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Abstract
Applying geological techniques to archaeological problems such that physical and cultural landscapes of the past can be reconstructed.
Develop a framework for the geological investigation of archaeological ceramic materials
Petrography and Geochemistry: (1) Compilation of a Preliminary Dataset; (2) Results show a correlation of typology to composition, but artefact assemblages across Hong Kong do not reflect source area
Conclusion: This approach is useful to provenance studies, although conclusive results require further work.
Geoarchaeology Developing a Method for Provenancing of Hong Kong Pre-historic...chius
Abstract
Applying geological techniques to archaeological problems such that physical and cultural landscapes of the past can be reconstructed.
Develop a framework for the geological investigation of archaeological ceramic materials
Petrography and Geochemistry: (1) Compilation of a Preliminary Dataset; (2) Results show a correlation of typology to composition, but artefact assemblages across Hong Kong do not reflect source area
Conclusion: This approach is useful to provenance studies, although conclusive results require further work.
Analysis of Medieval Mail Armour – Archaeological Remains from the Prilep Mon...IJERDJOURNAL
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Within the framework of a new, "substance" (“matter”) paradigm of geophysical research, a "direct" search for a specific physical substance is carried out: gas, oil, gas hydrates, water, ore minerals and rocks (gold, platinum, silver, zinc, uranium, diamonds, kimberlites, etc.). The initial stage in the development of this paradigm can be considered the first research and development on the "direct" methods for oil and gas searching.
An arrowhead made of meteoritic iron from the late Bronze Age settlement of M...Sérgio Sacani
A search for artefacts made of meteoritic iron has been performed in archaeological collections in the greater
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with a mass of 2.9 g found in the 19th Century in the late Bronze Age (900–800 BCE) lake dwelling of Morigen, ¨
Switzerland. The meteoritic origin is definitely proven by combining methods extended and newly applied to an
archaeological artefact. Elemental composition (7.10–8.28 wt% Ni, 0.58–0.86 wt% Co, ~300 ppm Ge), primary
mineralogy consisting of the associated Ni-poor and Ni-rich iron phases kamacite (6.7 wt% Ni) and taenite (33.3
wt% Ni), and the presence of cosmogenic 26Al (1.7+0.5 − 0.4 dpm/kg). The Ni-rich composition below the oxidized
crust and the marked difference to meteorites from the nearby (4–8 km) Twannberg iron meteorite strewn field is
confirmed by muon induced X-ray emission spectrometry (8.28 wt% Ni). The Ni-Ge-concentrations are consistent
with IAB iron meteorites, but not with the Twannberg meteorite (4.5 wt% Ni, 49 ppm Ge). The measured activity
of 26Al indicates derivation from an iron meteorite with a large (2 t minimum) pre-atmospheric mass. The flat
arrowhead shows a laminated texture most likely representing a deformed Widmanst¨
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marks on the surface and remnants of wood-tar. Among just three large European IAB iron meteorites with fitting
chemical composition, the Kaalijarv meteorite (Estonia) is the most likely source because this large craterforming fall event happened at ~1500 years BC during the Bronze Age and produced many small fragments.
The discovery and subsequent transport/trade of such small iron fragments appears much more likely than in
case of buried large meteorite masses. Additional artefacts of the same origin may be present in archaeological
collections.
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Carbonatite Bombs, Lapillus, Pisolites And Ashes In Semi-Unconsolidated Congl...IJERA Editor
Occurrence of sediments hosted smooth surfaced flat / discoid black and pink coloured bimodal carbonatite bombs, lapillus, pisolites and ashes in semi-unconsolidated conglomerate covering an area of 90 sq.km is reported from Thiruvalangadu (13o10’36”N-76o44’38”E) area situated 60 km WNW of Chennai. The carbonatite materials are uniformly composed of flow-oriented fine-grained calcites <0.02>< 1mm dimensions filled with recrystallized relatively coarse-grained calcites (~0.1mm). These rocks are essentially composed of calcite with accessories of apatite, augite, hornblende, biotite, wollastonite, skeletal sanidine, sodic oligoclase and corroded quartz. These rocks have significant amount of silica and alumina. Their Fe3+/Fe2+ is greater than 1. The pink variety contains K2O> Na2O. Mafic minerals are alkalic in nature. The low values of ∂13CPDB (from -8.2 to -5.5‰) in black carbonatite and in pink carbonatite (from -5.2 to 0.10‰) and high values of ∂18OSMOW (from 23.1 to 23.7‰) for block carbonatites and (from 24.4 to 27.63‰) for pink carbonatites indicate extensive degassing and loss of volatiles and alkalies by exhalative eruption of these lavas.
