The document discusses the right to health as established in international agreements like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. It outlines key principles of the right to health like availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of health facilities, goods, and services. It also discusses states' obligations around prevention, treatment, and control of diseases through programs and healthy environments.
DR. H. ABDUL AZEEZ ON BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN RIGHTS Abdul Azeez H
Man depends on the nature in many ways, but mainly for the subsistence of life, water, food and shelter. This relationship demonstrates the closeness of nexus between man, environment and the biodiversity. The basic needs of Man can be acquired from this very nature only. The basic human right of Man is the peaceful enjoyment of life without any threat or danger. However, due to the advancement of human society, man heavily indulged in the utilization of environment. The advancement of man in the recent past, more precisely, after the industrial revolution, has taken momentum which, in turn, has aggravated the destruction of nature in manifold globally. There are two prominent issues connected with the conservation of environment and biodiversity: preserving the life of living beings, on the one hand; and survival of human beings in a decent way, on the other hand. If used wisely, the environment can provide the living beings an opportunity to enhance the quality of life. However, there is unwise use causing dangerously increasing levels of pollution in air, water, and environment; and irreparable destruction of natural resources. Human Rights Commission’s Expert committee on biodiversity and human rights warns that the loss of biodiversity may interfere with the enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, including the rights to life, health, food, livelihood, water, housing, and culture
Presented by Shashya Mishra (Assistant Professor) Amity University Lucknow Campus, Amity Law School at IJSARD (International Journal of Socio-legal Analysis and Rural Development) International Virtual Conference 2017 On Law and Social Sciences.
DR. H. ABDUL AZEEZ ON BIODIVERSITY & HUMAN RIGHTS Abdul Azeez H
Man depends on the nature in many ways, but mainly for the subsistence of life, water, food and shelter. This relationship demonstrates the closeness of nexus between man, environment and the biodiversity. The basic needs of Man can be acquired from this very nature only. The basic human right of Man is the peaceful enjoyment of life without any threat or danger. However, due to the advancement of human society, man heavily indulged in the utilization of environment. The advancement of man in the recent past, more precisely, after the industrial revolution, has taken momentum which, in turn, has aggravated the destruction of nature in manifold globally. There are two prominent issues connected with the conservation of environment and biodiversity: preserving the life of living beings, on the one hand; and survival of human beings in a decent way, on the other hand. If used wisely, the environment can provide the living beings an opportunity to enhance the quality of life. However, there is unwise use causing dangerously increasing levels of pollution in air, water, and environment; and irreparable destruction of natural resources. Human Rights Commission’s Expert committee on biodiversity and human rights warns that the loss of biodiversity may interfere with the enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, including the rights to life, health, food, livelihood, water, housing, and culture
Presented by Shashya Mishra (Assistant Professor) Amity University Lucknow Campus, Amity Law School at IJSARD (International Journal of Socio-legal Analysis and Rural Development) International Virtual Conference 2017 On Law and Social Sciences.
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment is also known as Stockholm Conference and marked as a turning point in the development of international environmental politics.
It was the UN’s first major conference on international environmental issues.
The meeting agreed upon a Declaration
Containing 26 Principles
An Action plan containing 109 Recommendations
A Resolution on institutional and financial arrangements
This was the first step toward “ Sustainability Revolution
This interactive document aims to encourage an in-depth and broad-based exploration of the links and synergies between the Global Goals for Sustainable Development and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
It complements the 2-page document produced by UNICEF in January 2016 which presents a preliminary mapping of the current priority Global Goals indicators for children against the nine clusters of rights of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
This detailed, interactive mapping aims to reinforce, but also to move beyond, the more obvious links between the Global Goals and the Convention - such as in the areas of health, education and violence. It assumes that all of the Global Goals are relevant for children, not only those which specifically refer to children. For example, Goal 9 (Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation) corresponds – amongst other things - to Article 29.1(a) and (e) of the Convention (education of the child shall be directed to the development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential and the development of respect for the natural environment), which is seen as essential to the fostering of innovation. Children have the right to directly engage in achieving the Global Goal targets, in terms of claiming their rights now, as children, as well as preparing themselves to take on more complex responsibilities as they grow older. A child who is 4 years old in 2016 will attain adulthood by 2030. Thus the distinction between child- and adult-specific Goals is very fluid.
Contact with
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment is also known as Stockholm Conference and marked as a turning point in the development of international environmental politics.
It was the UN’s first major conference on international environmental issues.
The meeting agreed upon a Declaration
Containing 26 Principles
An Action plan containing 109 Recommendations
A Resolution on institutional and financial arrangements
This was the first step toward “ Sustainability Revolution
This interactive document aims to encourage an in-depth and broad-based exploration of the links and synergies between the Global Goals for Sustainable Development and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
It complements the 2-page document produced by UNICEF in January 2016 which presents a preliminary mapping of the current priority Global Goals indicators for children against the nine clusters of rights of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
This detailed, interactive mapping aims to reinforce, but also to move beyond, the more obvious links between the Global Goals and the Convention - such as in the areas of health, education and violence. It assumes that all of the Global Goals are relevant for children, not only those which specifically refer to children. For example, Goal 9 (Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation) corresponds – amongst other things - to Article 29.1(a) and (e) of the Convention (education of the child shall be directed to the development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential and the development of respect for the natural environment), which is seen as essential to the fostering of innovation. Children have the right to directly engage in achieving the Global Goal targets, in terms of claiming their rights now, as children, as well as preparing themselves to take on more complex responsibilities as they grow older. A child who is 4 years old in 2016 will attain adulthood by 2030. Thus the distinction between child- and adult-specific Goals is very fluid.
