.
A critical assessment of the research literature that explores the disclosure...GERATEC
Being diagnosed with dementia can impact on an individual’s emotional, vocational, spiritual, physical, social, intellectual and personal dimensions of wellness (Montague, 2013). The stigmatisation that comes with the diagnosis can be as devastating as the disease itself. For this reason alone, seeking a diagnosis when suspecting that there could be something wrong with one’s cognitive functioning, is not a simple or easy decision.
Christine Bryden, in her book “Dancing with Dementia” (2005), makes the statement “It took me three years before I could speak openly about my diagnosis, overcoming the hopelessness and depression that exacerbated my dementia and took me on a downward spiral of dysfunction” (Bryden, 2005, p39).
The psychological impact of a diagnosis (Lee et al., 2014) is severe, taking some individuals up to six months to adjust and cope with the feelings of loss before they can start to create new coping strategies and mechanisms of living with dementia.
Dementia diagnosis in lesser developed countries like those on the African continent, where research is scarce and stigmatisation can put lives in danger (Kalula and Petros, 2011), is in itself problematic. Bunn et al. (2010) allude to the transferability of research findings that are mostly geographically limited, implying that the disclosure of a diagnosis might be even more complex in non-western cultures.
Not disclosing a diagnosis raises ethical concerns (Rai, 2009) that seem to be missing in much of the research.
Loneliness is a complex human emotion that varies between individuals and has no single cause. It is defined as a state of mind where one feels empty, alone, and unwanted, regardless of whether they are physically alone. Loneliness can be caused by both situational factors like moving or divorce, and internal factors like low self-esteem. Theories of loneliness examine how deficiencies in social relationships and traits like shyness can lead to feelings of loneliness. Loneliness is typically measured on a continuum from very low to very high and around 20% of people report feeling lonely at a given time.
Stop Stigma Sacramento: Mental Illness is Not What you Always Thinksacpros
The document discusses reducing stigma around mental illness. It describes a project by Sacramento County to reduce stigma and discrimination, promote mental health and wellness, and inspire hope for those with mental illness. The project aims to change negative attitudes by highlighting that mental illness is common, treatable, and many people live successful lives with treatment and support. It also discusses the impact of stigma and provides resources for mental health services.
Oct 26 2016 Ambiguous Loss for BBN GroupMaureen Trask
This document summarizes a presentation about supporting families experiencing ambiguous loss from missing loved ones. Ambiguous loss refers to a situation where a person is physically absent but psychologically present, or psychologically absent but physically present, creating uncertainty rather than closure. Families of missing persons experience frozen grief, lack of support services, and lack of rituals to help mourn. A framework is presented to help families move past feeling frozen, acknowledge and respond to the loss, explore the trauma timeline, find a safe place to acknowledge pain, and opportunities for growth. Support involves listening, being present, acknowledging emotions, helping build resilience and find meaning, and normalizing their experiences.
Grief Matters, Responding to Loss and Bereavement - Mike O'ConnorIriss
Mike O'Connor, The Notre Dame Centre, http://www.notredamecentre.org.uk
Session 2 - Building Better Childhoods, Understanding Contemporary Childhood.
Getting It Right for Every Child: Childhood, Citizenship and Children's Services, Glasgow, 24-26 September 2008.
http://www.iriss.org.uk/conference/girfec
World Bipolar Day on March 30th aims to raise awareness of bipolar disorder, a serious mood disorder affecting an estimated 200 million people globally. Bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood between elation and depression and impacts thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It is a chronic condition requiring lifelong treatment from a psychiatrist through medication and psychotherapy. While medication and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition, more awareness and support is still needed given bipolar disorder's debilitating effects, including increased risk of suicide and reduced life expectancy. Continued efforts are needed beyond World Bipolar Day to help those suffering from this condition and create real impact.
Caring for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress: A...GERATEC
Caring for a family member with dementia is complex, with outcomes depending on numerous factors. The experience differs based on the caregiver's relationship to the care recipient, as well as cultural and social contexts. While research often focuses on the burden and stress of caregiving, care can also have positive aspects. Motivations for providing care influence both the caregiver and care recipient's well-being. Informal caregiving is especially challenging in South Africa due to poverty, lack of infrastructure and services, and changing cultural attitudes towards elders. The experiences of both caregivers and those with dementia would benefit from more nuanced understanding of their diverse contexts and perspectives.
Schizophrenia is influenced by cultural, social, and family factors. Cultural traditions from Western and Eastern values can impact understanding and treatment of schizophrenia differently. Males tend to experience earlier illness onset and more aggressive behaviors, while females experience more paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations but respond better to treatment. Schizophrenia impacts psychosocial health through increased rates of depression, anxiety, unemployment, and homelessness. It also presents daily social cognition challenges involving situational awareness, understanding emotions, and interpreting facial cues and social rules. Health educators can play a positive role by acting as role models, demonstrating compassion, understanding patient coping skills, and promoting mental health awareness.
