Using deep learning and Google Street View to estimate the demographic makeup...eraser Juan José Calderón
Using deep learning and Google Street View to
estimate the demographic makeup of neighborhoods
across the United States. Timnit Gebrua,1, Jonathan Krausea
, Yilun Wanga
, Duyun Chena
, Jia Dengb
, Erez Lieberman Aidenc,d,e, and Li Fei-Feia
Talk given August 29, 2018 at the 1st Biannual Conference on Design of Experimental Search & Information Retrieval Systems (DESIRES 2018). Paper: https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~ml/papers/lease-desires18.pdf
Electronic Media And United States TerrorismThomas Riner
This document analyzes the relationship between increased availability of electronic media and domestic terrorism in the United States over the last 20 years. It finds that while electronic media access has greatly increased, the number of indicted or killed domestic terrorists has not shown a clear rising trend. Statistical analysis finds no significant difference between the number of terrorist cases in recent years compared to earlier years, despite vast growth in internet usage. While electronic tools may aid terrorist communications, the data does not support the hypothesis that increased information access has led to more domestic terror cells or activities in the U.S.
Federal Statistical System, Transparency Camp Westbradstenger
Peter Orszag, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, cites "evidence-based policy" to support healthcare reform. However, his evidence comes from Dartmouth University rather than the Federal Statistical System overseen by Katherine Wallman. The statistical system faces challenges in meeting transparency goals due to cultural and technical issues. While statistics are underfunded at just $10-25 per taxpayer, they provide crucial information and were important in WWII. Collaboration between journalists, programmers, statisticians, and policymakers could help improve the system.
This document discusses information behaviors in the U.S. intelligence community. It notes that intelligence analysts experience information overload due to the vast amounts of data they must process each day from numerous sources. This overload can compromise their efficiency and ability to identify threats in a timely manner. The document also examines issues between different levels of government in the intelligence community, such as a lack of consistent training and information sharing between federal, state, and local agencies. It proposes applying theories of information behavior from library and information science, such as minimizing effort, to help analysts better manage information overload.
This document discusses the importance of data visualization and provides examples of effective data visualizations. It begins by defining data visualization and explaining why it is important for communicating analytical results and insights to diverse audiences. It then provides examples of pioneering data visualizations from Florence Nightingale and William Playford. Finally, it showcases various modern data visualization tools and interactive examples using datasets on marriage trends, time use, music popularity, air quality, and sports analytics.
Not-so-obvious Online Data Sources for Demographic ResearchIngmar Weber
Slides from ICWSM'17 workshop on Social Media for Demographic Research (https://sites.google.com/site/smdrworkshop/program). Data sets include Facebook's ad audience estimates, Google Correlate, online genealogy and much more. Contact Ingmar directly to learn more.
Trump vs Clinton - Polling Opinions: How the polls were wrong and how to fix...chrisbrock54
This document discusses ways that pollsters could improve their election predictions in the future based on failures in the 2016 US presidential election. It identifies several issues with polls in 2016, including relying on small sample sizes, outdated polling methods, and neglecting online data sources. It then provides eight fixes for pollsters, such as applying robust statistical models, incorporating modern technology and online data, accurately assessing the impact of scandals, and utilizing digital advertising data from Facebook. The overall message is that pollsters need to embrace new data sources and statistical methods to make more accurate predictions.
Using deep learning and Google Street View to estimate the demographic makeup...eraser Juan José Calderón
Using deep learning and Google Street View to
estimate the demographic makeup of neighborhoods
across the United States. Timnit Gebrua,1, Jonathan Krausea
, Yilun Wanga
, Duyun Chena
, Jia Dengb
, Erez Lieberman Aidenc,d,e, and Li Fei-Feia
Talk given August 29, 2018 at the 1st Biannual Conference on Design of Experimental Search & Information Retrieval Systems (DESIRES 2018). Paper: https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~ml/papers/lease-desires18.pdf
Electronic Media And United States TerrorismThomas Riner
This document analyzes the relationship between increased availability of electronic media and domestic terrorism in the United States over the last 20 years. It finds that while electronic media access has greatly increased, the number of indicted or killed domestic terrorists has not shown a clear rising trend. Statistical analysis finds no significant difference between the number of terrorist cases in recent years compared to earlier years, despite vast growth in internet usage. While electronic tools may aid terrorist communications, the data does not support the hypothesis that increased information access has led to more domestic terror cells or activities in the U.S.
Federal Statistical System, Transparency Camp Westbradstenger
Peter Orszag, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, cites "evidence-based policy" to support healthcare reform. However, his evidence comes from Dartmouth University rather than the Federal Statistical System overseen by Katherine Wallman. The statistical system faces challenges in meeting transparency goals due to cultural and technical issues. While statistics are underfunded at just $10-25 per taxpayer, they provide crucial information and were important in WWII. Collaboration between journalists, programmers, statisticians, and policymakers could help improve the system.