Contact with
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Remarkable progress is being made on HIV treatment. Ahead of World AIDS Day, UNAIDS has launched a new report showing that access to treatment has risen significantly.
Handout used by Molly Anderson in the workshop titled "Is the US Ready for the Right to Food?" during the 2009 Community Food Security Conference held in Des Moines, Iowa.
Universal Healthcare in the context of the Right to Healthhealthactivist.ph
Basic orientation on the Right to Health, issues and challenges in the present healthcare system in the Philippines and the Healthcare system we want (framework)
The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, affirming that access to health care, including reproductive health, is a basic right under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, decided at its twentieth session, pursuant to article 21, to elaborate a general recommendation on article 12 of the Convention.
Background
States parties' compliance with article 12 of the Convention is central to the health and well-being of women. It requires States to eliminate discrimination against women in their access to health-care services throughout the life cycle, particularly in the areas of family planning, pregnancy and confinement and during the post-natal period. The examination of reports submitted by States parties pursuant to article 18 of the Convention demonstrates that women's health is an issue that is recognized as a central concern in promoting the health and well-being of women.
For the benefit of States parties and those who have a particular interest in and concern with the issues surrounding women's health, the present general recommendation seeks to elaborate the Committee's understanding of article 12 and to address measures to eliminate discrimination in order to realize the right of women to the highest attainable standard of health.
Recent United Nations world conferences have also considered these objectives. In preparing this general recommendation, the Committee has taken into account relevant programmes of action adopted at United Nations world conferences and, in particular, those of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights, the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women.
The Committee has also noted the work of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and other United Nations bodies. It has collaborated with a large number of non-governmental organizations with a special expertise in women's health in preparing this general recommendation. The Committee notes the emphasis that other United Nations instruments place on the right to health and to the conditions that enable good health to be achieved.
PATIENTS RIGHTS & CONSUMER PROTECTION Nursing Management - Gowdham PK Gowdham P
Right to access medical care
Patients have a right to receive treatment irrespective of their type of primary and associated illnesses, socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, caste, cultural preferences, linguistic and geographical origins or political affiliations. All hospitals both in the government and in the private sector are duty bound to provide basic Emergency Medical Care to injured persons irrespective of paying capacity. So it is duty of the hospital management to ensure provision of such emergency care through its doctors and staff, provided promptly without compromising on the quality and safety of the patients.
Right to information
Every patient has a right to adequate relevant information about the nature, cause of illness, provisional / confirmed diagnosis, proposed investigations, risks, benefits, expected treatment outcomes and possible complications to enable them to make informed decisions, and involve them in the care planning and delivery process and it shall be explained at their level of understanding in language known to them. Every patient and his/her designated caretaker have the right to complete information on the expected cost of treatment based on factual evidences. Patients and their caretakers also have a right to know the identity of various care providers and Doctors / Consultants who are primarily responsible for his / her treatment.
Right to records and reports
Patient’s or their authorized individuals have the right to access the original copy of their all-medical records (during period of admission, preferably within 24 hours and after discharge, within 72 hours) and request to receive a copy of their clinical records. The relatives / caregivers of the patient have a right to get discharge summary or in case of death, death summary along with original copies of investigations.
Right to confidentiality, human dignity and privacy
All patients have a right to privacy and medical information of the patient given to a health care provider shall not be divulged to others unless the patient gives his consent to disclose such information to other. Female patients have the right to presence of another female person during physical examination by a male practitioner. The hospital management has a duty to ensure that its staff upholds the human & personal dignity, respecting special needs such as spiritual and cultural preferences of every patient in all situations. All records & data concerning the patient shall be kept restricted and insulated from data theft and leakage.