This document discusses stigmatization and discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea. It notes that stigma stems from ignorance about HIV transmission and a moral association of the virus with promiscuity. Stigma isolates people with HIV/AIDS and discourages them from seeking care. It also prevents open discussion about HIV status and spreads misinformation. The document argues for promoting compassion and understanding of people with HIV/AIDS as the most effective way to address the epidemic.
Currently many of study has been conduct on HIV but very few study has targeted on Older adult with HIV. I have gone through many study to find problems of older adult with HIV.
The document outlines a program proposal called "Stop the Stigma" aimed at educating the Bulloch County community about mental illness and reducing stigma. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and defines the different types of stigma (public, self, institutional). A literature review found that anti-stigma interventions can help increase mental health literacy. The proposal describes conducting an interactive activity to differentiate facts/myths about mental illness, followed by a video and lecture. Pre- and post-tests would measure changes in knowledge about mental illness among participants from a local NAMI chapter. The goal is to encourage help-seeking and support for those with mental illness.
Personality disorders can greatly impact people's lives and relationships. They are long-term patterns of behaviors and thoughts that differ from cultural norms and interfere with functioning. Common types include paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication, and focuses on learning healthy ways to manage symptoms. Raising awareness of personality disorders can help people seek needed treatment and improve lives.
The document summarizes a research report on popular images of addiction problems in contemporary Sweden. The study investigated perceptions of nine different addictions through a population survey of 2,000 adult Swedes. Key findings included:
1) Respondents tended to downplay risks of addictions like tobacco and gambling that are common in mainstream culture, while dramatizing risks of less common addictions like heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines.
2) Tobacco and gambling were seen as relatively harmless "habits" that are not very addictive but easy to quit, while drugs like heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines were seen as major societal problems and their users as "sinners" or "victims
Loneliness: Sociological and Psychological Causes, and a Proposed Classificat...Chris Martin
This document discusses loneliness from sociological and psychological perspectives. It begins by defining loneliness and reviewing prominent researchers in the field. It then examines how loneliness is measured before proposing a model of loneliness with four putative causal processes: sociological (blockage, disconnectedness, alienation) and psychological (foreclosure). Blockage involves physical barriers to connecting like disability or neighborhood decay. Disconnectedness refers to loss of close ties through death or relocation. Alienation is the unintentional distancing of others due to stigmatized attributes. Foreclosure is the deliberate distancing of one's identity from others. The document reviews evidence for each process and develops a model of how they may interact to influence loneliness
This article profiles Anna Neller, a 27-year-old single mother pursuing her master's degree at the University of Toledo. She overcame significant hardships as a student and parent of twin sons diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Despite facing skepticism from doctors and difficulties finding a diagnosis for her sons, she persisted in their care and her education. She aims to help other families facing similar situations through her research in medical sociology and advocacy work. Neller serves as an inspiration for persevering through challenges to achieve her goals of helping others.
The document discusses the stigmas associated with depression. It notes that depression affects many people but there are misconceptions that those with depression are "lesser" or "crazy". These stigmas can prevent people from seeking help and make individuals feel isolated. The Netflix show 13 Reasons Why faced backlash for perpetuating false stereotypes about depression. Ultimately, such stigmas are harmful as they can stop those with depression from getting needed support or realizing they have a condition. It is important not to perpetuate stigmas by labeling or alienating those with depression.
Dementia is not a single disease but a category of brain diseases that cause memory loss and cognitive decline. It progresses through early, middle, and late stages bringing increasing impairment. While stressful for caregivers, group home settings can benefit patients by providing social interaction and respite for families. Regular physical and cognitive exercise may help slow progression of symptoms and improve quality of life for patients and caregivers.
Critically discuss whether and how the residential living arrangements of tho...Jemma Bateman
This document discusses how the residential living arrangements of those with dementia can impact psychological well-being. It explores whether living at home or in a care home is better. Living at home can help maintain independence but can lack supervision and assistance with tasks. A care home can provide daily routines, encouragement, and help with needs like eating, hygiene and sleep, but removes independence. Psychological well-being is also impacted by the stage of dementia, with higher support needed in later stages. The document considers factors like competence, stress, independence, boredom, health, hygiene and sleep in relation to well-being. It also discusses the toll on carers' well-being and argues intervention and support are important.
Depression Depression is not a normal part of aging, and studi.docxcuddietheresa
Depression
Depression is not a normal part of aging, and studies show that most older people are satisfied with their lives, despite physical problems (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2014b). To understand depression, the nurse must understand the influence of late-life stressors and changes and the beliefs older people, society, and health professionals may have about depression and its treatment.
Prevalence
Depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in the older population and is considered a significant public health issue (Abbasi & Burke, 2014).
Depression is the fourth leading cause of disease burden globally and is projected to increase to the second leading cause by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2014).
Approximately 1% to 2% of adults 65 years and older are diagnosed with major depressive disorder. An additional 25% have significant depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder (Avari et al., 2014).
Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder have been referred to as minor depression, subsyndromal depression, dysthymic depression, and mild depression.
The DSM-5 replaced the term dysthymia with the term persistent depressive disorder to describe symptoms that are long standing (lasting 2 years or longer) but do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder.
Recognition and treatment are important because persistent depressive disorder has a negative impact on physical and social functioning and quality of life for many older people and is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent major depression (Harvath & McKenzie, 2012; Uher et al., 2014).
Rates of depression are higher in older adults who experience physical illness, who have cognitive impairment, or who reside in institutional settings. Fourteen percent (14%) of patients receiving home care meet the criteria for depression, and nearly half of all nursing home residents receive antidepressants for depression (Abbasi & Burke, 2014; Smith et al., 2015).
Depression is a major reason why older people are admitted to nursing homes.
Prevalence rates of depression in older adults likely underestimate the extent of the problem. The stigma associated with depression may be more prevalent in older people, and they may not acknowledge depressive symptoms or seek treatment. Many elders, particularly those who have survived the Great Depression, both world wars, the Holocaust, and other tragedies, may see depression as shameful, evidence of flawed character, self-centered, a spiritual weakness, and sin or retribution. Perceived stigma may be less of a concern for the future older population who are more aware of mental health concerns and more likely to seek treatment.
Health professionals often expect older people to be depressed and may not take appropriate action to assess for and treat depression. The differing presentation of depression in older people, as well as the increased pr ...
Essay on Depression
Depression Essay
Depression and Anxiety Essay example
Abstract On Depression
Teen Depression Essay
Depression Essay
Women and Depression Essay
Depression Case Study Essay
Teen Depression Essay
Depression Essay
Bipolar Disorders: Explaining Depression
Abstract On Depression
Depression and Anxiety Essay example
Depression Essay
A critical assessment of the research literature that explores the disclosure...GERATEC
Being diagnosed with dementia can impact on an individual’s emotional, vocational, spiritual, physical, social, intellectual and personal dimensions of wellness (Montague, 2013). The stigmatisation that comes with the diagnosis can be as devastating as the disease itself. For this reason alone, seeking a diagnosis when suspecting that there could be something wrong with one’s cognitive functioning, is not a simple or easy decision.
Christine Bryden, in her book “Dancing with Dementia” (2005), makes the statement “It took me three years before I could speak openly about my diagnosis, overcoming the hopelessness and depression that exacerbated my dementia and took me on a downward spiral of dysfunction” (Bryden, 2005, p39).
The psychological impact of a diagnosis (Lee et al., 2014) is severe, taking some individuals up to six months to adjust and cope with the feelings of loss before they can start to create new coping strategies and mechanisms of living with dementia.
Dementia diagnosis in lesser developed countries like those on the African continent, where research is scarce and stigmatisation can put lives in danger (Kalula and Petros, 2011), is in itself problematic. Bunn et al. (2010) allude to the transferability of research findings that are mostly geographically limited, implying that the disclosure of a diagnosis might be even more complex in non-western cultures.
Not disclosing a diagnosis raises ethical concerns (Rai, 2009) that seem to be missing in much of the research.
Loneliness is a complex human emotion that varies between individuals and has no single cause. It is defined as a state of mind where one feels empty, alone, and unwanted, regardless of whether they are physically alone. Loneliness can be caused by both situational factors like moving or divorce, and internal factors like low self-esteem. Theories of loneliness examine how deficiencies in social relationships and traits like shyness can lead to feelings of loneliness. Loneliness is typically measured on a continuum from very low to very high and around 20% of people report feeling lonely at a given time.
Stop Stigma Sacramento: Mental Illness is Not What you Always Thinksacpros
The document discusses reducing stigma around mental illness. It describes a project by Sacramento County to reduce stigma and discrimination, promote mental health and wellness, and inspire hope for those with mental illness. The project aims to change negative attitudes by highlighting that mental illness is common, treatable, and many people live successful lives with treatment and support. It also discusses the impact of stigma and provides resources for mental health services.
Oct 26 2016 Ambiguous Loss for BBN GroupMaureen Trask
This document summarizes a presentation about supporting families experiencing ambiguous loss from missing loved ones. Ambiguous loss refers to a situation where a person is physically absent but psychologically present, or psychologically absent but physically present, creating uncertainty rather than closure. Families of missing persons experience frozen grief, lack of support services, and lack of rituals to help mourn. A framework is presented to help families move past feeling frozen, acknowledge and respond to the loss, explore the trauma timeline, find a safe place to acknowledge pain, and opportunities for growth. Support involves listening, being present, acknowledging emotions, helping build resilience and find meaning, and normalizing their experiences.
Grief Matters, Responding to Loss and Bereavement - Mike O'ConnorIriss
Mike O'Connor, The Notre Dame Centre, http://www.notredamecentre.org.uk
Session 2 - Building Better Childhoods, Understanding Contemporary Childhood.
