The document provides recommendations for how the UN should allocate $3 billion to address the cholera epidemic and build infrastructure in Haiti. It recommends:
1) Spending $1.3 billion on a World Bank sanitation initiative to provide clean water and sanitation to millions of people over 5 years and reduce childhood deaths.
2) Compensating cholera victims and their families through a $452 million legacy fund that would provide annual payments over 30 years.
3) Investing $576 million to construct a large teaching hospital, reimburse healthcare costs, and fund vaccination programs to prevent future cholera cases.
The document summarizes research from the Office of Research-Innocenti on using fiscal policy analysis to promote equity for children. It presents a framework that integrates child-focused budget analysis, child poverty measurement, and fiscal incidence analysis. As a proof of concept, the framework was applied in Uganda. Key findings included that targeting social transfers based on multidimensional child poverty measures or monetary poverty could help reduce child poverty but with small impacts due to low benefit levels. Policy simulations found that reducing education gaps had the largest potential impact on child poverty at relatively low cost. The research aims to develop the approach into a global public good tool to generate evidence and inform policy discussions on equity for children.
Aashe article a deeper look the role of green funds on campuses-m.ozekiMieko Ozeki
Green funds have become a popular way to finance sustainability projects at colleges and universities over the past decade. The University of Colorado Boulder established one of the first green funds in 1973. Green funds support projects like renewable energy installations, energy efficiency upgrades, educational programs, and sustainability staff through student fees, donations, and grants. There are currently over 176 active green funds at North American colleges. Green funds have helped implement over $10 million in sustainability projects at schools in Tennessee alone. They provide learning opportunities for campus communities and pilot new technologies, though many are not intended as permanent funding sources.
WASH globally and Nepal_ Prayas Gautam _CMC_MPHPrayas Gautam
This document discusses water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) issues globally and in Nepal. It notes that diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of death among children under 5 worldwide and in Nepal. The document outlines Nepal's policies and strategies to improve WASH, including achieving open defecation free status. It discusses challenges to improving hygiene and sanitation in Nepal such as inadequate priority and investment. Overall, the document provides an overview of key WASH problems and Nepal's efforts to address them.
The document provides an impact report from Concern Universal, an organization that works to reduce poverty globally. It summarizes Concern Universal's work and impact from 2011-2012. Some of the key achievements and impacts highlighted include:
- Over 2 million people across 10 countries had improved lives as a result of Concern Universal's work, with £15.3 million spent to support vulnerable communities.
- Significant achievements were made in the areas of food security, health, respect for rights, skills development, and reducing vulnerability. External evaluations of several country programs also highlighted positive impacts.
- Advocacy work led to improved policies, services, and more resilient communities in several countries. For example, in Kenya advocacy
Dall'impiantistica alla tecnologia integrata per edifici: storia di una riorg...businessup
Presentazione di Dario Spinelli, presidente del CdA di Spinelli SA e di Ticicom SA, tenutasi il 12 Ottobre 2015 durante l'evento "Organizzazione e strategia aziendali vincenti e anticrisi". L'evento è stato organizzato da Business Up, AITI, Supsi e Gruppo Spinelli
Web Design Principles - Jessica, Grant, and RachelRachelMcKinzie
This document discusses design principles for websites, including unity, variety, balance, scale and proportion, rhythm, emphasis, and simplicity. It notes that unity is achieved on a football website through consistent football-related content. Variety is provided through navigational options and mix of words and images. Balance exists through equal content on both sides of pages. Rhythm comes from repetitive images. Emphasis is brought to a teapot through high contrast. And simplicity is the goal of Facebook's login-focused home page.
This is a presentation of my user experience internship working for the NGO Fundacion Paraguaya in the summer of 2014. I conducted usability analyses on their website, created a prototype of a mobile business plan application, and gave recommendations on security.
The document summarizes research from the Office of Research-Innocenti on using fiscal policy analysis to promote equity for children. It presents a framework that integrates child-focused budget analysis, child poverty measurement, and fiscal incidence analysis. As a proof of concept, the framework was applied in Uganda. Key findings included that targeting social transfers based on multidimensional child poverty measures or monetary poverty could help reduce child poverty but with small impacts due to low benefit levels. Policy simulations found that reducing education gaps had the largest potential impact on child poverty at relatively low cost. The research aims to develop the approach into a global public good tool to generate evidence and inform policy discussions on equity for children.
Aashe article a deeper look the role of green funds on campuses-m.ozekiMieko Ozeki
Green funds have become a popular way to finance sustainability projects at colleges and universities over the past decade. The University of Colorado Boulder established one of the first green funds in 1973. Green funds support projects like renewable energy installations, energy efficiency upgrades, educational programs, and sustainability staff through student fees, donations, and grants. There are currently over 176 active green funds at North American colleges. Green funds have helped implement over $10 million in sustainability projects at schools in Tennessee alone. They provide learning opportunities for campus communities and pilot new technologies, though many are not intended as permanent funding sources.
WASH globally and Nepal_ Prayas Gautam _CMC_MPHPrayas Gautam
This document discusses water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) issues globally and in Nepal. It notes that diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of death among children under 5 worldwide and in Nepal. The document outlines Nepal's policies and strategies to improve WASH, including achieving open defecation free status. It discusses challenges to improving hygiene and sanitation in Nepal such as inadequate priority and investment. Overall, the document provides an overview of key WASH problems and Nepal's efforts to address them.
The document provides an impact report from Concern Universal, an organization that works to reduce poverty globally. It summarizes Concern Universal's work and impact from 2011-2012. Some of the key achievements and impacts highlighted include:
- Over 2 million people across 10 countries had improved lives as a result of Concern Universal's work, with £15.3 million spent to support vulnerable communities.
- Significant achievements were made in the areas of food security, health, respect for rights, skills development, and reducing vulnerability. External evaluations of several country programs also highlighted positive impacts.
- Advocacy work led to improved policies, services, and more resilient communities in several countries. For example, in Kenya advocacy
Dall'impiantistica alla tecnologia integrata per edifici: storia di una riorg...businessup
Presentazione di Dario Spinelli, presidente del CdA di Spinelli SA e di Ticicom SA, tenutasi il 12 Ottobre 2015 durante l'evento "Organizzazione e strategia aziendali vincenti e anticrisi". L'evento è stato organizzato da Business Up, AITI, Supsi e Gruppo Spinelli
Web Design Principles - Jessica, Grant, and RachelRachelMcKinzie
This document discusses design principles for websites, including unity, variety, balance, scale and proportion, rhythm, emphasis, and simplicity. It notes that unity is achieved on a football website through consistent football-related content. Variety is provided through navigational options and mix of words and images. Balance exists through equal content on both sides of pages. Rhythm comes from repetitive images. Emphasis is brought to a teapot through high contrast. And simplicity is the goal of Facebook's login-focused home page.