This document discusses information behaviors in the U.S. intelligence community. It notes that intelligence analysts experience information overload due to the vast amounts of data they must process each day from numerous sources. This overload can compromise their efficiency and ability to identify threats in a timely manner. The document also examines issues between different levels of government in the intelligence community, such as a lack of consistent training and information sharing between federal, state, and local agencies. It proposes applying theories of information behavior from library and information science, such as minimizing effort, to help analysts better manage information overload.
This document discusses the importance of data visualization and provides examples of effective data visualizations. It begins by defining data visualization and explaining why it is important for communicating analytical results and insights to diverse audiences. It then provides examples of pioneering data visualizations from Florence Nightingale and William Playford. Finally, it showcases various modern data visualization tools and interactive examples using datasets on marriage trends, time use, music popularity, air quality, and sports analytics.
Not-so-obvious Online Data Sources for Demographic ResearchIngmar Weber
Slides from ICWSM'17 workshop on Social Media for Demographic Research (https://sites.google.com/site/smdrworkshop/program). Data sets include Facebook's ad audience estimates, Google Correlate, online genealogy and much more. Contact Ingmar directly to learn more.
Trump vs Clinton - Polling Opinions: How the polls were wrong and how to fix...chrisbrock54
This document discusses ways that pollsters could improve their election predictions in the future based on failures in the 2016 US presidential election. It identifies several issues with polls in 2016, including relying on small sample sizes, outdated polling methods, and neglecting online data sources. It then provides eight fixes for pollsters, such as applying robust statistical models, incorporating modern technology and online data, accurately assessing the impact of scandals, and utilizing digital advertising data from Facebook. The overall message is that pollsters need to embrace new data sources and statistical methods to make more accurate predictions.
This interview summarizes the work of UN Global Pulse, an initiative that explores how big data and real-time analytics can help with sustainable development efforts. The director, Robert Kirkpatrick, discusses Global Pulse's mission to accelerate the use of data science to protect populations from shocks. They derive data from sources like social media, mobile phone metadata, and other digital traces to gain insights into issues like food security, public health, and economic trends. Kirkpatrick highlights challenges like building analytical capacity, maintaining responsible data partnerships, and addressing issues of data access and privacy at scale. He provides examples of projects in Indonesia that use social media to study food prices and vulnerabilities.
(Lim Jun Hao) G8 Individual Essay for BGSJun Hao Lim
The key issues at the crux of the Snowden affair are government surveillance and its impact on citizens' privacy and democracy. The main stakeholders are governments who conduct surveillance in the name of national security, citizens whose data is being collected, and large corporations that assist with data collection. Citizens should be concerned because ubiquitous surveillance could threaten democratic ideals and turn countries into police states, especially if data falls into the wrong hands. While surveillance may be necessary to combat terrorism, current methods have flaws and do not respect citizens' right to privacy or representation.
The document is a study guide for the Human Rights Council that discusses two topics: the right to privacy in the digital age and addressing the increase in domestic violence. For topic A on the right to privacy, the summary provides background on worldwide surveillance programs like the Five Eyes alliance and how digital technology has impacted privacy. It outlines different bloc positions, with China and Russia expressing concerns about privacy violations and data collection, while the UK and US take different regulatory approaches. The timeline highlights key events in surveillance programs and social media privacy issues.
Here's a brief look at how Donald Trump's team used Facebook in the 2016 USA Presidential Election campaign, the role Cambridge Analytica played and how increasingly targeted and subjective 'news' is impacting trust and consumption behaviours.
The Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center asked digital stakeholders to weigh two scenarios for 2020, select the one most likely to evolve, and elaborate on the choice. One sketched out a relatively positive future where Big Data are drawn together in ways that will improve social, political, and economic intelligence. The other expressed the view that Big Data could cause more problems than it solves between now and 2020
PRISM is a secret NSA program that collects intelligence from major tech companies like Google and Facebook. It allows analysts access to emails, chats, photos, and other data from foreigners using these services. While the NSA claims PRISM only targets non-US persons abroad, it may also incidentally collect some data on Americans due to large amounts of foreign data being routed through US servers. The program is conducted under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act but was leaked to the public by Edward Snowden.
Roger hoerl say award presentation 2013Roger Hoerl
This document discusses how statistical engineering principles can help address challenges with "Big Data" projects. It argues that simply having powerful algorithms and large datasets does not guarantee good models or results. The leadership challenge for statisticians is to ensure Big Data projects are built on sound modeling foundations rather than hype. Statistical engineering principles like understanding data quality, using sequential approaches, and integrating subject matter knowledge can help improve the success of Big Data analyses and provide the statistical profession an opportunity for leadership in this area. Statistical engineering provides a framework to structure Big Data projects and incorporate fundamentals of good science that are sometimes overlooked.
What Data Can Do: A Typology of Mechanisms
Angèle Christin .
International Journal of Communication > Vol 14 (2020) , de Angèle Christin del Departamento de Comunicación de Stanford University, USA titulado "What Data Can Do: A Typology of Mechanisms". Entre otras cosas es autora del libro "Metrics at Work.