Getting It Right for Every Child: Childhood, Citizenship and Children's Services, Glasgow, 24-26 September 2008.
http://www.iriss.org.uk/conference/girfec
World Bipolar Day on March 30th aims to raise awareness of bipolar disorder, a serious mood disorder affecting an estimated 200 million people globally. Bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood between elation and depression and impacts thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It is a chronic condition requiring lifelong treatment from a psychiatrist through medication and psychotherapy. While medication and lifestyle changes can help manage the condition, more awareness and support is still needed given bipolar disorder's debilitating effects, including increased risk of suicide and reduced life expectancy. Continued efforts are needed beyond World Bipolar Day to help those suffering from this condition and create real impact.
Caring for a family member with dementia is fraught with burden and stress: A...GERATEC
Caring for a family member with dementia is complex, with outcomes depending on numerous factors. The experience differs based on the caregiver's relationship to the care recipient, as well as cultural and social contexts. While research often focuses on the burden and stress of caregiving, care can also have positive aspects. Motivations for providing care influence both the caregiver and care recipient's well-being. Informal caregiving is especially challenging in South Africa due to poverty, lack of infrastructure and services, and changing cultural attitudes towards elders. The experiences of both caregivers and those with dementia would benefit from more nuanced understanding of their diverse contexts and perspectives.
Schizophrenia is influenced by cultural, social, and family factors. Cultural traditions from Western and Eastern values can impact understanding and treatment of schizophrenia differently. Males tend to experience earlier illness onset and more aggressive behaviors, while females experience more paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations but respond better to treatment. Schizophrenia impacts psychosocial health through increased rates of depression, anxiety, unemployment, and homelessness. It also presents daily social cognition challenges involving situational awareness, understanding emotions, and interpreting facial cues and social rules. Health educators can play a positive role by acting as role models, demonstrating compassion, understanding patient coping skills, and promoting mental health awareness.
This document discusses stigmatization and discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea. It notes that stigma stems from ignorance about HIV transmission and a moral association of the virus with promiscuity. Stigma isolates people with HIV/AIDS and discourages them from seeking care. It also prevents open discussion about HIV status and spreads misinformation. The document argues for promoting compassion and understanding of people with HIV/AIDS as the most effective way to address the epidemic.
Currently many of study has been conduct on HIV but very few study has targeted on Older adult with HIV. I have gone through many study to find problems of older adult with HIV.
The document outlines a program proposal called "Stop the Stigma" aimed at educating the Bulloch County community about mental illness and reducing stigma. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and defines the different types of stigma (public, self, institutional). A literature review found that anti-stigma interventions can help increase mental health literacy. The proposal describes conducting an interactive activity to differentiate facts/myths about mental illness, followed by a video and lecture. Pre- and post-tests would measure changes in knowledge about mental illness among participants from a local NAMI chapter. The goal is to encourage help-seeking and support for those with mental illness.
Personality disorders can greatly impact people's lives and relationships. They are long-term patterns of behaviors and thoughts that differ from cultural norms and interfere with functioning. Common types include paranoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Treatment involves psychotherapy and sometimes medication, and focuses on learning healthy ways to manage symptoms. Raising awareness of personality disorders can help people seek needed treatment and improve lives.
The document summarizes a research report on popular images of addiction problems in contemporary Sweden. The study investigated perceptions of nine different addictions through a population survey of 2,000 adult Swedes. Key findings included:
1) Respondents tended to downplay risks of addictions like tobacco and gambling that are common in mainstream culture, while dramatizing risks of less common addictions like heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines.
2) Tobacco and gambling were seen as relatively harmless "habits" that are not very addictive but easy to quit, while drugs like heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines were seen as major societal problems and their users as "sinners" or "victims
Loneliness: Sociological and Psychological Causes, and a Proposed Classificat...Chris Martin
This document discusses loneliness from sociological and psychological perspectives. It begins by defining loneliness and reviewing prominent researchers in the field. It then examines how loneliness is measured before proposing a model of loneliness with four putative causal processes: sociological (blockage, disconnectedness, alienation) and psychological (foreclosure). Blockage involves physical barriers to connecting like disability or neighborhood decay. Disconnectedness refers to loss of close ties through death or relocation. Alienation is the unintentional distancing of others due to stigmatized attributes. Foreclosure is the deliberate distancing of one's identity from others. The document reviews evidence for each process and develops a model of how they may interact to influence loneliness
This article profiles Anna Neller, a 27-year-old single mother pursuing her master's degree at the University of Toledo. She overcame significant hardships as a student and parent of twin sons diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Despite facing skepticism from doctors and difficulties finding a diagnosis for her sons, she persisted in their care and her education. She aims to help other families facing similar situations through her research in medical sociology and advocacy work. Neller serves as an inspiration for persevering through challenges to achieve her goals of helping others.