This is a presentation of my user experience internship working for the NGO Fundacion Paraguaya in the summer of 2014. I conducted usability analyses on their website, created a prototype of a mobile business plan application, and gave recommendations on security.
The document provides an analysis of the student's media product, a psychological thriller film titled "The Run". It summarizes how the film uses conventions of the genre, such as including stereotypical characters, a storyline based on real events, and non-diegetic music to build suspense. It also discusses some ways the film challenges conventions, such as shooting scenes in broad daylight rather than at night. The target audience is identified as teenagers based on a questionnaire, and the film aims to appeal to both female viewers through the main character and male viewers through inclusion of action scenes. Distribution on YouTube is proposed due to the low budget.
Mujahadah didefinisikan sebagai berjuang keras melaksanakan ibadah dan perbuatan shaleh sesuai perintah Allah. Mujahadah khususnya bagi pelajar adalah belajar dengan benar, mendengarkan nasihat guru, dan taat pada peraturan sekolah. Dengan bermujahadah, pelajar dapat meraih hasil belajar maksimal dan membanggakan orang tua.
A 6 hour design jam to come up with ideas for how to create more flexible and collaborative spaces at Shure. This was an example of sometimes high tech solutions not being the right ones.
The document summarizes a woman's experience attending a three-day wellbeing retreat focused on mindfulness, yoga, healthy eating and personal reflection. Some key points:
- The retreat was held in a beautiful location near Wellington, New Zealand and aimed to help 10 women relax, reflect and improve their wellbeing.
- Each day included yoga, meditation sessions, journaling and discussions to help attendees pause and examine their lives. They bonded through the shared experience.
- While some activities were uncomfortable, like a dance in the dark, overall the retreat left the woman feeling more rested, calm and equipped with tools to handle stressors in her daily life. She would recommend others attend similar retreats periodically.
This document provides an overview of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), a modulation and multiple access scheme used in broadband wireless systems. It discusses how OFDMA combines OFDM modulation with TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to transmit simultaneously on different sub-channels. Key advantages of OFDMA include improved signal-to-noise ratio from power concentration and the ability to use adaptive modulation and error correction coding tailored to each user's channel conditions. The document also covers implementation considerations for OFDMA such as synchronization, channel estimation, and addressing challenges from phase noise and power amplifier nonlinearity.
Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) ini membahas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk kelas X di SMK Manggala Tama Binangun. Pembelajaran ini berfokus pada teks eksposisi dan mencakup tujuan mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam menjelaskan struktur, isi, dan bahasa teks eksposisi baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Kegiatan pembelajaran terdiri atas kegiatan pendahuluan, inti, dan penut
Tinjauan pustaka membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan kacang hijau, termasuk faktor internal seperti genetika dan hormon, serta faktor eksternal seperti cahaya dan air. Cahaya berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas auksin dan pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
This document discusses gallstones, including their types, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, investigations, and treatments. The main points are:
1. Gallstones can be cholesterol stones, pigment stones, or mixed. Their composition varies between regions, with Asia having more pigment stones and Europe having more cholesterol stones.
2. Risk factors for gallstones include being female, over 40, having a history of pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, certain medical conditions, and hyperlipidemia.
3. Gallstones can cause problems like biliary colic, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, jaundice, and cholangitis due to obstruction or inflammation in the biliary system.
This document discusses collective identity and representations of youth in media. It provides background on theorists who have studied how youth subcultures allow self-expression (Hebride) and how media often portrays negative stereotypes of youth (Giroux, Acland). The document also summarizes the work and beliefs of media theorists David Buckingham and David Gauntlett regarding audience interpretation of media and how digital media shapes identity.
[Norwegian] Presentasjon holdt på BartJS Meetup i Trondheim. Hør den i podcasten BartJS Podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bartjs/episode-0-a-podcast-awakens
Whey gold standard da optimum nutritionPaul Davidson
Uma vez que a proteína do soro do leite possui pequenas concentrações de gordura e é uma proteína com um elevado grau de pureza, ao escolher o Whey Gold Standard da Optimum Nutrition está a optar por um suplemento que constitui uma excelente forma de aumentar a ingestão proteica diária. O Whey Gold Standard da Optimum Nutrition pode por isso ajudá-lo a conseguir os objetivos físicos que tanto deseja.
The music video for "I'm Not Okay" by My Chemical Romance uses a narrative structure to illustrate the song's lyrics about feeling like an outcast in high school. It portrays the band members as stereotypical nerds who are bullied by jocks. Throughout the video, quick cuts are used to match the fast-paced punk rock music. The video also draws in the teenage audience by depicting relatable high school bullying experiences. It establishes the band's punk rock genre through the members' dark clothing styles and energetic live performance shots spliced into the narrative.
This document discusses conventions of thriller films. It provides examples from American Psycho, Se7en, and The Ring to illustrate common thriller elements. These include opening title sequences over images or plain backgrounds, films being distributed by major studios, settings in cities and houses in America, use of mise-en-scene like costumes and props/colors to characterize villains and set dark, scary atmospheres, and inclusion of sinister non-diegetic music to build tension from the beginning.
This document proposes the establishment of a settlement fund to address claims against the UN for its role in introducing cholera to Haiti. The fund would have two main missions: providing resources to eradicate cholera in Haiti and prevent future disease spread by UN forces. It outlines a framework for disbursing funds through impact investments in Haitian initiatives that further national health goals. Metrics would measure initiatives' impact on increasing access to water, sanitation, and healthcare. Guidelines for future peacekeeping operations aim to prevent disease introduction and recurrence through health monitoring, education and appropriate equipment.
World Bank Group presentation on the Global Financing Facility at the Paracle...Emmanuel Mosoti Machani
The Global Financing Facility aims to accelerate progress in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. Significant additional investments are needed to close the funding gap and achieve a "grand convergence" by 2030. The GFF will facilitate coordinated financing through investment cases and health financing strategies developed by countries. It will draw on global support for strategies like Every Woman Every Child and the Sustainable Development Goals. The goal is to end preventable maternal and child deaths through prioritized, evidence-based "smart" interventions across health services, systems and sectors.
Global partnerships in health innovation (1)Ted Herbosa
The document discusses plans for achieving Universal Health Coverage in the Philippines by 2016. Key points include:
- Expanding PhilHealth coverage to insure an additional 5.6 million poor and near-poor families and improving benefit packages.
