The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 between the northern Union states and the southern Confederate states over the issues of states' rights and slavery. The election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery, led 11 southern slave states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The war began in April 1861 when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. fort in South Carolina and ended in April 1865 with the defeat of Confederate forces and the abolition of slavery.
Consequences and Memory of the Civil WarBryan Toth
Lecture/presentation about the political, social, and cultural consequences of the conflict as well as the four schools of Civil War memory influencing how people remember the conflict.
Consequences and Memory of the Civil WarBryan Toth
Lecture/presentation about the political, social, and cultural consequences of the conflict as well as the four schools of Civil War memory influencing how people remember the conflict.
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class.docxsmile790243
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class
The American Civil War 1861-1865
The American Civil War is still, without doubt, the most traumatic experience in American History. Far more so than the American Revolution, the World Wars, and 9/11.
New estimates put the number of soldier deaths at 750,000 or above. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
This does not include the many civilian deaths through disease, starvation, heartbreak, etc.
About 22 million lived in the North and 9 million in the South at the time of the war. There was about a 3.5 to 2.5 ratio of deaths North to South, but this means that the South lost a greater percentage of its population.
About 36,000 African American soldiers were killed.
In the following slides, we’ll recount the seminal events leading up to the war.
2
We can go back to the very foundations of the United States when the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3) and the 3/5th Clause (Article 1, Section 2. Par. 3) of the Constitution effectively legalized slavery without explicitly mentioning slavery.
Also, Amendment 10 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” leaves the issue of slavery and other legal, commercial, and social matters up to the states.
Arguments and ill feelings regarding these issues began almost immediately, and tensions almost led to violence in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise staved off revolt and kept the balance between slave state and free state representation.
Texas independence from Mexico followed by its attempt to join the U.S. created tensions before and after the delayed admission in December of 1845, during the Polk Administration.
Polk’s (murderous?) manipulation of international politics led to massive gains in U.S. territory. He gave Mexico little chance to a avoid war that resulted in the loss of the that nations northern half, and he negotiated for the acquisition and consolidation of the Northwest, completing the U.S. march to the Pacific.
This created all kinds of problems for the slavery balance. The Wilmot Proviso, which might have solved the problem, though admittedly in the non-extentionist favor, was rejected. When California asked to join the Union as a free state, it engendered yet another crisis. Half of the state was below the Missouri Compromise line. There was a call in Congress to split California into one free and one slave state.
Then Clay (again) proposed a compromise that delayed secession, but may have ensured it at the same time.
Battle of San Jacinto
April 21, 1836
1845
O’Sullivan
Popularizes Term
Manifest Destiny
Clays Compromise 1850
California Enters Union as a Free State
Territories to Have No Restrictions on Slavery
Enforce Fugitive Slave Law
No Slaves in D.C.
Recall from the last presen ...
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class.docxsmile790243
Lincoln, War, and the Slaughter of the American Working Class
The American Civil War 1861-1865
The American Civil War is still, without doubt, the most traumatic experience in American History. Far more so than the American Revolution, the World Wars, and 9/11.
New estimates put the number of soldier deaths at 750,000 or above. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
This does not include the many civilian deaths through disease, starvation, heartbreak, etc.
About 22 million lived in the North and 9 million in the South at the time of the war. There was about a 3.5 to 2.5 ratio of deaths North to South, but this means that the South lost a greater percentage of its population.
About 36,000 African American soldiers were killed.
In the following slides, we’ll recount the seminal events leading up to the war.
2
We can go back to the very foundations of the United States when the Fugitive Slave Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3) and the 3/5th Clause (Article 1, Section 2. Par. 3) of the Constitution effectively legalized slavery without explicitly mentioning slavery.
Also, Amendment 10 “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” leaves the issue of slavery and other legal, commercial, and social matters up to the states.
Arguments and ill feelings regarding these issues began almost immediately, and tensions almost led to violence in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise staved off revolt and kept the balance between slave state and free state representation.
Texas independence from Mexico followed by its attempt to join the U.S. created tensions before and after the delayed admission in December of 1845, during the Polk Administration.
Polk’s (murderous?) manipulation of international politics led to massive gains in U.S. territory. He gave Mexico little chance to a avoid war that resulted in the loss of the that nations northern half, and he negotiated for the acquisition and consolidation of the Northwest, completing the U.S. march to the Pacific.
This created all kinds of problems for the slavery balance. The Wilmot Proviso, which might have solved the problem, though admittedly in the non-extentionist favor, was rejected. When California asked to join the Union as a free state, it engendered yet another crisis. Half of the state was below the Missouri Compromise line. There was a call in Congress to split California into one free and one slave state.
Then Clay (again) proposed a compromise that delayed secession, but may have ensured it at the same time.
Battle of San Jacinto
April 21, 1836
1845
O’Sullivan
Popularizes Term
Manifest Destiny
Clays Compromise 1850
California Enters Union as a Free State
Territories to Have No Restrictions on Slavery
Enforce Fugitive Slave Law
No Slaves in D.C.
Recall from the last presen ...
3. Taxes in Slavery in
Lincoln
the the War
president
North South
1854 : the Republican Party was born
1860 : Lincoln won the election
February 1861 : a new independent state, the Confederate States with
Jefferson Davis
4. Union CSA
Total population 22,100,000 (71%) 9,100,000 (29%)
Slave population, 1860 400,000 3,500,000
Soldiers 2,100,000 (67%) 1,064,000 (33%)
Manufactured items 90% 10%
Bales of cotton in 1860 Negligible 4,500,000
Bales of cotton in 1864 Negligible 300,000
5. 12 April 1861 : Confederate artillery fires at Fort Sumter near Charleston
6. 11 states inhabited 23 states inhabited
by 9 million people by 25 million
(South) people (North)
7. 1 April 1865 : Battle of Five Forks that forced Lee to evacuate Richmond-
Petersburg, the Confederate capital.
8. 1865 : Defeat at Sayler Creek, it became clear to Robert Lee that the fight
against the Union is tactically and logistically impossible!
9. In 1865, slavery is Birth of Protestant
In 1807, the
abolished by the supremacist
abolition of the
thirteenth groups like the Ku
slave trade.
amendment . Klux Klan, …
10. Questions
1- What was the central source of tension in the 1850’s?
2- Who were the opponents?
3- Which event marked the beginning of the war ?
4- When did the war begin?
5- Who was the American president?
6- Who was the Confederate (southern) army's leader?
7- When did it end?
8- When have slavery been abolished?
9- What has happening, then?
10- Had Blacks and whites the same rights?