The document discusses the stigmas associated with depression. It notes that depression affects many people but there are misconceptions that those with depression are "lesser" or "crazy". These stigmas can prevent people from seeking help and make individuals feel isolated. The Netflix show 13 Reasons Why faced backlash for perpetuating false stereotypes about depression. Ultimately, such stigmas are harmful as they can stop those with depression from getting needed support or realizing they have a condition. It is important not to perpetuate stigmas by labeling or alienating those with depression.
Dementia is not a single disease but a category of brain diseases that cause memory loss and cognitive decline. It progresses through early, middle, and late stages bringing increasing impairment. While stressful for caregivers, group home settings can benefit patients by providing social interaction and respite for families. Regular physical and cognitive exercise may help slow progression of symptoms and improve quality of life for patients and caregivers.
Critically discuss whether and how the residential living arrangements of tho...Jemma Bateman
This document discusses how the residential living arrangements of those with dementia can impact psychological well-being. It explores whether living at home or in a care home is better. Living at home can help maintain independence but can lack supervision and assistance with tasks. A care home can provide daily routines, encouragement, and help with needs like eating, hygiene and sleep, but removes independence. Psychological well-being is also impacted by the stage of dementia, with higher support needed in later stages. The document considers factors like competence, stress, independence, boredom, health, hygiene and sleep in relation to well-being. It also discusses the toll on carers' well-being and argues intervention and support are important.
Depression Depression is not a normal part of aging, and studi.docxcuddietheresa
Depression
Depression is not a normal part of aging, and studies show that most older people are satisfied with their lives, despite physical problems (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2014b). To understand depression, the nurse must understand the influence of late-life stressors and changes and the beliefs older people, society, and health professionals may have about depression and its treatment.
Prevalence
Depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in the older population and is considered a significant public health issue (Abbasi & Burke, 2014).
Depression is the fourth leading cause of disease burden globally and is projected to increase to the second leading cause by 2030 (World Health Organization, 2014).
Approximately 1% to 2% of adults 65 years and older are diagnosed with major depressive disorder. An additional 25% have significant depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder (Avari et al., 2014).
Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder have been referred to as minor depression, subsyndromal depression, dysthymic depression, and mild depression.
The DSM-5 replaced the term dysthymia with the term persistent depressive disorder to describe symptoms that are long standing (lasting 2 years or longer) but do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder.
Recognition and treatment are important because persistent depressive disorder has a negative impact on physical and social functioning and quality of life for many older people and is associated with an increased risk of a subsequent major depression (Harvath & McKenzie, 2012; Uher et al., 2014).
Rates of depression are higher in older adults who experience physical illness, who have cognitive impairment, or who reside in institutional settings. Fourteen percent (14%) of patients receiving home care meet the criteria for depression, and nearly half of all nursing home residents receive antidepressants for depression (Abbasi & Burke, 2014; Smith et al., 2015).
Depression is a major reason why older people are admitted to nursing homes.
Prevalence rates of depression in older adults likely underestimate the extent of the problem. The stigma associated with depression may be more prevalent in older people, and they may not acknowledge depressive symptoms or seek treatment. Many elders, particularly those who have survived the Great Depression, both world wars, the Holocaust, and other tragedies, may see depression as shameful, evidence of flawed character, self-centered, a spiritual weakness, and sin or retribution. Perceived stigma may be less of a concern for the future older population who are more aware of mental health concerns and more likely to seek treatment.
Health professionals often expect older people to be depressed and may not take appropriate action to assess for and treat depression. The differing presentation of depression in older people, as well as the increased pr ...
Essay on Depression
Depression Essay
Depression and Anxiety Essay example
Abstract On Depression
Teen Depression Essay
Depression Essay
Women and Depression Essay
Depression Case Study Essay
Teen Depression Essay
Depression Essay
Bipolar Disorders: Explaining Depression
Abstract On Depression
Depression and Anxiety Essay example
Depression Essay
Dementia is a condition characterized by the gradual decline of brain functions, including memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities. It is caused by various diseases and conditions that damage brain cells, such as Alzheimer's disease. Occupational therapists play an important role in helping dementia patients maintain their functional abilities and independence for as long as possible through various approaches, including health promotion, remediation, maintenance, and environmental modification. While there is no cure for dementia currently, occupational therapy aims to improve patients' well-being and delay institutionalization by supporting caregivers and providing customized care.
This document discusses dementia, including what causes it and its symptoms. It describes the medical and salutogenic models for understanding dementia and focuses on engaging people with dementia through activities like singing, humor, reminiscence therapy, and life story work. These interventions can reduce agitation and improve mood. The document also compares support for dementia patients and caregivers in other countries, finding that the US lags behind places that consider long-term care a social responsibility.
This document compares the cognitive changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. MCI involves mild memory loss that does not interfere with daily life. Parkinson's disease causes tremors and movement difficulties due to dopamine loss. Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia in older adults and involves severe memory loss and cognitive decline. While there are no cures for these conditions, treatments can help manage symptoms for a time. All three diseases have significant effects on patients and their families.
