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THE BRAIN DAMAGE AND LANGUAGE physiology
- 1. THE BRAIN DAMAGE ANDLANGUAGE MODULE5LESSON3 GROUP10
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- 7. What is Primaryand Secondary Brain Injury? Primarybraininjury refers to the sudden and profound injury to the brain that is considered to be more or lesscompleteatthetimeofimpact.
- 8. What is Primaryand Secondary Brain Injury? Secondarybraininjury refers to the changes that evolve over a period of hours to days after the primary braininjury.
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- 10. Non-traumaticbraininjury(alsocommonlyreferred toasanacquiredbraininjuryorABI) causesdamagetothebrainbyinternalfactors. In this instance,“traumatic” refers to the cause of the injury, not in the psychological sense. Nontraumatic Brain damage
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- 13. Congenital brain defectsare abnormalities in the brain that are present at birth. There are many different types of these defects. They can vary greatlyfrommildtosevereconditions. Congenital Brain Injury
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- 18. Types of BrainTumors 1.Meningiomas 2.EncapsulatedTumors 3.InfiltratingTumors 4.BenignTumors 5.MalignantTumors 6.Gliomas 7.MetastaticTumors 8.AcousticNeuromas
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- 23. 1.BacterialInfections -Syphilis -GeneralParesis 2. ViralInfections -Rabies -Mumps&Herpes 2 Causesof Infections of the Brain
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- 27. PHYSICAL PERCEPTUAL BEHAVIORAL/ EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE 1 3 2 4 Thereare FOUR MAJORCATEGORIES ofsymptomsofbraindamage
- 28. Difficulty processing information Difficultyin expressing thoughts Difficulty understanding others Shortened attention span Inability to understand abstract concepts Impaired decision-making ability Memory loss COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS
- 29. Change in vision,hearing, or sense of touch Spatial disorientation Inability to sense time Disorders of smell and taste Balance issues Heightened sensitivity to pain PERCEPTUAL SYMPTOMS
- 30. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Persistent headaches Extrememental fatigue Extreme physical fatigue Paralysis Weakness Tremors
- 31. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Seizures Sensitivity tolight Sleep disorders Slurred speech Loss of consciousness
- 32. BEHAVIORAL/EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS Irritability and impatience Reducedtolerance for stress Sluggishness Flattened or heightened emotions or reactions Denial of disability Increased aggressiveness
- 33. What part ofthe brain are responsible for speech and language?
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- 36. The Broca’s andWernicke’s Area
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- 40. APHASIA is the termused to describe an acquired loss of language that causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading and writing.
- 41. APHASIA Three most commontypes of Aphasia: Expressive Aphasia Receptive Aphasia Global Aphasia
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- 43. BROCA’S APHASIA Also knownas Nonfluent Aphasia or Expressive Aphasia. Related to language and not the vocal muscles; Slow and awkward with all forms of language communication. Speech is meaningful but sparse.
- 44. BROCA’S APHASIA Omits pronouns,prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, quantifiers, and tense and number endings. Closed Class: Prepositions, conjunctions, helping verbs. Open Class: New nouns and verbs.
- 45. BROCA’S APHASIA: Problems inComprehending Grammatical Words and Devices People with Broca’s Aphasia understand most speech, except when the meaning depends on prepositions, word endings, or complex grammar.
- 46. BROCA’S APHASIA: Problems inComprehending Grammatical Words and Devices
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- 49. WERNICKE’S APHASIA Also knownas Fluent Aphasia or Receptive Aphasia. Poor language comprehension. Impaired ability to remember the names of objects. Omits most nouns and verbs.
- 50. WERNICKE’S APHASIA Typical characteristicsof Wernicke’s Aphasia:
- 51. WERNICKE’S APHASIA Typical characteristicsof Wernicke’s Aphasia: 1. Articulate speech
- 52. WERNICKE’S APHASIA ARTICULATE SPEECH Speaksfluently. Pausing when trying to think of the name of something. Have no trouble with prepositions, conjunctions, or grammar.
- 53. WERNICKE’S APHASIA Typical characteristicsof Wernicke’s Aphasia: 1. Articulate speech 2. Difficulty finding the right word
- 54. WERNICKE’S APHASIA DIFFICULTY FINDINGTHE RIGHT WORD: Anomia. Make up names; substitute one name for another. Arrange words improperly.
- 55. WERNICKE’S APHASIA Typical characteristicsof Wernicke’s Aphasia: 1. Articulate speech 2. Difficulty finding the right word 3. Poor language comprehension
- 56. WERNICKE’S APHASIA POOR LANGUAGECOMPREHENSION Have trouble understanding speech, writing, and sign language.
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- 59. GLOBAL APHASIA Most severeform of Aphasia; Impairment of both Broca’s Aphasia and Wernicke’s Aphasia. Speech and language are affected. Significantly impaired comprehension. Can perform normally on Nonverbal tasks.
- 61. ADDITIONAL TYPE OFAPHASIA PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
- 62. ADDITIONAL TYPE OFAPHASIA PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA Neurological disorder that causes a person to gradually lose language skills. Neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s disease or/and frontotemporal Dementia). Some types of PPA: Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia (IvPPA) Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia (nfvPPA) Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA)
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- 64. PARAPHASIA is a speechdisorder with neurological origins. The production of speech is not correct.
- 65. THREE TYPES OF PARAPHASIA Phonemicparaphasia Verbal paraphasia Neologistic paraphasia
- 66. PHONEMIC PARAPHASIA incorrect phonemesare substituted. VERBAL PARAPHASIA saying a completely different word than the one intended. NEOLOGISTIC PARAPHASIA Also referred to as Neologism. Use of non-real words in place of the intended word. Invented words do not sound similar to the intended word. more than half of a word is incorrect.
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- 68. DYSLEXIA Learning disability thatdisrupts how your brain processes written language. A reading disorder, one that does not result from general visual, motor, or intelllectual deficits. There are two fundamentally different types of dyslexia
- 69. DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA This becomesapparent when a child is learning to read This is more common and its causes are less obvious This disorder has a heritability estimate of about 50 percent Developlmental dyslexia has been attributed to attentional, auditory, visual, and sensimotor deficits
- 70. DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA However, thesedeficits are not present in every patient Therefore this resulted to the widespread agreement that dyslexia results most commonly from a specific disturbance of phonological processing (the representation and comprehension of speech sounds)
- 71. ACQUIRED DYSLEXIA Caused bybrain damage in individuals who were already capable of reading
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