Jay Quade, a veteran geologist at the University of Arizona, gave a remarkable talk at the American Quaternary Association meeting in Santa Fe this year proposing that an Anthropocene Epoch is way too small a designation for what we're doing to the Earth Ssytem #AMQUA2016 This is posted with Dr. Quade's permission for Dot Earth.
His views are faetured in my article making sense of the #Anthropocene, in the new magazine of that name: http://j.mp/revkinanthropocene
Links:
Quade home page
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Quade
AMQUA 2016 meeting
http://amqua2016santafe.com
Anthropocene posts on the Dot Earth blog of Andrew Revkin:
http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/?s=anthropocene+epoch
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Nuclear Science and Prehistoric Pottery: Chemical Variability of Ceramic Reso...Matthew T. Boulanger
Analyses of Native American pottery found in northern New England have typically followed a normative approach focusing on formal variability, intended to address questions of culture history and chronology. Although these methods and goals are essential to laying the groundwork for further study, they are by no means the end goal of archaeological research. Since the 1950s, archaeologists have increasingly adopted analytical methods grounded in the realm of the physical sciences to examine sources and methods of artifact production. The resulting interdisciplinary field, referred to as archaeometry, draws together anthropology, physics, chemistry, and geology to identify the decisions made by prehistoric cultures. Recent nuclear and geological analyses of natural clays and prehistoric pottery from Vermont and New Hampshire serve to demonstrate how archaeologists may employ techniques grounded in the physical sciences and move beyond asking “Who?” and “When?” to begin pursuing the “How?” and “Why?” of the archaeological record. These data suggest there is significant chemical variation among clay sources in the region, and that this chemical variation may be related to depositional regimes. Further, comparison of archaeological pottery samples reveals decisions made concerning clay and temper acquisition, as well as suggesting evidence for intraregional trade and other forms of human interaction.
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Textural analysis of ancient ceramic through digital image analysis
1. References
CHANDRAL.R., 2006,Review of Digital ImageAnalysis of petrographic thin section in conservation research, in Journal of theAmerican Institute for Conservation, Vol. 45, Nr. 2, 127-146.
CHANDRAL.R., 2008,Thin section petrography of stone and ceramic cultural materials.
LEONARDI G. (A cura di), 2004, Il popolamento delle Alpi nord-orientali tra Neolitico ed età del Bronzo - Bevölkerungs - und Besiedlungsgeschichte in den Nord-Ost-Alpen zwischen Neolithikum und
Bronzezeit - Human Landscape in the North-EasternAlps between the Neolithic and BronzeAge, Verona.
MAGGETTI M., MARRO C.,PERINI R., 1979, Risultati delle Analisi Mineralogiche–Petrografiche della ceramica ‘Luco’: l’importazione di Ceramiche dal Trentino—Alto Adige alla Bassa Engadina, in
Studi Trentini di Scienze Storiche, LVIII, 1, 3–19.
MAGGETTI M., 2005, TheAlps –a barrier or a passage for ceramic trade?, in Archaeometry, 47, pp. 389-401.
MIDDLETONA.P., FREESTONE I.C., LEESE M.N., 1985,Textural analysis of ceramic thin sections: evaluation of grain sampling procedures, inArchaeometry, 27, 1, 64-74.
PERINI R., 1976,Appunti per una definizione delle fasi della ‘cultura luco’sulla base delle recenti ricerche nel Trentino, in Studi Trentini di Scienze Storiche, LV (1), 151–62.
1
Marta Tenconi *
1
Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via Giotto 1, I-35137, Padova, Italy
*email: marta.tenconi@studenti.unipd.it
5. Digital ImageAnalysis
A selection of samples characteristic of the different fabrics groups identified by the optical microscopy was
studied by DIA (Digital Image Analysis). DIA was performed on back-scattered electrons images acquired with
a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to extract quantitative information, particularly the different
quantity of matrix, inclusions and voids, their size and the grain-size distribution. For each sample nearly ten
images were taken.