- Elderly populations are at an increased risk of depression due to factors like loss, declining health, and dependence on others. Rates of depression are estimated to be 15-20% among seniors.
- Living alone and experiencing loneliness are significant risk factors for depression in the elderly. Illnesses like cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's also increase risks.
- The author hypothesizes that elderly patients already suffering from illness are most at risk of depression due to changes in well-being, self-confidence, and fears about how others see them, potentially leading to social isolation. A survey is proposed to test this.
Similar to The Effects of Dementia on Patients and Family (9)
1. Running head: THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 1
The Effects of Dementia
Sara Meier
Alvernia University
2. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 2
Abstract
Dementia is a serious disease that affects millions of elderly persons each year. It is the sixth
leading cause of death in the United States, but there are only a handful of ways that it can be
treated. The symptoms of dementia can vary depending on what stage the affected person has
progressed to. Symptoms can vary from confusion, to not remembering who certain members of
their family are. Because there are not many treatment options for dementia, it is important to
educate the public on how to recognize the symptoms and how to care for a family member who
has been diagnosed with this progressive illness.
3. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 3
The Effects of Dementia on Patients and Family
Every year nursing homes and independent care facilities receive new patients, most of
whom are moved into a home or care facility because they have been diagnosed with dementia
(Dementia, 2015). “Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million
new cases each year” (Dementia, 2015, p.1). Dementia is a syndrome in which deterioration in
cognitive function occurs either progressively or chronically beyond what is affected during the
normal aging process (Dementia, 2015). “It affects memory, thinking, orientation,
comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement. Consciousness is not
affected” (Dementia, 2015, p.1). These are not the only symptoms of dementia. It also affects
deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, and motivation; these symptoms make
dementia a major cause of disability and dependency worldwide (Dementia, 2015).
The progression of dementia is categorized into three different categories: early, middle,
and late stages (Dementia, 2015). The early stage is the least severe of the three; it shows
symptoms such as forgetfulness, losing track of time, and becoming lost in familiar places
(Dementia, 2015). The middle stage of the progression shows symptoms that become more
restrictive, such as becoming forgetful of recent events and peoples’ names, becoming lost at
home, increasing difficulty with communication, needing help with personal care, and behavior
changes including, but not limited to, mindless wandering and often repeating questions
(Dementia, 2015). The late stage of dementia is the hardest for most to cope with (Dementia,
2015). This is when the memory disturbances become serious, and physical aspects become
more evident (Dementia, 2015). The symptoms include being unaware of the time and place,
having difficulty recognizing one’s loved ones, having an increased need for help with activities
of daily living, and experiencing more behavior changes (Dementia, 2015).
4. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 4
Dementia is more than just one disease, but rather it is a term used to identify multiple
diseases that cause the same symptoms (CDC, 2013). It is important for family members and
care-givers of someone with dementia to be aware of the type of dementia they are being
affected by (Nursing Standard, 2014). Some of the diseases that are categorized under dementia
are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, mixed dementia,
Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, normal pressure
hydrocephalus, Huntington’s disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ("Types of Dementia”,
2015). Alzheimer’s disease accounts for about 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases and is
characterized by symptoms such as difficulty remembering recent events or names, impaired
communication, poor judgment, and difficulty speaking, swallowing and walking ("Types of
Dementia”, 2015).
Vascular dementia is known as multi-infarct or post-stroke dementia and accounts for
about 10 percent of dementia cases ("Types of Dementia”, 2015). Symptoms for vascular
dementia include impaired judgement or ability to make decision ("Types of Dementia”, 2015).
Lew body dementia consists of symptoms such as hallucinations that are usually but not always
visual (Porcher, 2013). They most often come about when the person is in a very confused state.
REM sleep behavior disorder is also common in Lew body dementia (Porcher, 2013). When
REM sleep is disturbed the patient will move, speak, or make gestures during REM sleep that
could cause them to feel less rested when they awake (Porcher, 2013). This disease generally
affects individuals who are sixty years of age or older (CDC, 2013). When an individual reaches
the age of sixty-five, the chance of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles every five years
(CDC, 2013). “Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is
the fifth leading cause among persons age 65 and older” (CDC, 2013, p. 1).
5. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 5
Due to the rising average of persons affected by dementia, there has been a shift in the
health care system that aims to improve care for the affected and ensure their quality of life is at
or above the patient’s and family’s standards (Zadelhoff, Widdershoven, Van Rossum, Abma.
2011). A study was conducted in order to better understand the details of dementia in its natural
setting and how the patients and families are affected by the disease (Zadelhoff, et al., 2011).
They found that the patients affected by dementia generally do better with activities of daily
living in group homes where they can interact with other residents rather than living at home or
with a few family members (Zadelhoff, et al., 2011). During this study the researchers conducted
interviews that showed the residents feel at home in their group homes (Zadelhoff, et al., 2011).