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era chara.docxadolphoyonker
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era characterized by information explosion is coming. Public security relies on predictive policing to improve its work efficiency. Predictive policing based on large data analysis, it predicts which area of a city is most likely to occurs crimes and where criminals are most likely to be found. Privacy and civil rights must be seriously considered the problems of predictive policing, especially those who are predicted as offenders or victims. In the fiction short story “The Minority Report” by Philip K. Dick, describing Washington in 2054, the judicial system has been able to predict crime through psychological technology, system helps arrest the before he commits the crime. Dick shows his concern about predictive policing, which has been consistently developed; however, the main problem with predictive policing is its reliability. Although this is only a science fiction vision of the future, PredPol has made it a reality to some extent. Recently, the Los Angeles Police Department announced an expansion of the use of crime prediction software to speculate when and where crime is most likely to occur. Dick’s concern supports modern criticism of predictive policing and technology that crime prediction models are based on flawed statistics that reflect inherent prejudices in the criminal justice system.
Dick’s concern about predictive policing were that it is not accurate and contain lots of flaw. John Anderton, one of the elites of the pre-crime team, was accused of murdering a man he didn't know. In the process of his death and pursuit, Anderton learned that it was the three “PreCogs” who had the power to decide whether a person's guilt was ultimately established. If two of them are found guilty and the other disagrees, the last one is in the minority, whose opinion is called Minority Report. In story, Anderton states, "If the system can survive only by imprisoning innocent people, then it deserves to be destroyed. My personal safety is important because I'm a human being. And furthermore-"(Anderton, 114) By using the word “innocent,” Dick shows the potential unreliability of the predict technology. After reconsidered the meaning of pre-crime system, Anderton realized that what he has believed was successful is all built on the suffering of the people and threatening their lives. Dick emphasizes that the predictive technology should seek a balance between protecting individual privacy and safety. This action makes the argument of whether the society should trust the predictive policing system. In the end, Anderton did not kill the person who appeared in the Precogs’ prediction. However, the matter is that it's not possible to penalize someone before he commits a criminal offense simply because he's judged to own a motive.
The not accuracy and flaws contain in predictive policing that Dick’s concern has still value in the modern society… (missing second part of the prompt which is Analyze.
Democracy: The Least Bad Form of GovernmentVYTIS MALECKAS
The document discusses the history and future of democracy. It notes that while democracy is widely viewed as the best system today, it was not always seen that way and was rarely used throughout history. The rise of advanced algorithms and AI threatens some core principles of democracy by potentially allowing computers to better understand public preferences and policy choices than voters or politicians. This could further reduce voter turnout and participation. Looking to ancient Greece, the first widespread democracy, the document suggests that democracy emerged as a solution to not having obvious rulers, but declined when leaders like Alexander were viewed as divine or superhuman. Advanced technologies may similarly undermine democracy's claims of being the most efficient and just system if they are seen as having godlike knowledge and abilities that sur
AI should be Fair, Accountable and Transparent (FAT* AI), hence it's crucial to raise awareness among these topics not only among machine learning practitioners but among the entire population, as ML systems can take life-changing decisions and influence our lives now more than ever.
Krempley 1
POL 300
Google/Multi-National Corporations, International Surveillance, and Human Rights
Abstract
The many news reports on cyber security, identity theft, Wikileaks, and NSA intelligence gathering programs over the past few years have shown the international community that the World Wide Web is anything but a safe place to store sensitive information, or any information for that matter. This study will examine how closely multi-national corporations in the information technology sector, such as Google, are involved with national governments on these issues. The study will analyze events in the U.S. and China and attempt to uncover whether or not these have directly infringed upon peoples’ basic human rights.
Question
With emerging information regarding the NSA's PRISM program and China's "Golden Shield Project", has either country directly infringed on peoples' basic human rights?
Hypothesis
As more information is uncovered regarding the true nature of the aims of these internationally implemented programs, it has become increasingly clear that there have been multiple violations of peoples' human rights in both the United States and China with their respective monitoring programs.
The NSA and the PRISM Project
"Since September 11th, 2001, the United States government has dramatically increased the ability of its intelligence agencies to collect and investigate information on both foreign subjects and US citizens. Some of these surveillance programs, including a secret program called PRISM, capture the private data of citizens who are not suspected of any connection to terrorism or any wrongdoing." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) Under the guise of a "war on terror", the United States government has consistently upped its efforts to gather as much information as possible regarding the activities of international and domestic citizens alike. Most U.S. citizens were wholly unaware that the government had been running a secret filtration program to determine threat levels of individual citizens both domestically and abroad. This PRISM project and its intentions have recently been leaked in the Edward Snowden fiasco that took the country and the media by storm.
"PRISM is a tool used by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect private electronic data belonging to users of major internet services like Gmail, Facebook, Outlook, and others. It’s the latest evolution of the US government’s post-9/11 electronic surveillance efforts, which began under President Bush with the Patriot Act, and expanded to include the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) enacted in 2006 and 2007." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) FISA, "...may be the most powerful court you have never heard of -- operating out of a bunker-like complex blocks from the Capitol and the White House -- sealed tightly to prevent eavesdropping.The FISA Court's larger mission is to decide whether to grant certain types of government requests-- wiretapping, data anal ...