- Scaling up preventive health programs, deploying more health workers, and upgrading health facilities to ensure all Filipinos have access to quality care.
- The total additional funding needed from 2013-2016 is estimated to be PHP 137.2 billion to fully implement Universal Health Coverage.
The document proposes a strategic plan for a $3 billion UN Haiti Cholera Settlement Fund. The plan has three main components: 1) Compensation for cholera victims, 2) Improving water and sanitation infrastructure, and 3) Expanding access to medical services. For compensation, the plan proposes registering victims biometrically and providing direct financial payments. For infrastructure, it focuses on improving rural sanitation, training local leaders, and coordinating NGO efforts. For healthcare, the plan aims to expand community health worker programs, deploy mobile clinics, and increase the number of medical professionals. The overall goals are to eliminate cholera within 10 years and ensure universal access to clean water, sanitation, and basic healthcare for all
The document provides an analysis of the student's media product, a psychological thriller film titled "The Run". It summarizes how the film uses conventions of the genre, such as including stereotypical characters, a storyline based on real events, and non-diegetic music to build suspense. It also discusses some ways the film challenges conventions, such as shooting scenes in broad daylight rather than at night. The target audience is identified as teenagers based on a questionnaire, and the film aims to appeal to both female viewers through the main character and male viewers through inclusion of action scenes. Distribution on YouTube is proposed due to the low budget.
Mujahadah didefinisikan sebagai berjuang keras melaksanakan ibadah dan perbuatan shaleh sesuai perintah Allah. Mujahadah khususnya bagi pelajar adalah belajar dengan benar, mendengarkan nasihat guru, dan taat pada peraturan sekolah. Dengan bermujahadah, pelajar dapat meraih hasil belajar maksimal dan membanggakan orang tua.
A 6 hour design jam to come up with ideas for how to create more flexible and collaborative spaces at Shure. This was an example of sometimes high tech solutions not being the right ones.
The document summarizes a woman's experience attending a three-day wellbeing retreat focused on mindfulness, yoga, healthy eating and personal reflection. Some key points:
- The retreat was held in a beautiful location near Wellington, New Zealand and aimed to help 10 women relax, reflect and improve their wellbeing.
- Each day included yoga, meditation sessions, journaling and discussions to help attendees pause and examine their lives. They bonded through the shared experience.
- While some activities were uncomfortable, like a dance in the dark, overall the retreat left the woman feeling more rested, calm and equipped with tools to handle stressors in her daily life. She would recommend others attend similar retreats periodically.
This document provides an overview of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), a modulation and multiple access scheme used in broadband wireless systems. It discusses how OFDMA combines OFDM modulation with TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to transmit simultaneously on different sub-channels. Key advantages of OFDMA include improved signal-to-noise ratio from power concentration and the ability to use adaptive modulation and error correction coding tailored to each user's channel conditions. The document also covers implementation considerations for OFDMA such as synchronization, channel estimation, and addressing challenges from phase noise and power amplifier nonlinearity.
Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) ini membahas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk kelas X di SMK Manggala Tama Binangun. Pembelajaran ini berfokus pada teks eksposisi dan mencakup tujuan mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam menjelaskan struktur, isi, dan bahasa teks eksposisi baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Kegiatan pembelajaran terdiri atas kegiatan pendahuluan, inti, dan penut
Tinjauan pustaka membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan kacang hijau, termasuk faktor internal seperti genetika dan hormon, serta faktor eksternal seperti cahaya dan air. Cahaya berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas auksin dan pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
This document discusses gallstones, including their types, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, investigations, and treatments. The main points are:
1. Gallstones can be cholesterol stones, pigment stones, or mixed. Their composition varies between regions, with Asia having more pigment stones and Europe having more cholesterol stones.
2. Risk factors for gallstones include being female, over 40, having a history of pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, certain medical conditions, and hyperlipidemia.
3. Gallstones can cause problems like biliary colic, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, jaundice, and cholangitis due to obstruction or inflammation in the biliary system.
This document discusses collective identity and representations of youth in media. It provides background on theorists who have studied how youth subcultures allow self-expression (Hebride) and how media often portrays negative stereotypes of youth (Giroux, Acland). The document also summarizes the work and beliefs of media theorists David Buckingham and David Gauntlett regarding audience interpretation of media and how digital media shapes identity.
[Norwegian] Presentasjon holdt på BartJS Meetup i Trondheim. Hør den i podcasten BartJS Podcast: https://soundcloud.com/bartjs/episode-0-a-podcast-awakens
Whey gold standard da optimum nutritionPaul Davidson
Uma vez que a proteína do soro do leite possui pequenas concentrações de gordura e é uma proteína com um elevado grau de pureza, ao escolher o Whey Gold Standard da Optimum Nutrition está a optar por um suplemento que constitui uma excelente forma de aumentar a ingestão proteica diária. O Whey Gold Standard da Optimum Nutrition pode por isso ajudá-lo a conseguir os objetivos físicos que tanto deseja.
The music video for "I'm Not Okay" by My Chemical Romance uses a narrative structure to illustrate the song's lyrics about feeling like an outcast in high school. It portrays the band members as stereotypical nerds who are bullied by jocks. Throughout the video, quick cuts are used to match the fast-paced punk rock music. The video also draws in the teenage audience by depicting relatable high school bullying experiences. It establishes the band's punk rock genre through the members' dark clothing styles and energetic live performance shots spliced into the narrative.
This document discusses conventions of thriller films. It provides examples from American Psycho, Se7en, and The Ring to illustrate common thriller elements. These include opening title sequences over images or plain backgrounds, films being distributed by major studios, settings in cities and houses in America, use of mise-en-scene like costumes and props/colors to characterize villains and set dark, scary atmospheres, and inclusion of sinister non-diegetic music to build tension from the beginning.
This document proposes the establishment of a settlement fund to address claims against the UN for its role in introducing cholera to Haiti. The fund would have two main missions: providing resources to eradicate cholera in Haiti and prevent future disease spread by UN forces. It outlines a framework for disbursing funds through impact investments in Haitian initiatives that further national health goals. Metrics would measure initiatives' impact on increasing access to water, sanitation, and healthcare. Guidelines for future peacekeeping operations aim to prevent disease introduction and recurrence through health monitoring, education and appropriate equipment.
