The poem criticizes how the drum encourages young men to join the military through promises of glory and honor, while obscuring the true horrors of war. It uses repetition to mimic the constant beat of the drum that lures men in. While the first stanza depicts the false allure of military service, the second lists the "catalogue of human woes" that result from war, including "ravaged plains," "burning towns," and the "widows' tears and orphans' moans" left behind. The regular rhythm highlights how the drumbeat continues relentlessly despite the very real suffering it brings.