Digital Breadcrums: Investigating Internet Crime with Open Source Intelligenc...Nicholas Tancredi
Capstone project for a 12-week online course with the International Association of Crime Analysts. My topic was on how crime and intelligence analysts are using open source intelligence (OSINT) to investigate Internet crime.
The document discusses trends in demographics, sociopolitical issues, technology, and economics that are shaping the knowable future from 2000 to 2100. It analyzes forecasting methods used to predict these trends and outlines a future forecast of three industrial revolutions driven by the economic maturation of technology. The summary concludes by introducing the Central Texas Chapter of the World Future Society and its mission to study and raise awareness of future impacts on Central Texas.
ChatGPT invented a sexual harassment scandal and named a real law prof as the accused. The AI chatbot can misrepresent key facts with great flourish, even citing a fake Washington Post article as evidence.
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligenc...Randy Siwiec
Published group project from Harvard University to the Congressional Intelligence Committees and National Security Counsel (NSC) addressing Russia's interference of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election.
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligenc...Randy Siwiec
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligence committee on Russia's interference of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election
Digital Breadcrumbs- Investigating Internet Crime with Open Source Intellige...Nicholas Tancredi
This document discusses how open source intelligence (OSINT) tools and techniques can help law enforcement investigate internet crimes. It provides examples of how social media analysis and dark web investigations have helped identify suspects and combat issues like child pornography. The document also references statistics and studies on topics like drug markets on the dark web and how social media is exploited for criminal activities. It advocates for law enforcement to make use of social media searches and data mining frameworks to facilitate cybercrime investigations and intelligence gathering.
Article CritiqueThis assignment provides you with an opportunity t.docxrosemaryralphs52525
Article Critique
This assignment provides you with an opportunity to read an article and then to share your thoughts about the article by critiquing the details, including the decisions made.In order to access the resource below, you must first log into the myCSU Student Portal and access the AcademicOneFile database within the CSU Online Library.This article includes details and assertions about the ethical choices/decisions made by Edward J. Snowden, a formerNational Security Agency (NSA) contractor. Here is the reference citation for the article:Securing our liberty. (2013). Commonweal, 140(12), 5.After reading the article, draft a two-page response by discussing the U.S. government’s decision to acquire phone andinternet data without disclosing its intentions to citizens. For this assignment, consider the NSA as an organization (i.e.,business) and Snowden as a manager. How have the decisions of this event impacted the fairness of the U.S.government, its citizens, and Snowden? How did ethics, perhaps, influence Snowden’s decision to leak information? Inthis event, what is the greater good and also the consequences/sacrifices of that greater good? Based on the details ofthis event, what can we learn about making important decisions as a leader and manager?This event was covered by several news and media organizations, so there should be plenty of articles in the library.Conduct a bit more research in the online library related to this event involving Edward Snowden and the U.S.government—see what else you can discover about the event to determine an appropriate punishment, if any, forSnowden’s conduct. Include at least one additional source from the library in your response.The purpose of this assignment is for you to think critically about managers (and other leaders) making importantdecisions, and the process managers use to make important decisions. Consider how important it is to collect all of thefacts before making an important decision, such as those involving fairness and ethics.Use APA Style to format your response. Proofread your work, and submit it in Blackboard for grading.Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.
Below is the article.
Edward J. Snowden, the thirty-year-old former National Security Agency contractor who handed over a treasure trove of classified documents about U.S. government surveillance to the Washington Post and Britain's Guardian, is a hero to some and a traitor to others. He claims to have acted out of a sense of outrage over the NSA's indiscriminate collection of the phone and internet records of Americans, decrying the danger such intrusive government oversight poses to democracy and privacy. Snowden subsequently fled to Hong Kong, and from there to Moscow. His eventual destination appears to be Ecuador, Cuba, or Venezuela.
Snowden's efforts to elude U.S. authorities cast an ambiguous light on his motives; the countries where he has sought refuge.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
This interview summarizes the work of UN Global Pulse, an initiative that explores how big data and real-time analytics can help with sustainable development efforts. The director, Robert Kirkpatrick, discusses Global Pulse's mission to accelerate the use of data science to protect populations from shocks. They derive data from sources like social media, mobile phone metadata, and other digital traces to gain insights into issues like food security, public health, and economic trends. Kirkpatrick highlights challenges like building analytical capacity, maintaining responsible data partnerships, and addressing issues of data access and privacy at scale. He provides examples of projects in Indonesia that use social media to study food prices and vulnerabilities.
(Lim Jun Hao) G8 Individual Essay for BGSJun Hao Lim
The key issues at the crux of the Snowden affair are government surveillance and its impact on citizens' privacy and democracy. The main stakeholders are governments who conduct surveillance in the name of national security, citizens whose data is being collected, and large corporations that assist with data collection. Citizens should be concerned because ubiquitous surveillance could threaten democratic ideals and turn countries into police states, especially if data falls into the wrong hands. While surveillance may be necessary to combat terrorism, current methods have flaws and do not respect citizens' right to privacy or representation.