World Bank Group presentation on the Global Financing Facility at the Paracle...Emmanuel Mosoti Machani
The Global Financing Facility aims to accelerate progress in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. Significant additional investments are needed to close the funding gap and achieve a "grand convergence" by 2030. The GFF will facilitate coordinated financing through investment cases and health financing strategies developed by countries. It will draw on global support for strategies like Every Woman Every Child and the Sustainable Development Goals. The goal is to end preventable maternal and child deaths through prioritized, evidence-based "smart" interventions across health services, systems and sectors.
Global partnerships in health innovation (1)Ted Herbosa
The document discusses plans for achieving Universal Health Coverage in the Philippines by 2016. Key points include:
- Expanding PhilHealth coverage to insure an additional 5.6 million poor and near-poor families and improving benefit packages.
- Scaling up preventive health programs, deploying more health workers, and upgrading health facilities to ensure all Filipinos have access to quality care.
- The total additional funding needed from 2013-2016 is estimated to be PHP 137.2 billion to fully implement Universal Health Coverage.
The document proposes a strategic plan for a $3 billion UN Haiti Cholera Settlement Fund. The plan has three main components: 1) Compensation for cholera victims, 2) Improving water and sanitation infrastructure, and 3) Expanding access to medical services. For compensation, the plan proposes registering victims biometrically and providing direct financial payments. For infrastructure, it focuses on improving rural sanitation, training local leaders, and coordinating NGO efforts. For healthcare, the plan aims to expand community health worker programs, deploy mobile clinics, and increase the number of medical professionals. The overall goals are to eliminate cholera within 10 years and ensure universal access to clean water, sanitation, and basic healthcare for all
Analysis of 2013 federal budget on healthEsther Agbon
The document analyzes Nigeria's 2013 federal budget for the health sector. It finds that total health spending was 5.7% of the budget, below international commitments of 15%. Most funding went to recurrent costs rather than capital projects. Key programs for women and children like immunization, fistula care and HIV treatment received relatively small budgets. The analysis recommends increasing priority funding for programs that directly improve health outcomes and reducing spending on administrative costs. It also suggests engaging civil society to make health budgets and programs more people-oriented.
The document presents a plan called EDE for Haiti that aims to support the country's economic development, disease intervention, and education over 5 years with $3 billion in funding. The plan addresses key issues like Haiti's large affected population, inadequate infrastructure, and political pressure. It proposes allocating funds to economic support, disease intervention through community clinics, and education to build health expertise. The plan aims to help Haiti develop self-sufficiency, prepare for future health crises, and use education as a bridge to prosperity. Implementation depends on trust and local management participation in change.
Infectious minds canadian institutes of health research, international infect...Gordon Otieno Odundo
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, International Infectious Disease and Global Health Training Programme (CIHR, IID & GHTP).This is a scholarship program run across four countries: Canada, Colombia, Kenya and India where advanced level students (PhD, Post Doctoral and Clinical fellows) undertake additional training on Infectious Diseases all geared towards being experts in matters pertaining to Global Health. Every month an 'Infectious Minds' sessionis held for two hours via a videoconference link across the four sites. On 15th May 2014 Gordon Otieno Odundo was the Guest Speaker presenting on infectious diseases in children the venue was at the University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, Kenyatta National Hospital. The audience was primarily Doctoral (PhD) and Post-Doctoral students across the four sites; from Basic Science and Social Science disciplines.
website: http://www.iidandghtp.com/
The 7-Point Action Plan was jointly developed by the Ministries of Planning and International Cooperation; Finance; Trade; Public Health and Population, Agriculture and Irrigation, Water and Environment; Fish Wealth, as well as the Social Welfare Fund, the Social Fund for Development, the Central Statistics Organization, and the International Food Policy Research Institute.
Investing in key nutrition interventions between 2016-2025 could save millions of lives but requires an additional $70 billion in funding. Under a "business as usual" scenario, this leaves a $56 billion funding gap. However, with coordinated global action called "Global Solidarity", this gap could be closed through increased government spending on nutrition, fulfillment of donor commitments, and engagement of private sector partners. This scenario would achieve global nutrition targets and require annual investments to rise nearly four-fold to $13.5 billion by 2025 through contributions from all sources.
Health Financing for Community Health Systems HeydtCORE Group
The document discusses financing for community health programs. It summarizes a 2015 report that found a 10:1 return on investment from funding community health workers. The report defined four pillars of the investment case for funding CHWs: achieving global health objectives; long-term economic returns; short-term cost savings; and benefits to society. Current CH funding is estimated to be $0.7 billion annually in sub-Saharan Africa, below the estimated need of $1.1 billion. The document examines financing models for CH programs in Ethiopia, Zambia, Brazil, and Bangladesh.
Domestic Financing for Health in Africa: The Road of Sustainability and Owner...Linda Mtambo
Presentation delivered by Prof Alan Whiteside at the 17th ICASA Conference in Cape Town, South Africa as a panel participant on ‘The End of AIDS: Myth or reality?'
This document discusses the economic burden of diabetes in India. It notes that diabetes leads to a 17 times higher risk of blindness, over 50% of dialysis patients and amputations are due to diabetes, and diabetes is associated with a 4 times higher risk of hypertension. The costs of managing diabetes are high due to factors like delayed diagnosis, complications from the disease, and costs of drugs, hospitalizations, and surgeries. The costs are expected to rise significantly in the future. Currently, about two-thirds of healthcare spending in India is out-of-pocket. The document discusses the need for health insurance and social health insurance models to help address the rising economic burden of diabetes.
The document outlines a strategic plan to eliminate cholera in Haiti within 10 years. It proposes using funds for treatment, education, and long-term infrastructure development. Key aspects include settling UN claims, improving waste treatment, increasing access to clean water and healthcare, and coordinating with neighboring countries. The goal is to end deaths from cholera and prevent future outbreaks through sustainable solutions.
This document discusses financing health programs for AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in Africa. It outlines the large disease burden from these illnesses, especially in southern and central Africa. While international funding has helped control epidemics, resources are uncertain and domestic financing must increase. The document recommends that countries invest at least 15% of budgets in health as pledged. It also suggests innovative domestic funding strategies and emphasizing health's economic benefits to policymakers. Overall, more data and political will are needed to establish sustainable, long-term health financing plans tailored to each country's resources and priorities.
This document discusses financing health programs for AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in Africa. It outlines the large disease burden from these illnesses, especially in southern and central Africa. While international funding has helped control epidemics, resources are uncertain and domestic financing must increase. The document recommends that countries invest at least 15% of budgets in health as pledged. It also suggests innovative domestic financing strategies and emphasizing health's economic benefits to policymakers. Overall, more data and political will are needed to establish sustainable, long-term health funding mixes of domestic and international support tailored to each country.