6. Conclusions
All the studied pottery was hand-made and characterized by a coarse paste tempered with sands just collected
along the main streams located around the site.
The results obtained by the Image Analysis well match with the ones gained by the petrographic and textural
analysis by optical microscopy.
The application of image analysis system instead of the traditional point counting based on the visual
estimation represents a considerable saving in time and a great increase in the precision of the work with the
possibility to distinguish and count also the different microstructural features.
1. Introduction
The archaeological site of Castel de Pedena
(Belluno, North-East Italy), is a fortified
mountain village dated between the Early
Bronze age and the Early Iron age (XVIII-IX
Century b.C.). Many ceramic remnants have
been found during the archaeological
excavations in the last few years. Based on
variations in shapes and decorations this
pottery can be chronologically grouped into
three different periods.
Final Bronze age
Early Bronze age
Middle Bronze age/Late Bronze age
Late Bronze age
Luco vessel (Final Bronze age)
Wieselburg-Gata (Late Bronze age)
The oldest vessels belong to the Polada culture (North Italy)
dated at the Early BronzeAge, whereas a second phase can be
identified between the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze
Age, and a third one to the Final Bronze Age/Early Iron Age
(Leonardi G., 2004). Only few pots are characterized by peculiar
shapes referable to the eastern Wiselburg-Gata culture
(Hungary and Adriatic area) and to the northern Luco culture
(Italian South Tyrol and Trentino, Austrian East Tyrol and Swiss
Grisons), respectively.
Textural analysis of ancient ceramic through
digital image analysis: applications on
pottery assemblages from a Bronze Age
site in north-eastern Italy
Fabric 1.1 Fabric 2
Fabric 5
4. Petrographic groups
Fabric 1: carbonate inclusions rich potshards: characterized by carbonates inclusions that arepresent with a great variability of types
(dolomite, carbonate mudstone, sparry calcite, ooid limestone, bioclast limestone). They are associated with metamorphic rock
fragments (fabric 1.4) and a quartz and carbonate sand (fabric 1.5). It has been divided into five subgroups). 44 samples.
Fabric 2: big angular chert fragments rich potshards associated with carbonate mudstone. 12 samples.
Fabric 3: quartz sand rich potshards. 4 samples.
Fabric 4: grog rich potshard. 1 sample.
Fabric 5: metamorphic rocks (mica schist, graphite schist, gneiss, quartzite) rich potshard. 1 sample.
Fabric 6: igneous rocks (mostly volcanic) rich potshard. 1 sample.
Fabric 4
Fabric 3
Fabric 6
2.Aims
- characterizing the different fabrics of the pottery
and the compositional variability in terms of
petrography
3. Materials and methods
- Sixty-three samples were studied by optical
microscopy (petrographic and textural analysis)
- A few samples were studied by image analysis on
scanning electron microscopy images: nine
samples by BSE image, five by elemental chemical
maps
Histogram showing the grain size
distribution ranging from 10 mn 1340 mn
with the largest number of them falling
between 20 and 60 mn.
Istogramma
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
MinFeret
0
200
400
600
800
frequenza
M045 - Fabric 2 M102 - Fabric 1
M003 - Fabric 2
Grains: 20% Voids: 12% Matrix: 68%
The quantitative parameters (e.g. number of grains, area percentage,
average size lenght of axes, degree of roundness, lenght of perimeter,
...) were accomplished with computerized analysis of the digital
images.
The components (grains, matrix and voids), were differentiated, or
segmented, considering the different grey tone values that dipend by the
average atomic wieght of their elements.
All the textural features of these components were separately analyzed.
Results obtained were statistically treated using Statgraphics Centurion
Inclusions, voids and matrix
distributions in the samples analized.
Ca
Mg
Si Al
K
The same approach was adopted using
multispectral information obtained by
elemental chemical maps: X ray maps
acquired with the energy disperse
spectrometry SEM-EDS).
Ca-Mg
Si – -Al K
Elemental Chemical maps
DOLCC
FDS
Qz
with high presence also of the coarser sand size fraction.
Percentage of the inclusions
present in the samples
analyzed with indication of
the different size distribution
referred to the Wentworth
grain size chart. The largest
number of inclusions fallow
between 0,016 and 0,65
mm. It is evident the
differences between sample
M003 characterized by a
finer fraction and samples
M012, M101 and M102
samples
%
samples
samples