The document is a study guide for the Human Rights Council that discusses two topics: the right to privacy in the digital age and addressing the increase in domestic violence. For topic A on the right to privacy, the summary provides background on worldwide surveillance programs like the Five Eyes alliance and how digital technology has impacted privacy. It outlines different bloc positions, with China and Russia expressing concerns about privacy violations and data collection, while the UK and US take different regulatory approaches. The timeline highlights key events in surveillance programs and social media privacy issues.
Here's a brief look at how Donald Trump's team used Facebook in the 2016 USA Presidential Election campaign, the role Cambridge Analytica played and how increasingly targeted and subjective 'news' is impacting trust and consumption behaviours.
The Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center asked digital stakeholders to weigh two scenarios for 2020, select the one most likely to evolve, and elaborate on the choice. One sketched out a relatively positive future where Big Data are drawn together in ways that will improve social, political, and economic intelligence. The other expressed the view that Big Data could cause more problems than it solves between now and 2020
PRISM is a secret NSA program that collects intelligence from major tech companies like Google and Facebook. It allows analysts access to emails, chats, photos, and other data from foreigners using these services. While the NSA claims PRISM only targets non-US persons abroad, it may also incidentally collect some data on Americans due to large amounts of foreign data being routed through US servers. The program is conducted under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act but was leaked to the public by Edward Snowden.
Roger hoerl say award presentation 2013Roger Hoerl
This document discusses how statistical engineering principles can help address challenges with "Big Data" projects. It argues that simply having powerful algorithms and large datasets does not guarantee good models or results. The leadership challenge for statisticians is to ensure Big Data projects are built on sound modeling foundations rather than hype. Statistical engineering principles like understanding data quality, using sequential approaches, and integrating subject matter knowledge can help improve the success of Big Data analyses and provide the statistical profession an opportunity for leadership in this area. Statistical engineering provides a framework to structure Big Data projects and incorporate fundamentals of good science that are sometimes overlooked.
What Data Can Do: A Typology of Mechanisms
Angèle Christin .
International Journal of Communication > Vol 14 (2020) , de Angèle Christin del Departamento de Comunicación de Stanford University, USA titulado "What Data Can Do: A Typology of Mechanisms". Entre otras cosas es autora del libro "Metrics at Work.
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era chara.docxadolphoyonker
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era characterized by information explosion is coming. Public security relies on predictive policing to improve its work efficiency. Predictive policing based on large data analysis, it predicts which area of a city is most likely to occurs crimes and where criminals are most likely to be found. Privacy and civil rights must be seriously considered the problems of predictive policing, especially those who are predicted as offenders or victims. In the fiction short story “The Minority Report” by Philip K. Dick, describing Washington in 2054, the judicial system has been able to predict crime through psychological technology, system helps arrest the before he commits the crime. Dick shows his concern about predictive policing, which has been consistently developed; however, the main problem with predictive policing is its reliability. Although this is only a science fiction vision of the future, PredPol has made it a reality to some extent. Recently, the Los Angeles Police Department announced an expansion of the use of crime prediction software to speculate when and where crime is most likely to occur. Dick’s concern supports modern criticism of predictive policing and technology that crime prediction models are based on flawed statistics that reflect inherent prejudices in the criminal justice system.
Dick’s concern about predictive policing were that it is not accurate and contain lots of flaw. John Anderton, one of the elites of the pre-crime team, was accused of murdering a man he didn't know. In the process of his death and pursuit, Anderton learned that it was the three “PreCogs” who had the power to decide whether a person's guilt was ultimately established. If two of them are found guilty and the other disagrees, the last one is in the minority, whose opinion is called Minority Report. In story, Anderton states, "If the system can survive only by imprisoning innocent people, then it deserves to be destroyed. My personal safety is important because I'm a human being. And furthermore-"(Anderton, 114) By using the word “innocent,” Dick shows the potential unreliability of the predict technology. After reconsidered the meaning of pre-crime system, Anderton realized that what he has believed was successful is all built on the suffering of the people and threatening their lives. Dick emphasizes that the predictive technology should seek a balance between protecting individual privacy and safety. This action makes the argument of whether the society should trust the predictive policing system. In the end, Anderton did not kill the person who appeared in the Precogs’ prediction. However, the matter is that it's not possible to penalize someone before he commits a criminal offense simply because he's judged to own a motive.
The not accuracy and flaws contain in predictive policing that Dick’s concern has still value in the modern society… (missing second part of the prompt which is Analyze.