Ueda2016 idf in the coming years,what are the global priorities- nam choueda2015
1) IDF faces a 3.5 million euro annual structural deficit and needs to manage funds more effectively.
2) IDF priorities include better financial stability, balanced global and regional growth through more regional support and projects, and building education, humanitarian, and recognition through new projects.
3) New projects like a global diabetes school, diabetic foot centers, and "Diabetat" clinics could attract donors and recognition while helping people with diabetes.
The document summarizes the UK's contributions and vision for global health. It discusses how tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. It also outlines some of the UK's key initiatives in global health, including its response to the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone, the Public Health Rapid Support Team, the Fleming Fund to address AMR, and the Health Partnership Scheme.
Sri Lanka ranks 76th in the World Health Organization's ranking of health systems. Total health expenditure in Sri Lanka has increased since the 1990s, with private spending now accounting for over half of total expenditures. The government allocates around 5% of its budget to health spending, concentrating on hospitals. Both public and private sectors finance healthcare, with the government focusing on hospitals and preventive care while private spending goes mostly to outpatient and medicine costs. Key priorities for Sri Lanka's health system include expanding access to care, improving disease prevention programs, and increasing health promotion initiatives.
This document summarizes three illustrations of telehealth innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bridgeport Hospital Yale New Haven Health provides continuing medical education credits for physicians for a telehealth activity. Esperanza Health Centers in Illinois transitioned 74% of patient encounters to telehealth within 3 weeks and conducted interviews to develop sustainable telehealth systems. Presbyterian Medical Services in New Mexico deployed telehealth devices to expand access for patients in rural and frontier areas across their 60 facilities spanning 900 miles. Community Health Center Inc. implemented a tele-MAT hybrid visit model combining in-person and virtual care to continue providing medication-assisted treatment services during the pandemic.
Affordable care act and community health centeresfjlanasa
Community health centers have provided comprehensive primary care to millions of Americans for over 45 years, particularly vulnerable populations. With over 8,500 sites serving 20.2 million patients annually, health centers play a key role in increasing access to care. The Affordable Care Act provides $11 billion over 5 years to support health center operations, expansion, and construction to further increase access and play an essential role in implementation of the ACA. This funding has already led to increased patients served and new access points and facilities.
Prepared by the United Way of Pennsylvania, this presentation was delivered by Gary Drapek, president of the United Way of Lackawanna and Wayne Counties on March 25, 2013 at the Human Services Integration Summit in Scranton, PA.
This strategic plan outlines a framework to address the harms caused by the UN-linked cholera outbreak in Haiti through three pillars: a claims process, guidelines to prevent future outbreaks, and building Haitian institutional capacity. The claims process includes administrative compensation for death and injury claims (Categories A and B) as well as communal claims (Category C) determined by an independent commission. A $2.3 billion cholera elimination plan aims to strengthen water, sanitation and healthcare systems through partnerships. New UN guidelines emphasize sanitation standards to mitigate future risks. The plan also creates a Haiti Corps leadership program to develop national expertise and empower local communities in the response. The three pillars aim to redress past harms,
- The plan aims to eliminate cholera in Haiti through a multi-pronged approach across four domains: environment, social, health systems, and biological.
- Key interventions include WASH innovations, an integrated media campaign, increasing primary care access, and immediate vaccination.
- The plan also establishes a Cholera Recovery Payment Program to provide settlements to victims' families and establish a community sustainability fund.
- Implementation barriers like a lack of coordination, inefficient funding streams, and lack of political credibility are addressed through mechanisms like a Sector-Wide Approach program.
The document discusses a proposal to address cholera in Haiti through strengthening unity and aligning incentives. It outlines the problem of the ongoing cholera epidemic and lack of access to water/sanitation. The objectives are to eliminate cholera by 2022, improve access to water/sanitation, set precedents for UN compensation, and prevent future incidents.
The proposal details strategies for treatment and prevention of cholera through education, infrastructure development, and building human/physical capacity. It discusses guidelines for compensation disbursement and oversight. Metrics for evaluation focus on cholera prevalence, water/sanitation access, coordination among actors, and strengthened governance. The proposal aims to reduce mortality while improving quality of life in Haiti
The document discusses cholera in Haiti, providing statistics on cases and deaths since 2010. It was likely introduced by UN peacekeepers and spread due to weak health systems and lack of clean water/sanitation. Key problems included poor disease surveillance, healthcare systems, access to clean water, and health awareness. Proposed strategies included settling lawsuits, improving UN procedures, increasing health education, and establishing comprehensive long-term healthcare and sanitation infrastructure over a 10 year period with a proposed budget distribution. Evaluation of outcomes was suggested over short, mid, and long-term periods.
This document contains a proposal from Perle and Co. to address the cholera epidemic in Haiti through multiple interventions over 10 years. The proposal includes strategies to control the cholera epidemic through water and sanitation improvements, strengthen the healthcare system through education and coordination, invest in the agricultural sector through reforestation and financing, use moringa to combat malnutrition, create a claims settlement for those affected by cholera, and enhance UN accountability. It provides implementation timelines, estimated budgets, and metrics to evaluate the success of reducing cholera incidence and increasing trained farmers by 2024. Limitations including natural disasters and political instability are also noted.
This document provides a detailed proposal and framework for addressing the harms caused by the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti introduced by UN peacekeepers, and building sustainable infrastructure and capacity in the country. It outlines objectives of righting wrongs, supporting development, and preventing future harm. Major components include a compensation scheme for individuals and communities, national programs for volunteers and university training, and priority infrastructure improvements for housing, water, sanitation and health. Metrics, timelines, budgets and stakeholders are defined to monitor progress over the coming decade and ensure accountability and sustainability.
The document proposes a program to eradicate cholera in Haiti through a holistic, multi-pronged approach over 10 years at a cost of $2.8 billion. The program will have 4 goals: establish emergency response teams by 2014, settle all claims by 2018, remediate sanitation/water by 2018, and eradicate cholera by 2023. It will be implemented in 3 phases and involve treatment, surveillance, prevention, and infrastructure projects managed through a clear hierarchy to balance efficiency and local control.
This document provides information about Team 9's cholera response plan for Haiti. It includes an overview of their estimated budget for various response activities under low, moderate, and high scenarios. It considers costs for compensation, water and sanitation interventions, oral cholera vaccines, identification cards, oral rehydration solution distribution, mobile banking, refugee programs, and a global sanitation initiative. The total estimated budget ranges from $2.2 billion under the low scenario to nearly $3 billion under the high scenario. It also outlines considerations for monitoring, evaluating and adjusting the response over time.
