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ten requirement elicitation techniques for BA.pptx
1.
10 Requirement Elicitation Techniques For
Business Analysts
2.
“One of the
key objectives of business analysis is to ensure that requirements are visible to and understood by all stakeholders” IIBA BABOK 2.0 2 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
3.
Requirements Elicitation To
elicit is to draw forth or bring out call forth or draw out Requirements elicitation is an active effort to extract information from stakeholders and subject matter experts Elicitation is not a step or a task you do at a certain point. It is a set of techniques you apply, appropriately, during the requirements phase. 3 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
4.
Why Not Requirements
Gathering? Requirements Gathering Requirements Elicitation vs. Like collecting sea shells Take what you see More reactive, less proactive 4 © Grassy Fork Software 2014 Like archeology Planned, deliberate search More proactive, less reactive
5.
10 Requirements Elicitation
Techniques Focus Groups Document Analysis Brainstorming Observation Interviews Interface Analysis Survey/Questionnaire Requirements Workshops Prototyping Process Modeling 5 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
6.
#1 Brainstorming Produce
numerous ideas Set a time limit Make it visual Designate a facilitator (usually the BA) Watch group size! (ideally 6-8) Establish ground rules criteria for evaluating and rating ideas do not allow criticism limit discussion and evaluation At the end, use criteria to evaluate ideas Can be fun, productive, and motivating 6 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
7.
#2 Document Analysis
Elicit information from existing documentation Helpful when subject matter experts are not available or no longer with the organization Use relevant documentation to study and understand relevant details business plans, project charters, business rules, contracts, statements of work, memos, emails, training materials, etc 7 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
8.
#3 Focus Groups
Elicit information from a select group via a moderator Very formal process More structured Usually has 6-12 attendees Requires a skilled moderator Promotes discussion Asks open questions Engages all members Remains neutral Saves time and cost from not conducting many individual interviews 8 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
9.
#4 Interface Analysis
Identify interfaces between solutions and define requirements for them A basis for successful interoperability Clarify boundaries of the applications Identify interfacing stakeholders Define the inputs and outputs of the interface plus validation rules and events that trigger the interactions Some types of interfaces to/from external applications to/from internal applications to/from external hardware devices 9 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
10.
#5 Interviews Ask
questions geared toward uncovering information Formal or informal Directed at an individual or selected group Maintain focus on the goals of the interview Open-ended questions find information and gaps Closed ended questions confirm and validate Success depends on Knowledge of interviewer and interviewee(s) Experience of the interviewer Skill in documenting discussions Readiness of interviewee to provide information Relationship between the parties Not a good way to reach consensus (BABOK 2.0 – p.180) 10 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
11.
#6 Observation Study
a stakeholder's work environment Good when documenting current or changing processes Passive/Invisible observer does not ask questions takes notes generally stays out of the way Active/Visible dialog with the user while they are performing their work May be disruptive May be time consuming May not observe all possible scenarios 11 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
12.
#7 Process Modeling
Understand work with multiple steps, roles, or departments Initiated by an event Activities to include Manual Automated Combination of both Visual nature may help some people Can become complex and unwieldy if not structured carefully. Complex processes should be broken into their components to aid in understanding 12 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
13.
#8 Prototyping Visually
represent the user interface Good validation measure Great for interaction Supports visual learners Focus on the whole solution or just a specific area Great for validating requirements and uncovering gaps Can take lots of time if bogged down in the “hows” instead of the “whats” 13 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
14.
#9 Requirements Workshops
One the most effective techniques Have an agenda Carefully select attendees Use an experienced, neutral facilitator Use a scribe (not the facilitator) One or a few days in duration Elicit information in a short period Too many participants slow it down Too few participants cause gaps Team member availability is an issue Combine with other techniques interviews surveys or questionnaires prototyping for clarity process modeling for understanding 14 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
15.
#10 Survey/Questionnaire Efficiently
elicit information from many people Have a purpose Appropriate audience Establish a timeframe Clear and concise questions Focus on business objective Support with follow-up interviews Closed ended questions Range of possible responses is very well understood Easier to analyze Open ended questions Extra detail when the range of response is not well understood Harder to analyze and quantify Use selectively 15 © Grassy Fork Software 2014
16.
References / Resources
International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) “Business Analysis Body of Knowledge 2.0”, 2009 Wiegers, Karl E., “Software Requirements, 2nd Edition” Microsoft Press, 2009 © Grassy Fork Software 2014 16
17.
© Grassy Fork
Software 2014 17 Thank you for your time and attention today! www.grassyforksoftware.com
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