Democracy: The Least Bad Form of GovernmentVYTIS MALECKAS
The document discusses the history and future of democracy. It notes that while democracy is widely viewed as the best system today, it was not always seen that way and was rarely used throughout history. The rise of advanced algorithms and AI threatens some core principles of democracy by potentially allowing computers to better understand public preferences and policy choices than voters or politicians. This could further reduce voter turnout and participation. Looking to ancient Greece, the first widespread democracy, the document suggests that democracy emerged as a solution to not having obvious rulers, but declined when leaders like Alexander were viewed as divine or superhuman. Advanced technologies may similarly undermine democracy's claims of being the most efficient and just system if they are seen as having godlike knowledge and abilities that sur
AI should be Fair, Accountable and Transparent (FAT* AI), hence it's crucial to raise awareness among these topics not only among machine learning practitioners but among the entire population, as ML systems can take life-changing decisions and influence our lives now more than ever.
Krempley 1
POL 300
Google/Multi-National Corporations, International Surveillance, and Human Rights
Abstract
The many news reports on cyber security, identity theft, Wikileaks, and NSA intelligence gathering programs over the past few years have shown the international community that the World Wide Web is anything but a safe place to store sensitive information, or any information for that matter. This study will examine how closely multi-national corporations in the information technology sector, such as Google, are involved with national governments on these issues. The study will analyze events in the U.S. and China and attempt to uncover whether or not these have directly infringed upon peoples’ basic human rights.
Question
With emerging information regarding the NSA's PRISM program and China's "Golden Shield Project", has either country directly infringed on peoples' basic human rights?
Hypothesis
As more information is uncovered regarding the true nature of the aims of these internationally implemented programs, it has become increasingly clear that there have been multiple violations of peoples' human rights in both the United States and China with their respective monitoring programs.
The NSA and the PRISM Project
"Since September 11th, 2001, the United States government has dramatically increased the ability of its intelligence agencies to collect and investigate information on both foreign subjects and US citizens. Some of these surveillance programs, including a secret program called PRISM, capture the private data of citizens who are not suspected of any connection to terrorism or any wrongdoing." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) Under the guise of a "war on terror", the United States government has consistently upped its efforts to gather as much information as possible regarding the activities of international and domestic citizens alike. Most U.S. citizens were wholly unaware that the government had been running a secret filtration program to determine threat levels of individual citizens both domestically and abroad. This PRISM project and its intentions have recently been leaked in the Edward Snowden fiasco that took the country and the media by storm.
"PRISM is a tool used by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect private electronic data belonging to users of major internet services like Gmail, Facebook, Outlook, and others. It’s the latest evolution of the US government’s post-9/11 electronic surveillance efforts, which began under President Bush with the Patriot Act, and expanded to include the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) enacted in 2006 and 2007." (Sottek&Kopstein, 2013) FISA, "...may be the most powerful court you have never heard of -- operating out of a bunker-like complex blocks from the Capitol and the White House -- sealed tightly to prevent eavesdropping.The FISA Court's larger mission is to decide whether to grant certain types of government requests-- wiretapping, data anal ...
Digital Breadcrums: Investigating Internet Crime with Open Source Intelligenc...Nicholas Tancredi
Capstone project for a 12-week online course with the International Association of Crime Analysts. My topic was on how crime and intelligence analysts are using open source intelligence (OSINT) to investigate Internet crime.
The document discusses trends in demographics, sociopolitical issues, technology, and economics that are shaping the knowable future from 2000 to 2100. It analyzes forecasting methods used to predict these trends and outlines a future forecast of three industrial revolutions driven by the economic maturation of technology. The summary concludes by introducing the Central Texas Chapter of the World Future Society and its mission to study and raise awareness of future impacts on Central Texas.
ChatGPT invented a sexual harassment scandal and named a real law prof as the accused. The AI chatbot can misrepresent key facts with great flourish, even citing a fake Washington Post article as evidence.
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligenc...Randy Siwiec
Published group project from Harvard University to the Congressional Intelligence Committees and National Security Counsel (NSC) addressing Russia's interference of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election.
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligenc...Randy Siwiec
Randall siwiec Harvard university (group) paper for congressional intelligence committee on Russia's interference of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election
Digital Breadcrumbs- Investigating Internet Crime with Open Source Intellige...Nicholas Tancredi
This document discusses how open source intelligence (OSINT) tools and techniques can help law enforcement investigate internet crimes. It provides examples of how social media analysis and dark web investigations have helped identify suspects and combat issues like child pornography. The document also references statistics and studies on topics like drug markets on the dark web and how social media is exploited for criminal activities. It advocates for law enforcement to make use of social media searches and data mining frameworks to facilitate cybercrime investigations and intelligence gathering.