1. Reparative and sustainable
investment in Haiti’s future
FRESH CONSULTING, INC. (TEAM 2)
February 15, 2014
Stuart Craig, Brian Dunican, Nicole Patterson,
Maury Raycroft, Jason Suway
2. AGENDA
• Overview of the situation
• Desired outcomes
• Recommendations
• Questions
3. BACKGROUND
January, 2010
•Earthquake responsible for ~72,000 Haitian deaths
•“Without their help, it would be impossible for us to cope with the
situation” -President Preval
•43 international teams (1,700 people) carried out 90 rescues and
provided 2M liters of water and 17M meals per day.
October, 2010
• Cholera outbreak responsible for 650,000 illnesses and 8,300
deaths to date
• UN aid workers are implicated in the introduction of cholera
• Healthcare expenditures increased by $395M to treat cholera
patients in Haiti
Problem Statement:
How should the UN divide and prioritize $3B in international support to address
the epidemic and build a stronger Haiti?
4. DESIRED OUTCOMES
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Objectives
Stop
Cholera
•
•
Prevent spread
Treat infected
Repair
Damages
•
•
Compensate families
Reimburse care
Invest &
Build
•
•
•
Produce clean water
Expand health infrastructure
Facilitate innovation
Engage Haitian resources to ensure long-term sustainability of UN intervention
5. RECOMMENDATION: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION
Stop Cholera
Legacy Fund
Repair Damages
Millions
Introduction
$500
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Projected Fund Valuation—2014 USD
$400
Total after payments
Interest earned
$300
Value of
Statistical Life:
$84,000
Annual
Payment:
$2,800
(120* GDP/capita)
($84,000 / 30yr)
$200
$100
$0
0
5
10
15
Year
Saves $388M versus immediate dispersal
20
25
30
6. RECOMMENDATION: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION
Stop Cholera
Legacy Fund
Repair Damages
Millions
Introduction
$500
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Projected Fund Valuation—2014 USD
$400
Total after payments
Interest earned
$300
Value of
Statistical Life:
$84,000
Annual
Payment:
$2,800
(120* GDP/capita)
($84,000 / 30yr)
$200
$100
$0
0
5
10
15
Year
Saves $388M versus immediate dispersal
20
25
30
7. RECOMMENDATION: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION
Stop Cholera
Legacy Fund
Repair Damages
Millions
Introduction
$500
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Projected Fund Valuation—2014 USD
$400
Total after payments
Interest earned
$300
Value of
Statistical Life:
$84,000
Annual
Payment:
$2,800
(120* GDP/capita)
($84,000 / 30yr)
$200
$100
$0
0
5
10
15
Year
Saves $388M versus immediate dispersal
20
25
30
8. RECOMMENDATION: INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION
Stop Cholera
Legacy Fund
Repair Damages
Millions
Introduction
$500
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Projected Fund Valuation—2014 USD
$400
Total after payments
Interest earned
$300
Value of
Statistical Life:
$84,000
Annual
Payment:
$2,800
(120* GDP/capita)
($84,000 / 30yr)
$200
$100
$0
0
5
10
15
Year
Saves $388M versus immediate dispersal
20
25
30
9. RECOMMENDATION: SANITATION INITIATIVE
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Water Sanitation is crucial to Haitian health
88% of diarrheal disease
is attributed to unsafe
water supply and
inadequate sanitation
Child mortality is 30%
higher without access to
improved sanitation
$9 for $1 USD spent
Testing &
Evaluation
Clean Water
Source
Filtration System
Investment results in
economic benefit:
Improved
Water
Sanitation
Distribution
Management &
Maintenance
10. RECOMMENDATION: SANITATION INITIATIVE
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Stage 1: World Bank Sanitation Initiative receives 100M per year for 5 years
• Established program will capability for immediate action
$1.3B Investment
20
=
15
6.5M people with
improved access to
sanitation
Distribution of Funding in Stage 2
$40
$30
$ / NGO
10
$20
# NGOs
+
5
$10
20,448 avoided
childhood deaths/year
0
$0
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
Millions
Stage 2: Allocate remaining 800M to NGOs dedicated to water access and sanitation
• Evaluations of NGO performance with reallocation of funds
• Number of NGOs receiving funds will decrease over 10 year period
11. RECOMMENDATION: EDUCATION & PUBLIC RELATIONS
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Train local community
workers
Promotion of claims
process via
newspaper, radio, etc.
Community
Awareness
Press releases from
Haitian government
regarding UN
settlement
Public health education
through NGOs
Conclusion
12. RECOMMENDATION: CLINICAL REIMBURSEMENT
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Cost
$395M
Reimburse
• 1.69% increase in healthcare share of GDP since outbreak
• Reimburse Ministry of Health for ’11-’13 to allocate funds
to hospitals, clinics, government based on inferred cost
$10M
Prevent
• Children are more susceptible to contracting cholera than
adults (6.6% vs 6.0% of demographic)
• Provide oral vaccinations for all children under 5 years old
$171M
Treat
• Haiti lacks sufficient healthcare resources when compared
to other comparable developing countries,
• Construct largest teaching hospital to train doctors over
next 30 years, and cover cost of projected cases of cholera
$576M
13. RECOMMENDATION: CLINICAL REIMBURSEMENT
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Cost
Reimburse
• 1.69% increase in healthcare share of GDP since outbreak
• Reimburse Ministry of Health for ’11-’13 to allocate funds
to hospitals, clinics, government based on inferred cost
$395M
Cholera Outbreak
Prevent
• Children are more susceptible to contracting cholera than
GDP
adults (6.6% vs 6.0% of demographic)
UN Healthcare Exp
• Provide oral vaccinations for all children under 5 years old
Haiti Healthcare Exp
124
132
9,000
$10M
139
8,000
7,000
6,000
• Haiti lacks sufficient healthcare resources when compared
to other comparable developing countries,
460
455
• Construct largest teaching hospital 418 train doctors over 491
to
351
next 30 years, and cover cost of projected cases of cholera
324
Treat
5,000
4,000
517
205
$171M
3,000
2,000
278
150
GDP (In $ millions)
Healthcare Exp (In $ millions)
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
183
1,000
$576M
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
14. RECOMMENDATION: CLINICAL REIMBURSEMENT
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Cost
$395M
Reimburse
• 1.69% increase in healthcare share of GDP since outbreak
• Reimburse Ministry of Health for ’11-’13 to allocate funds
to hospitals, clinics, government based on inferred cost
$10M
Prevent
• Children are more susceptible to contracting cholera than
adults (6.6% vs 6.0% of demographic)
• Provide oral vaccinations for all children under 5 years old
$171M
Treat
• Haiti lacks sufficient healthcare resources when compared
