Slides from the Hands-on dApp Training workshop held as part of the Encode x Hackathon Hackathon on 21st April 2022.

1. Developing on Tezos
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2. Who am I?
Tech Lead @ Marigold
Tech Lead @ Marigold
Tezos lover
Tezos lover
blockchain enthusiast
blockchain enthusiast
web3 magician
web3 magician
@benji_fuentes
@benji_fuentes
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2

3. What is Tezos ?
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4. Definition
decentralized open-source blockchain
decentralized open-source blockchain
peer-to-peer transactions
peer-to-peer transactions
a platform for deploying smart contracts
a platform for deploying smart contracts
native cryptocurrency named
native cryptocurrency named tez
tez (which has the symbol
(which has the symbol
XTZ
XTZ )
)
proof-of-stake consensus
proof-of-stake consensus eco-friendly
eco-friendly
on-chain governance model
on-chain governance model
protocol amendment via upgrade proposals
protocol amendment via upgrade proposals
avoid hard forks
avoid hard forks
community vote governance
community vote governance
smart contract formal verification
smart contract formal verification
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5

5. Networks
1 public network called
1 public network called mainnet
mainnet
several additional testnets
several additional testnets
granada
granada (previous version)
(previous version)
hangzhounet
hangzhounet (current version - Dec 2021)
(current version - Dec 2021)
passive node or node validators called
passive node or node validators called bakers
bakers who can
who can
create blocks
create blocks
final user not holding node can delegate Tz to bakers
final user not holding node can delegate Tz to bakers
no certificate authority node
no certificate authority node
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6. Consensus
Liquid proof of stake
Liquid proof of stake
Emmy * (
Emmy * (nakamoto-style
nakamoto-style): stake Tz for a period of
): stake Tz for a period of
time (
time (cycle
cycle) where bakers are randomly choosen to
) where bakers are randomly choosen to
bake blocks and get rewarding if not accused of
bake blocks and get rewarding if not accused of
fraud
fraud
Tenderbake (
Tenderbake (BFT-style
BFT-style): deterministic finality, use 2
): deterministic finality, use 2
phases of endorsements among a quorum of
phases of endorsements among a quorum of
random bakers who get rewarded(or punished) for
random bakers who get rewarded(or punished) for
their participation
their participation
unique elected baker is executing transactions for each
unique elected baker is executing transactions for each
new block
new block
no multiple execution = no paralellism issue
no multiple execution = no paralellism issue
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7. Smart contracts (1)
execution is sandboxed at node level, no external calls
execution is sandboxed at node level, no external calls
predictability
predictability
require oracles
require oracles
native low-level stack language named
native low-level stack language named michelson
michelson
high level language
high level language ligo
ligo
jsligo
jsligo
pascalligo
pascalligo
camelligo
camelligo
reasonligo
reasonligo
current date is the timestamp of the future block
current date is the timestamp of the future block
creation
creation
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8. Smart contracts (2)
read operations are free of charge
read operations are free of charge
write operation are very cheap (~few USD cents
write operation are very cheap (~few USD cents )
)
inter-contract calls are possible and use callbacks
inter-contract calls are possible and use callbacks
each contract has a balance like any
each contract has a balance like any implicit
implicit account
account
FA2 (TZIP-12) : ERC20-like
FA2 (TZIP-12) : ERC20-like fungible token
fungible token & ERC721-
& ERC721-
like
like non-fungible token
non-fungible token
TZIP-16 : A standard for accessing contract meta in
TZIP-16 : A standard for accessing contract meta in
JSON format in on-chain storage or off-chain using IPFS
JSON format in on-chain storage or off-chain using IPFS
or HTTP(S)
or HTTP(S)
smart contract formalization as a theorem (Coq and Mi-
smart contract formalization as a theorem (Coq and Mi-
Cho-Coq library)
Cho-Coq library)
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9

9. Limitations & solutions
slow TPS (but still better than other public blockchains)
slow TPS (but still better than other public blockchains)
ORU Rollup : Layer2 validating transactions on
ORU Rollup : Layer2 validating transactions on
behalf of the main chain
behalf of the main chain
DEKU Sidechain : secondary blockchain paired to a
DEKU Sidechain : secondary blockchain paired to a
parent blockchain
parent blockchain
limited storage size and quick exponential cost
limited storage size and quick exponential cost
metadata storage : links pointing to IPFS or other
metadata storage : links pointing to IPFS or other
low level API, no joins
low level API, no joins
indexers : providing rich API, caching on top of
indexers : providing rich API, caching on top of
RPC node
RPC node
no events
no events
3th party indexer eventing mechanism
3th party indexer eventing mechanism
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10. Architecture
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11. Example

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13. Indexer
Problem : Tezos RPC does not provide indexes
Problem : Tezos RPC does not provide indexes
Solution : Index Tezos data to provide fast information
Solution : Index Tezos data to provide fast information
and enrich RPC API
and enrich RPC API
, Nomadic labs indexer , etc … there plenty
, Nomadic labs indexer , etc … there plenty
of Tezos indexers
of Tezos indexers
Example :
Example :
instead of querying 10 times a node to get
instead of querying 10 times a node to get
last 10th transaction, query the indexer that
last 10th transaction, query the indexer that
will return you all in 1 call
will return you all in 1 call
if you want to get all contract from a
if you want to get all contract from a
particular user, it is an indexer join operation
particular user, it is an indexer join operation
TZKT.io
TZKT.io
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14

14. Oracle
Problem : smart contract execution is sandboxed
Problem : smart contract execution is sandboxed
Solution : bring data on-chain via an external push
Solution : bring data on-chain via an external push
1. deploy oracle smart contract
deploy oracle smart contract
2. push data to the oracle
push data to the oracle
3. access oracle data via inter smartcontract calls
access oracle data via inter smartcontract calls
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15. Metadata storage
Problem : Tezos blockchain cannot store huge amount
Problem : Tezos blockchain cannot store huge amount
of data (~some Ko)and it is costy
of data (~some Ko)and it is costy
Solution : Provide external cheap storage
Solution : Provide external cheap storage
IPFS “Interplanetary File System” : commonly used
IPFS “Interplanetary File System” : commonly used
for DAPPs because Data is exchanged in a peer-to-
for DAPPs because Data is exchanged in a peer-to-
peer network, every file is accessed by its hash,
peer network, every file is accessed by its hash,
since every node can copy/cache files hosted on
since every node can copy/cache files hosted on
IPFS, they can be stored stored very decentralized
IPFS, they can be stored stored very decentralized
Any other
Any other storage could work too
storage could work too
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16. Ecosystem
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17. Tezos blockchain explorer
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18. Tezos statistics
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19. Tezos Agora Forum

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21. Ligo tooling
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22. Taquito, the wallet SDK
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23. Thank you
Question ?
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