Article CritiqueThis assignment provides you with an opportunity t.docxrosemaryralphs52525
Article Critique
This assignment provides you with an opportunity to read an article and then to share your thoughts about the article by critiquing the details, including the decisions made.In order to access the resource below, you must first log into the myCSU Student Portal and access the AcademicOneFile database within the CSU Online Library.This article includes details and assertions about the ethical choices/decisions made by Edward J. Snowden, a formerNational Security Agency (NSA) contractor. Here is the reference citation for the article:Securing our liberty. (2013). Commonweal, 140(12), 5.After reading the article, draft a two-page response by discussing the U.S. government’s decision to acquire phone andinternet data without disclosing its intentions to citizens. For this assignment, consider the NSA as an organization (i.e.,business) and Snowden as a manager. How have the decisions of this event impacted the fairness of the U.S.government, its citizens, and Snowden? How did ethics, perhaps, influence Snowden’s decision to leak information? Inthis event, what is the greater good and also the consequences/sacrifices of that greater good? Based on the details ofthis event, what can we learn about making important decisions as a leader and manager?This event was covered by several news and media organizations, so there should be plenty of articles in the library.Conduct a bit more research in the online library related to this event involving Edward Snowden and the U.S.government—see what else you can discover about the event to determine an appropriate punishment, if any, forSnowden’s conduct. Include at least one additional source from the library in your response.The purpose of this assignment is for you to think critically about managers (and other leaders) making importantdecisions, and the process managers use to make important decisions. Consider how important it is to collect all of thefacts before making an important decision, such as those involving fairness and ethics.Use APA Style to format your response. Proofread your work, and submit it in Blackboard for grading.Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.
Below is the article.
Edward J. Snowden, the thirty-year-old former National Security Agency contractor who handed over a treasure trove of classified documents about U.S. government surveillance to the Washington Post and Britain's Guardian, is a hero to some and a traitor to others. He claims to have acted out of a sense of outrage over the NSA's indiscriminate collection of the phone and internet records of Americans, decrying the danger such intrusive government oversight poses to democracy and privacy. Snowden subsequently fled to Hong Kong, and from there to Moscow. His eventual destination appears to be Ecuador, Cuba, or Venezuela.
Snowden's efforts to elude U.S. authorities cast an ambiguous light on his motives; the countries where he has sought refuge.
Similar to The battle to prevent another Jan. 6 features a new weapon: The algorithm (20)
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The battle to prevent another Jan. 6 features a new weapon: The algorithm
1. 7/1/22, 4:29 PM
Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
Page 1 of 6
https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
The battle to prevent another Jan. 6
features a new weapon: The
algorithm
A year after the attack on the Capitol, data scientists
say artificial intelligence can help forecast
insurrection — with some big concerns
Steven Zeitchik 5:00 a.m. EST
Supporters of President Donald Trump climb the west wall of the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021. Machine learning
is being employed to try to predict future events like this one, with intriguing but fraught results. (Jose Luis
Magana/AP)
“We now have the data — and opportunity — to pursue a very different
path than we did before,” said Clayton Besaw, who helps run CoupCast, a
machine-learning-driven program based at the University of Central
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Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
Page 2 of 6
https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
Florida that predicts the likelihood of coups and electoral violence for
dozens of countries each month.
The efforts have acquired new urgency with the recent sounding of alarms
in the United States. Last month, three retired generals warned in a
Washington Post op-ed that they saw conditions becoming increasingly
susceptible to a military coup after the 2024 election. Former president
Jimmy Carter, writing in the New York Times, sees a country that “now
teeters on the brink of a widening abyss.” Experts have worried about
various forms of subversion and violence.
Election misinformation soared to 10,000 posts per day in Facebook
groups before Jan. 6
The provocative idea behind unrest prediction is that by designing an AI
model that can quantify variables — a country’s democratic history,
democratic “backsliding,” economic swings, “social-trust” levels,
transportation disruptions, weather volatility and others — the art of
predicting political violence can be more scientific than ever.
The Post obtained hours of video footage, some exclusively, and placed it within a digital 3-D model of the
building. (TWP)
Some ask whether any model can really process the myriad and often
local factors that play into unrest. To advocates, however, the science is
sufficiently strong and the data robust enough to etch a meaningful
picture. In their conception, the next Jan. 6 won’t come seemingly out of
nowhere as it did last winter; the models will give off warnings about the
body politic as chest pains do for actual bodies.
“Another analogy that works for me is the weather,” said Philip Schrodt,
considered one of the fathers of unrest-prediction, also known as conflict-
prediction. A longtime Pennsylvania State University political science
professor, Schrodt now works as a high-level consultant, including for U.S.
intelligence agencies, using AI to predict violence. “People will see threats
3. 7/1/22, 4:29 PM
Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
Page 3 of 6
https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
like we see the fronts of a storm — not as publicly, maybe, but with a lot of
the same results. There’s a lot of utility for this here at home.”
CoupCast is a prime example. The United States was always included in
its model as a kind of afterthought, ranked on the very low end of the
spectrum for both coups and election violence. But with new data from
Jan. 6, researchers reprogrammed the model to take into account factors
it had traditionally underplayed, like the role of a leader encouraging a
mob, while reducing traditionally important factors like long-term
democratic history.
Its risk assessment of electoral violence in the United States has gone up
as a result. And although data scientists say America’s vulnerability still
trails, say, a fragile democracy like Ukraine or a backsliding one like
Turkey, it’s not nearly as low as it once was.
“It’s pretty clear from the model we’re heading into a period where we’re
more at risk for sustained political violence — the building blocks are
there,” Besaw said. CoupCast was run by a Colorado-based nonprofit
called One Earth Future for five years beginning in 2016 before being
turned over to UCF.