to other comparable developing countries,
• Construct largest teaching hospital to train doctors over
next 30 years, and cover cost of projected cases of cholera
$576M
15. RECOMMENDATION: CLINICAL REIMBURSEMENT
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Cost
$395M
Reimburse
• 1.69% increase in healthcare share of GDP since outbreak
• Reimburse Ministry of Health for ’11-’13 to allocate funds
to hospitals, clinics, government based on cost incurred
$10M
Prevent
• Children are 10% more susceptible to contracting cholera
than adults
• Provide oral vaccinations for all children under 5 years old
for 5 years
$171M
Treat
• Haiti lacks sufficient healthcare resources when compared
to other comparable developing countries,
• Construct largest teaching hospital to train doctors over
next 30 years, and cover cost of projected cases of cholera
$576M
16. Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Cost
$395M
Reimburse
• 1.69% increase in healthcare share of GDP since outbreak
• Reimburse Ministry of Health for ’11-’13 to allocate funds
to hospitals, clinics, government based on cost incurred
$10M
Prevent
• Children are 10% more susceptible to contracting cholera
than adults
• Provide oral vaccinations for all children under 5 years old
for 5 years
Treat
• Haiti’s healthcare resources are limited
• Train 200 doctors/year over the next 30 years
• Cover cost of future incidences of cholera
$171M
$576M
TRAIN
RECOMMENDATION: CLINICAL REIMBURSEMENT
17. INNOVATION FUND
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Call for applications from for-profit and nonprofit organizations for UN funding
Project
Criteria
Purpose
•
•
Provide funding for
innovative development
Competition between
organizations for cost
effective solutions
•
•
•
•
•
Inclusive of Haitians
Feasible and Sustainable
•
Addresses an unmet
•
need
Economic impact
Outcomes
Improved quality of life for
the people of Haiti
Economic growth
Job creation
18. INVESTMENT ALLOCATION
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Total Cost
Sanitation
$1,300 M
Clinical
$576 M
Individual
Compensation
$452 M
Innovation
Fund
$300 M
10%
$50 M
Overhead
Total Cost:
Conclusion
% ALLOCATION
$322 M
Education &
PR
Invest & Build
2%
11%
43%
19%
$3,000 M
15%
19. GUIDELINES TO REDUCE LIABILITY AND IMPROVE UN INTERVENTION
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Challenge 1: Coordinating entry and action in a sovereign state
Clarify UN rights and
autonomy to act
Form an effective intergovernment task force
Incorporate grand strategy
to understand the goals
and visualize the end
20. GUIDELINES TO REDUCE LIABILITY AND IMPROVE UN INTERVENTION
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Challenge 1: Coordinating entry and action in a sovereign state
Clarify UN rights and
autonomy to act
Form an effective intergovernment task force
Incorporate grand strategy
to understand the goals
and visualize the end
Challenge 2: Paving inroads for successful UN integration and operations
Identify local resources
Form districts
(population, existing
borders, or need)
Comprehensive
planning
21. GUIDELINES TO REDUCE LIABILITY AND IMPROVE UN INTERVENTION
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Challenge 1: Coordinating entry and action in a sovereign state
Clarify UN rights and
autonomy to act
Form an effective intergovernment task force
Incorporate grand strategy
to understand the goals
and visualize the end
Challenge 2: Paving inroads for successful UN integration and operations
Identify local resources
Form districts
(population, existing
borders, or need)
Comprehensive
planning
Challenge 3: Sensitizing to complex local culture and building local ownership
Outreach to local reps to
gain understanding and
identify resources
Local action committee
formation
Leverage existing
technology, resources, an
d accumulate data
22. GUIDELINES TO REDUCE LIABILITY AND IMPROVE UN INTERVENTION
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Challenge 1: Coordinating entry and action in a sovereign state
Clarify UN rights and
autonomy to act
Form an effective intergovernment task force
Incorporate grand strategy
to understand the goals
and visualize the end
Challenge 2: Paving inroads for successful UN integration and operations
Identify local resources
Form districts
(population, existing
borders, or need)
Comprehensive
planning
Challenge 3: Sensitizing to complex local culture and building local ownership
Outreach to local reps to
gain understanding and
identify resources
Local action committee
formation
Leverage existing
technology, resources, an
d accumulate data
Challenge 4: Preventing introduction of contaminating disease/species
Establish ISO
standardization for UN
health clearance
Digitize health records
Four eye principle to
confirm personnel
clearance
25. RISKS, MITIGATION AND CONTINGENCY
Introduction
Stop Cholera
Repair Damages
Invest & Build
Conclusion
Risks
Mitigation
Contingency
Misappropriated
Funding
Invest in pre-screening
NGOs
Require collateral from
Haitian gov; stop
support
Haitian public
dissatisfaction
Boost initial PR
spending; work closely
with
IJDH, gov, communities
Wait longer, listen
more, and collaborate
more
Another
outbreak/disaster
Improving sanitation
and clinics are not
cholera-specific
Invest in robust systems
and Haitian adaptability
26. REFERENCES
• CNN Article: http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/19/haiti.earthquake/
• UN Civilian and Crisis Management (Independent study by Kaspersen and Sending)
•Cost of Disease Calculator
http://www.idcostcalc.org/index.html
• WHO vaccination: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/17/159014069/who-calls-for-emergency-stockpile-of-choleravaccine
• OMS/OPS, MSPP, WASH Cluster, Health Cluster:
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Cholera%20in%20Haiti%20An%20End%20in%20Sight%20Key%20facts%
20and%20figures%20as%20of%2017%20Dec%202013.pdf
• World Health Organization. “Fact and figures: Water, sanitation and hygiene links to health.” Water Sanitation and Health.
March 2004. Accessed on Feb. 10 2014. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/factsfigures04/en/
• Fink, G. and Gunther, I. “Water and sanitation to reduce child mortality: The impact and cost of water and sanitation
infrastructure” Policy Research Working Papers. March 2011. Accessed on Feb. 10 2014.
http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-5618
• Gunther, et al. “The effect of water and sanitation on child health: evidence from the demographic and health surveys 19862007.” Oxford University Press. May 2011. Acessed on Feb. 10 2014.
http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/06/30/ije.dyr102
• BRAC “Attaining MDG Targets on Water and Sanitation in Bangladesh.” Brac’s Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Programme.