The residents often gather together in the living room to have conversations over coffee or read
magazines amongst one another (Zadelhoff, et al., 2011). Being part of group homes allows the
family to participate in their everyday life while being free of the burden of caring for their
relative who is affected by dementia (Zadelhoff, et al., 2011).
There is some stress that comes with caring for a family member who is affected by
dementia. Whether they are in the beginning stage or they are in the late stage of their disease, it
can be difficult or even frustrating to care for them. Not only does being a caregiver for
someone with dementia cause stress, but it can cause a decrease in psychological health
(Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). This could both increase the caregiver’s mortality risk, and also lessen
the degree of care the patient is receiving from the caregiver (Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). There
have been numerous studies that show that caring for a person with dementia can negative
effects on the psychological health of a caregiver. Social isolation is an ongoing issue with
caregivers. They often lack the social contact and support they need which can cause them to
experience a feeling of social isolation (Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). While caring for someone who
6. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 6
has dementia, it is harder to pursue leisure activities and hobbies they enjoy participating in
(Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). “Caregivers who are more satisfied with their social interactions show
fewer negative psychological symptoms” (Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). It is also proven that
dementia caregivers are at an increased risk of developing health problems such as
cardiovascular problems, lower immunity, poorer immune response to vaccine, slower wound
healing, and higher levels of chronic conditions (Brodaty, Donkin, 2009). Caring for someone
with dementia can also cause a strain on one’s mental health to the point where they are more
likely to start smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and have poor sleep patterns (Brodaty,
Donkin, 2009).
Family members that are not caregivers are also affected by the ongoing changes with
their family, and around their home environment. Guilt is a common feeling among those with
family members who have dementia. They could feel guilty about the past and how that family
member might have been treated, or by their feeling of embarrassment for their family member’s
odd behavior, or for not wanting to take on the responsibility of caring for that person ("Impact
on family and friends”, 2014). If it comes to the point in time where the family member with
dementia goes into residential care it is common for the rest of the family to feel guilty for not
caring for them longer than they already had ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014).
When someone’s family member is diagnosed with dementia it can cause a feeling of
grief or loss for that person’s family. The family is faced with feeling as though they have lost
the person they were before the diagnosis ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014). Grief comes
at different times for everyone, and each person experiences grief in a different way, but it is
often caused by similar events such as the loss of the future that they were planning with their
family ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014). Family dinners at the grandparents’ house may
7. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 7
not be an option anymore because Grandma is not well enough to use the stove, or perhaps
holidays are different because Grandpa does not remember all of his grandchildren. The
slightest change in the outlook for the future could cause a feeling of grief and loss.
Anger is also a feeling that is associated with a familial diagnosis of dementia. Anger
comes with the new job of being a caregiver, or the fact that some family members will not help
with the new burden ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014). It is normal to feel distress,
frustration, exhaustion and annoyance with the affected person; but it is important to remember
that depending on the stage they are in, they are no longer in control of their actions or what they
have to say ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014).
With the aging population increasing as America’s life expectancy increases “efforts to
foster recognition of dementia and its treatments and to destigmatize them are emerging as an
increasingly important facet of public health intervention” (Chapman et al., 2006). Currently a
change in demographics is showing that there is a declining birth rate and an increasing average
life span. Because of this, the number of people aged sixty five years and older is expected to
increase from 35 million in the year 2000 to 71 million people in the year 2030 (Chapman et al.,
2006). The number of people who are eighty years and older is also expected to change from 9.3
million people in 2000 to 19.5 million in 2030 (Chapman et al., 2006). This shows that the
number of aged adults is going to increase dramatically making it exceptionally important to be
aware of the risks that come with age and future illnesses such as dementia (Chapman et al.,
2006). It has been reported that 20% of older adults have a psychiatric disorder and one of the
most common of these psychiatric disorders is dementia (Chapman et al., 2006). Dementia is a
source of great suffering for many people inflicted with the illness, but there are new
opportunities for intervention. One of the common causes of dementia is the destruction of the
8. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 8
neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Chapman et al., 2006). Acetylcholine is
a neurotransmitter that causes muscle action by transmitting nerve impulses across synapses.
There are medications that can block the enzyme that is responsible for breaking down
acetylcholine and inhibit cholinesterase which is found to increase the acetylcholine levels in the
brain (Chapman et al., 2006). This could slow the progression of some types of dementia, but it
is most effective in the early stages of the disease (Chapman et al., 2006). Another way of
potentially slowing the progression of dementia is physical activity. Dementia patients who are
physically active were associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment as compared to those
who did not participate in any physical activity (Chapman et al., 2006).
Preventative measures have also been discovered. Reading, playing games, doing
puzzles, and playing a musical instrument have been proven to decrease the risk for dementia
among older adults who are free of any cognitive impairment (Chapman et al., 2006). The future
of dementia is unclear at this time, but there are currently studies being done to determine
whether or not there are preventative measures that can be taken to decrease the risk of
developing dementia (Chapman et al., 2006).