Another group, the nonprofit Armed Conflict Location & Event Data
Project, or ACLED, also monitors and predicts crises around the world,
employing a mixed-method approach that relies on both machine-learning
and software-equipped humans.
“There has been this sort of American exceptionalism among the people
doing prediction that we don’t need to pay attention to this, and I think
that needs to change,” said Roudabeh Kishi, the group’s director of
research and innovation. ACLED couldn’t even get funding for U.S.-based
predictions until 2020, when it began processing data in time for the
presidential election. In October 2020, it predicted an elevated risk for an
attack on a federal building.
4. 7/1/22, 4:29 PM
Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
Biden White House concludes Jan. 6 preparations hurt by lack of high-
level intelligence sharing
Meanwhile, PeaceTech Lab, a D.C.-based nonprofit focused on using
technology in resolving conflict, will in 2022 relaunch Ground Truth, an
initiative that uses AI to predict violence associated with elections and
other democratic events. It had focused overseas but now will increase
efforts domestically.
“For the 2024 election God knows we absolutely need to be doing this,”
said Sheldon Himelfarb, chief executive of PeaceTech. “You can draw a
line between data and violence in elections.”
The science has grown exponentially. Past models used simpler
constructs and were regarded as weak. Newer ones use such algorithmic
tools as gradient boosting, which fold in weaker models but in a weighted
way that makes them more useful. They also run neural networks that
study decades of coups and clashes all over the world, refining risk
factors as they go.
“There are so many interacting variables,” said Jonathan Powell, an
assistant professor at UCF who works on CoupCast. “A machine can
analyze thousands of data points and do it in a local context the way a
human researcher can’t.”
Many of the models, for instance, find income inequality not to be
correlated highly with insurrection; drastic changes in the economy or
climate are more predictive.
And paradoxically social-media conflict is an unreliable indicator of real-
world unrest. (One theory is that when violence is about to take place,
many people are either too busy or too scared to unleash screeds online.)
But not all experts are sold. Jonathan Bellish, One Earth Future’s executive
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Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
director, said he became disenchanted, leading him to pass off the project
to UCF. “It just seemed to be a lot like trying to predict whether the Astros
would win tomorrow night. You can say there’s a 55 percent chance, and
that’s better than knowing there’s a 50 percent chance. But is that enough
to interpret in a meaningful policy way?”
Part of the issue, he said, is that despite the available data, much electoral
violence is local. “We ran a set in one country where we found that the
possibility of violence could be correlated to the number of dogs outside,
because worried people would pull their dogs in off the streets,” Bellish
said. “That’s a very useful data point. But it’s hyperlocal and requires
knowing humans on the ground. You can’t build that into a model.” Even
ardent unrest-predictor advocates say that forecasting highly specific
events, as opposed to general possibilities over time, is very unlikely.
Bellish and other skeptics also point to a troubling consequence:
Prediction tools could be used to justify crackdowns on peaceful protests,
with AI used as a fig leaf. “It’s a real and scary concern,” Powell said.
Opinion: Polling on Jan. 6 shows the vast majority of Americans aren’t
crazy
Others admit the real world can sometimes be too dynamic for models.
“Actors react,” said ACLED’s Kishi. “If people are shifting their tactics, a
model trained on historical data will miss it.” She noted as an example the
group’s tracking of a new Proud Boys strategy to appear at school-board
meetings.
“One problem with the weather comparison is it doesn’t know it’s being
forecast,” Schrodt conceded. “That’s not true here.” For instance, a
prediction of a low risk could prompt a group mulling an action to
deliberately initiate it as a surprise tactic.
But he said the main challenges stem from a generational and professional
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Data science searches for ways to predict the next Jan. 6 - The Washington Post
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/01/06/jan6-algorithms-prediction-violence/
resistance. “An undersecretary with a master’s from Georgetown is going
to think in terms of diplomacy and human intelligence, because that’s
what they know,” Schrodt said. He imagines a very slow transition to these
models.
“I don’t think we’ll have this in wide use by January 6, 2025,” he added.
“We should, because the technology is there. But it’s an adoption issue.”
The Pentagon, CIA and State Department have been moving on this front.
The State Department in 2020 created a Center for Analytics, the CIA
hires AI consultants and the military has embarked on several new
projects. Last month, commanders in the Pacific announced they had built
a software tool that seems to determine in advance which U.S. actions
might upset China. And in August, Gen. Glen VanHerck, NORAD and
NORTHCOM commander, disclosed the latest trials of the Global
Information Dominance Experiment, in which an AI trained on past global
conflict predicts where new ones are likely to happen.
Law enforcement agencies failed to heed mounting warnings about
violence on Jan. 6
But the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security — two agencies
central to domestic terrorism — have shown fewer signs of adopting these
models.
Advocates say this reluctance is a mistake. “It’s not perfect, and it can be
expensive,” said PeaceTech’s Himelfarb. “But there’s enormous unrealized
potential to use data for early warning and action. I don’t think these tools
are just optional anymore.”