Jan. 2006. Accessed on Feb. 10 2014. http://brac.net/oldsite/downloads_files/WASH_Proposal.pdf
• UN Water. “Sanitation is an investment with high economic returns.” 2008. Accessed on Feb. 10, 2014.
http://esa.un.org/iys/docs/IYS%20Advocacy%20kit%20ENGLISH/Fact%20sheet%202.pdf
• 120*gdp:
http://www.bath.ac.uk/e-journals/jtep/pdf/Volume_34_Part_2_169-188.pdf
• review of VSL studies:
http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/EPOC/WPNEP(2010)9/FINAL&doclanguage=en
27. APPENDIX 1: LEGACY ANNUITIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pending lawsuit requests $100,000 per death and $50,000 per injury
Cross-national review of contingent valuation studies suggests VSL is 120x GDP per capita
• Haiti’s GDP per capita was 671-732 during 2010-2011 period
• Yields a VSL of $84,000 per death
Life lost is financial and emotional burden to the community and the nation
Replacement of lost income maintains Haiti’s economic growth potential
Recommendation: Disburse $84,000 via 30 year annuity to immediate relation
Cover annuity cost from $452M pension-like fund, principle spent to $0 over 30 years
• Assume 5% real rate of return (UN pension is 5.1% over 25 years)
• Assume 10,000 claimants, all receive 30 years of compensation
• Save $388M over immediate disbursal
Regarding Injury
• UN is not liable for Cholera cases
• Each episode lasts 1-7 days $2 - $14 dollars lost wages
• Administrative cost too high for direct payments
28. APPENDIX 2: COST OF SANITATION PROJECTS
World Bank-Supported Initiative
• Average $833 Million for 1 Community Sanitation Intervention
• Project Includes:
• Attainment of secure water source
• Purification/Filtration System
• Distribution Kiosks for some
• Household Connections for some
• Public water fountains
• School latrines
• Household latrines for some
• Training of community water managers
• Health promotion and education for community members
29. APPENDIX 3: SANITATION CALCULATIONS
Deaths avoided by improved sanitation for the under-5’s
Clean water improves under-5 mortality by 25 per 1000
(Pop under 5) x (25 deaths/1000)*(prop. Reached) = 1,245,000*0.025*
(6,500,000/9,893,934) = 20,448 per year
Population with improved sanitation
*Based on World Bank model: reaches an estimated 50,000 for a $10M
investment
1,300,000,000*(50,000/10,000,000) = 6,500,000 individuals
NGO Payout Table
Total Payout
Year
75,000,000
75,000,000
75,000,000
150,000,000
150,000,000
150,000,000
156,250,000
156,250,000
156,250,000
156,250,000
Cum. Payout
# NGOs
2014
75,000,000
2015
150,000,000
2016
225,000,000
2017
375,000,000
2018
525,000,000
2019
675,000,000
2020
831,250,000
2021
987,500,000
2022
1,143,750,000
2023
1,300,000,000
Avg. Per NGO
15
5,000,000
15
5,000,000
15
5,000,000
10
15,000,000
10
15,000,000
10
15,000,000
5
31,250,000
5
31,250,000
5
31,250,000
5
31,250,000
30. APPENDIX 4: SANITATION PROJECT OPTIONS
Sanitation Technology
Water Source
Purification
Distribution
Disposal
Testing
• Surface water
• Borehole
• Deep tube well
• Sedimentation
• Chlorination
• Biosand Filters
• Ceramic Filters
• Pressure Sand Filters
• Piped Water Scheme
• Distribution Kiosk
• Public Fountain
• Pit Latrine
• Flush Toilet
• Standing Shower
• Pathogen test kits
• Nitrate/Nitrite test
strips
• Chloride test strips
31. APPENDIX 5: PREVENTION COSTS
Dept or PaP
Total Population Total Male Population Total Female Population Total >=18 years old Total <18 years old
ARTIBONITE
1,571,020
776,517
794,503
886,875
684,145
CENTRE
678,626
346,232
332,394
350,517
328,109
GRANDE ANSE
425,878
222,072
203,806
232,718
193,160
NIPPES
311,497
163,185
148,312
175,826
135,671
NORD
970,495
476,349
494,146
537,348
433,147
NORD EST
358,277
179,511
178,766
187,276
171,001
NORD OUEST
662,777
328,173
334,604
351,847
310,930
OUEST
1,187,833
590,019
597,814
680,890
506,943
PORT-AU-PRINCE
2,476,787
1,179,978
1,296,809
1,532,613
944,174
SUD
704,760
363,927
340,833
392,765
311,995
SUD-EST
575,293
286,550
288,743
309,590
265,703
Total
9,923,243
4,912,513
5,010,730
Size of Population/Age
Population <5 years old
New Borns for 5 years
Total Population to be Vaccinated
% Adoption
Cost Per Dose
Number of Doses
Total Cost/Patient
Total Cost to UN
5,638,265
4,284,978
$
238,054.33
1,190,272
1,190,272
2,380,543
80%
$2.73
2
$5.46
10,398,213
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/17/159014069/who-calls-for-emergency-stockpile-of-cholera-vaccine
32. APPENDIX 5: CHOLERA TREATMENT AND HOSPITAL
Treatment of Projected Cases:
Hospital
Clinical
Hospitalization Rate
Average Cost
Expected Cases/Month
Total Cases over 5 years
Total Cost
Cost of Constructing & Supporting a Teaching Hospital:
Assumptions:
• $40M to construct new teaching hospital
• $115M to fund 200 students for the next 30 years
• $10,000 tuition/student/year
• 5% interest in fund
$
$
50.68
9.96
54.5%
$
32.15
8484
509,040
$ 16,366,857.70
33. APPENDIX 6: CLINICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
“The problem with healthcare in Haiti is that there is no system, no structure, no
plan – at least, not one that has been implemented.”
Inadequate Healthcare Facilities
• Medical staff
• Support Staff
• Equipment and Treatment
Indicators
Indicators (per 1,000 people)
• 0.25 Physicians
• 0.8 Hospital Beds
• 0.107 Nurses and Midwives
Haiti
Regional
V%
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
70
16
338%
Adult mortality rate (per 1,000 population
258
160
61%
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
350
63
456%
Life expectancy at birth (years)
63
76
-17%
46% of Haitian’s did not have access to healthcare before earthquake
34. APPENDIX 7: ONGOING MANAGEMENT
•
•
Compensation
• Disbursement of compensation
• Validation of claims and beneficiaries
Community Compensation and improvement
• Water Sanitation
persons served / $
• Cholera Eradication
cases / month
• Clinical infrastructure
persons served / $
•Support for 3rd party Solutions
• Annual project review by Evaluation board
• UN, Federal, and Haitian community leaders
• Support continued for half of project organizations