TEMPERATURE ALTERATIONS

1. ALTERATIONS IN BODY
TEMPERATURE
PRESENTED BY:
M.C. KNIRANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SON, KU.

2. ALTERATIONS IN BODY
TEMPERATURE
Body temperature may be within the normal range for one’s age
or it may be increased or decreased from the normal range.
These changes can be related to excess heat production,
excessive heat loss, minimal heat production, minimal heat
loss or any combination of these alterations.
A body temperature above the usual range is called fever.

3. HYPERTHERMIA
• Hyperthermia is an abnormally high
body temperature due to failed
thermoregulation when heat gain
exceeds heat loss.

4. Causes:
• Prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures
• Strenuous physical activity in hot/humid conditions
• Dehydration
• Certain medications (e.g., diuretics, anticholinergics)
• Medical conditions affecting thermoregulation
HYPERTHERMIA

6. Management:
• Move to a cool, shaded environment
• Remove excess clothing
• Oral or IV fluids for rehydration
• Monitor vital signs
• Seek medical attention if severe
HYPERTHERMIA

7. • Heat cramps
• Heat exhaustion
• Heat stroke
TYPES OF HYPERTHERMIA

8. HEAT CRAMPS
Definition:
 Painful, involuntary muscle
contractions, usually in the legs,
arms, or abdomen, due to loss of
electrolytes through excessive
sweating.

9. Causes:
• Heavy sweating in hot conditions
• Prolonged physical activity
• Inadequate fluid or electrolyte replacement
HEAT CRAMPS

10. Signs & Symptoms:
• Muscle spasms, cramps (legs, arms, abdomen)
• Sweating
• Mild fatigue
• Thirst
HEAT CRAMPS

11. Management:
• Stop physical activity and rest in a cool place
• Drink electrolyte-rich fluids (e.g., ORS, sports drinks)
• Gentle stretching and massage of affected muscles
• Monitor for progression to heat exhaustion or stroke
HEAT CRAMPS

12. HEAT EXHAUSTION
Definition:
• A moderate form of heat-related
illness resulting from prolonged
exposure to heat, leading to fluid and
electrolyte imbalance.

13. Causes:
• Prolonged exposure to high temperatures
• Intense physical activity in heat
• Dehydration
• Inadequate salt intake
HEAT EXHAUSTION

14. Signs & Symptoms:
• Profuse sweating
• Weakness, fatigue
• Dizziness or fainting
HEAT EXHAUSTION
• Nausea or vomiting
• Headache
• Cool, moist skin
• Rapid pulse

15. Management:
• Move to a cool or shaded area
• Elevate legs if dizzy
• Loosen or remove tight clothing
• Oral or IV fluid replacement with electrolytes
• Monitor for progression to heat stroke
HEAT EXHAUSTION

16. Definition:
• A life-threatening condition caused
by failure of the body’s
thermoregulatory mechanisms, resulting
in very high body temperature (>40°C)
and central nervous system dysfunction.
HEAT STROKE

17. Causes:
• Prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures
• Strenuous physical activity in hot/humid conditions
• Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
HEAT STROKE

18. • No sweating

19. Management (Emergency):
• Call emergency services immediately
• Move to a cool environment
• Remove excess clothing
• Rapid cooling: ice packs, cold water immersion, fanning
• IV fluids with electrolytes
• Monitor vital signs and neurological status
HEAT STROKE

20. HYPOTHERMIA
Definition:
• A dangerous drop in body
temperature below 35°C due to
prolonged exposure to cold.

21. Causes:
• Prolonged exposure to cold weather or water
• Wet clothing in cold conditions
• Inadequate clothing or shelter
• Medical conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism, diabetes, malnutrition)
HYPOTHERMIA

22. SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHERMIA

23. Management:
• Move to a warm, dry environment
• Remove wet clothing
• Cover with blankets and warm clothing
• Offer warm (not hot) fluids if conscious
• Use external warming methods (warm packs, heating pads)
• Seek immediate medical attention for severe hypothermia
HYPOTHERMIA