The document discusses various reading techniques including skimming, scanning, and comprehensive reading. Skimming involves selectively reading material to get an overall impression while scanning is a quick search for specific information. Comprehensive reading is a slow, careful reading to fully understand and extract information from detailed material. The document also discusses techniques for understanding passages such as noting details, identifying the main idea, making inferences, generalizations, and predicting outcomes.

1. Techniques in Reading

2. Skimming – selective reading
of material
• Preview if the material contains the information
needed
• Overview – the purpose & scope of the material
• Survey – the general idea contained in the
material

3. Scanning – a quick search for
a specific information
• Keep in mind only the specific information to be
located
• Decide which clues will help to find the required
information
• Move eyes as quickly as possible down the page to
find the clue
• Read the section containing the clues to get the
needed information

4. • Skimming and scanning are very
rapid reading methods in which
you glance at a passage to find
specific information. These
reading methods make it easier
for you to grasp large amounts
of material, especially when
you're previewing. They are also
useful when you don't need to
know every word.
Skimming and scanning are especially valuable when there is
only one item of information that you need to find from a
particular passage.

5. 1. Read the title.
2. Read the introduction or the first
paragraph.
3. Read the first sentence of every other
paragraph.
4. Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs. *
Notice any italicized or boldface words or
phrases.
5. Read the summary or last paragraph.
Skimming refers to the process of reading only main
ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of
the content of a reading selection. An example of this is
when we read the title of a newspaper to know what
happens everyday.
How to skim:

6. 1. State the specific information you are looking
for.
2. Try to anticipate how the answer will appear
and what clues you might use to help you locate
the answer. For example, if you were looking
for a certain date, you would quickly read the
paragraph looking only for numbers.
3. Use headings and any other aids that will help
you identify which sections might contain the
information you are looking for.
4. Selectively read and skip through sections of the
passage.
Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want
to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a
question in your mind and you read a passage only to find
the answer, ignoring unrelated information.
How to scan:

7. SQ3R
• Survey – skim the material for its content &
organization
• Question – check the section headings & ask questions
to set you purposes for reading
• Read – read to answer questions that were earlier
formulated
• Recite – answer the questions without referring back to
the material
• Review – check how well you remember the major
ideas

8. Comprehensive reading – slow & careful
reading to extract information &
understand a material containing a great
deal of information
1. Vocabulary recognition
2. Sentence comprehension
a. sentence analysis
b. recognizing punctuation clues
c. recognizing reference terms
d. recognizing signal words
- addition: and, as well as, besides
- cause-effect: hence, due to, as a result
- condition: if, when, unless

9. - contrast: but, though, despite
- comparison: like, unlike, in the same way
- emphasis: above all, really, in effect
- sequence: first, later, eventually
- examples: for example, that is
3. Paragraph analysis
4. Interpreting illustrations

10. Critical reading
• Examine the reliability of the material
• Distinguish facts from opinions
• Draw inferences from the material

11. UNDERSTANDING PASSAGES
A. Noting Details – a factual type of reading
comprehension in which the reader is directly
concerned with remembering the items within
the passage
• Be definite about your purpose in reading a selection.
• Read the passage slowly and carefully.
• Remember the details in relation to ideas you want to
remember
• Distinguish main or big ideas from sub ideas

12. B. Getting the Main Idea – finding the most
important thing an author is trying to say
• Find out what common ideas the sentences share
• The presentational style may provide clues in finding
the main idea
• The main idea is the important information about the
topic
• A topic sentence may or may not contain the main
idea
• See to it that the main idea statement is not so
general that it suggests information that is not given
in the paragraph

13. Inferring – mentally exploring then
taking a position in relation to the facts
& related details
Making Generalizations – relating the important
elements within a passage in order to combine
them into a principle, a generalization, or a
conclusion
• Know what topic is being discussed
• Take note of the facts presented whether implied or
directly stated
• Find out how the sentences are related to one
another in content
• State a general idea that will include all the sub-ideas
expressed in each sentence

14. Predicting Outcomes – identifying the relationships
between the given facts in order to identify an
expected outcome or a probable consequence
based on certain tendencies or trends observed
• Examine the available data and their
relationships
• Make conclusions or generalizations about
the topics presented
• Anticipate a possible outcome based on the
material read