“Dementia is a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a
number of disorders that affect the brain” (“NINDS”, 2013). It is characterized by symptoms
such as losing track of time, forgetfulness, becoming lost in familiar places, personality and
mood changes. Although Alzheimer’s is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States
there are still ways of treating it, but very few to prevent it (CDC, 2013). Treating it could be as
simple as altering daily routines to include more physical activity (Chapman, et al., 2006). Not
only is this good for the body overall, but it decreases the chance of their being psychological
impairment. Medications can help slow the progression of certain types of dementia, but other
9. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 9
than participating in activities that improve cognition there has not been any significant
breakthrough as to any other preventative measures (Chapman, et al., 2006). When it comes to
having a relative who suffers from dementia it is important to understand that often times they do
not have control over what they are saying or how they are feeling (CDC, 2013). Simple things
such as giving them a compliment on how they look or how well they did on a puzzle can greatly
improve their mood that day (CDC, 2013).
Understanding that confusion is a symptom of dementia could help a great deal with
caring for someone who is affected. Simple tasks like dressing oneself become harder to achieve.
This could cause feelings of frustration and anger towards the patient or family member who has
dementia ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014). Although these feelings are normal to
experience, it is important to know that being patient with anyone who has dementia is the key to
working through the problem. Caring for someone who has dementia can have negative effects
such as anxiety and depression on the primary care person ("Impact on family and friends”,
2014). It is proven that people who care for a family member with dementia are at a greater risk
of developing negative psychological symptoms, but if a care-giver still focuses on their own
social activities, it is less likely that negative psychological symptoms will arise ("Impact on
family and friends,” 2014). It would be beneficial for both the care giver and the patient if the
care giver was in good physical and psychological health. If the care-giver’s health is
deteriorating there is an increased risk that the patient will not be receiving the care they need or
deserve ("Impact on family and friends”, 2014).
Current projections show that the birth rate in America is decreasing while the life
expectancy is increasing. This means that a fairly large portion of our population is going to be
above the age of 65 by the year 2030 (Chapman, et al., 2006). While studies are being done to
10. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 10
determine if there are any effective preventative measures that can be taken the elderly
population is rising. This is why it is important to begin taking measures on education the health
care field and the public alike in ways to recognize the symptoms of dementia and care for those
who are affected by dementia (Chapman, et al., 2006).
11. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 11
References
Alzheimer's. (2015). Alzheimer's. Retrieved from http://longtermcare.gov/the-basics/alzheimers/
Alzheimer’s New Zealand for Dementia Support. (2015). Alzheimer’s New Zealand. Retrieved
from http://www.alzheimers.org.nz/
Baker, K., & Robertson, N. (2008). Coping with caring for someone with dementia: Reviewing
the literature about men. Aging & Mental Health, 12(4), 413-422. Retrieved from
http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.alvin.iii.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=62c85c0a-b431-4325-
891f45e4aa4c92ed@sessionmgr120&vid=5&hid=123&bdata=JnNjb3BlPXNpdGU=#A
N=105966170&db=c8h
Brodaty, H., & Donkin, M. (2009, June 11). Family caregivers of people with dementia.
Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181916/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013, October 4). Mental health. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/basics/mental-illness/dementia.htm
Chapman, D., Williams, S., Strine, T., Anda, R., & Moore, M. (2006, April 1). Dementia and its
implications for public health. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0167.htm
Dementia. (2015, March 1). Dementia. World Health Organization. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/
Impact on family and friends. (2014, April 10). Retrieved from
http://www.alzheimer.ca/en/Living-with-dementia/Staying-connected/How-relationships-
change/Impact-of-the-disease/Family-and-friends
Mayo Clinic. (2014, November 22). What is dementia. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dementia/basics/definition/con-20034399
12. THE EFFECTS OF DEMENTIA 12
Nursing Standard. (2014). The different types of dementia should be well known. Nursing
Standard, 28(7), 8-8. doi:http://0-dx.doi.org.alvin.iii.com/10.7748/ns2014.03.28.27.8.s5
NINDS Dementia Information Page. (2013, May 1). The Dementias: Hope through Research.
Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementias/dementia.htm
Pointon, B. (2011). Think relationships: Caring for someone with dementia. Quality in Ageing
and Older Adults, 67-75. Retrieved from http://0-
web.b.ebscohost.com.alvin.iii.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=62c85c0a-b431-4325-
891f45e4aa4c92ed@sessionmgr120&hid=123&bdata=JnNjb3BlPXNpdGU=#AN=10468
6155&db=c8h
Porcher, N. (2013, August 8). Symptoms. Lewy body dementia association. Retrieved from
http://www.lbda.org/content/symptoms
Types of Dementia. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.alz.org/dementia/types-of-dementia.asp
Zadelhoff, E., Verbeek, H., Widdershoven, G., Van Rossum, E., & Abma, T. (2011). Good care
in group home living for people with dementia. Experiences of residents, family and
nursing staff. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2490-5000. doi:http://0-
dx.doi.org.alvin.iii.com/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03759.x