Right to second opinion
Patient has the right to a seek a second opinion on medical condition form a doctor or hospital of his/her choice. Doctors and the hospital must respect patient’s decision to seek a second opinion and shall provide all necessary records and information to the patients caregivers without any extra cost or delay. Right to safety and quality care according to standards Patients have a right to safety
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. The Right to Health: Expanding the
Scope of Prevention Teaching
Teaching Prevention 2013
Annual Meeting of the Association
for Prevention Teaching and
Research
March 11, 2013
Robert S. Lawrence, MD
2. Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
• Adopted by United Nations General Assembly
on December 10, 1948
– Represented aspirations of founders of the United
Nations
– Staked out domain for human rights
4. Article 22
• Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to
social security and is entitled to realization, through
national effort and international cooperation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of
each state, of the economic, social and cultural
rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
development of his personality
5. Article 25
• Everyone has the right to a standard of living
adequate for the health and well-being of
himself and of his family, including food,
clothing, housing, medical care, and
necessary social services
Continued
6. Article 25
– … and the right to security in the event of
unemployment, sickness, disability,
widowhood, old age, or other lack of
livelihood in circumstances beyond his
control
Continued
7. Article 25
• Motherhood and
childhood are
entitled to
special care
and assistance
– All children,
whether born in or out of wedlock, shall
enjoy the same social protection
8. United Nations Covenants
UN proposed two covenants on December 16,
1966
• International Covenant on Economic, Social,
and Cultural Rights
• International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights
Continued
9. International Covenant on Economic,
Social, and Cultural Rights
Article 12
• The States Parties to the present
Covenant recognize the right of everyone
to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of physical and
mental health
Continued
10. Article 12 (cont)
• The steps to be taken by the States Parties
to the present Covenant to achieve the full
realization of this right shall include those
necessary for:
a. The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth
rate and of infant mortality and for the
healthy development of the child
Continued
11. Article 12 (cont)
b. The improvement of all aspects of
environmental and industrial hygiene
Continued
12. Article 12 (cont)
c. The prevention,
treatment, and
control of
epidemic,
endemic,
occupational,
and other
diseases
Continued
13. Article 12 (cont)
d. The creation of conditions which would assure
to all medical service and medical attention in
the event of sickness
14. Respect, Protect, and Fulfil
• 1999 UN Economic and Social Council,
Twentieth Session (a UN Charter Body)
• General Comment 12 on the Right to Adequate
Food (Article 11 ICESCR)
• The Right imposes three types or levels of
obligations on States parties:
– The obligation to respect
– The obligation to protect
– The obligation to fulfil, which incorporates the
obligations to facilitate and to provide
15. 2000 UN Economic and Social Council,
Twenty-second Session
General Comment 14 on the Right to the Highest
Attainable Standard of Health
• The right to health includes the right to a system of health
protection
• The right to health is closely related and dependent upon other
rights, including the rights to human dignity, non discrimination,
equality, education, housing, privacy, access to information, and
freedom of association
• The right to health extends beyond health-care services to the
underlying determinants of health (access to safe and potable
water, sanitation, food, housing, education, and healthy
occupational and environmental conditions)
16. Dimensions of the
Right to Health (UN, 2002)
Availability Acceptability
Right to Health
Accessibility Quality
Source: United Nations (2000) General Comment No. 14 on the right to health
17. Availability
“Public health and health-care facilities, goods
and services, as well as programmes, have to be
available in sufficient quantity within the State
party”
18. Acceptability
“All health facilities, goods and services must be
respectful of medical ethics and culturally
appropriate, i.e. respectful of the culture of
individuals, minorities, peoples and communities,
sensitive to gender and life-cycle requirements, as
well as being designed to respect confidentiality
and improve the health status of those concerned”
19. Quality
“As well as being culturally acceptable, health
facilities, goods and services must also be
scientifically and medically appropriate and of
good quality”
20. Accessibility
Non-discrimination
“Health facilities, goods and services must be accessible to all,
especially the most vulnerable or marginalized sections of the
population”
Physical accessibility
“Health facilities, goods and services must be within safe physical
reach for all sections of the population, especially vulnerable or
marginalized groups”
21. Accessibility (cont’d)
Economic accessibility (Affordability)
“Payment for health-care services, as well as services related to the
determinants of health, has to be based on equity, ensuring that these
services, whether privately or publicly provided, are affordable for all,
including socially disadvantaged groups”
Information accessibility
“Accessibility includes the right to seek, receive and impart information
and ideas concerning health issues”
22. Article 12.2 (b). The right to healthy natural and
workplace environments
• The improvement of all aspects of environmental and
industrial hygiene (art. 12.2 (b)) comprises, inter alia,
preventive measures in respect of occupational
accidents and diseases; the requirement to ensure an
adequate supply of safe and potable water and basic
sanitation; the prevention and reduction of the
population's exposure to harmful substances such as
radiation and harmful chemicals or other detrimental
environmental conditions that directly or indirectly
impact upon human health.
23. Article 12.2 (b). The right to healthy natural and
workplace environments
• Furthermore, industrial hygiene refers to the
minimization, so far as is reasonably practicable, of the
causes of health hazards inherent in the working
environment. Article 12.2 (b) also embraces adequate
housing and safe and hygienic working conditions, an
adequate supply of food and proper nutrition, and
discourages the abuse of alcohol, and the use of
tobacco, drugs and other harmful substances.
24. Article 12.2 (c). The right to prevention, treatment
and control of diseases
• The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic,
endemic, occupational and other diseases requires the
establishment of prevention and education
programmes for behavior-related health concerns such
as sexually transmitted diseases, in particular
HIV/AIDS, and those adversely affecting sexual and
reproductive health, and the promotion of social
determinants of good health, such as environmental
safety, education, economic development and gender
equity.
25. Article 12.2 (c). The right to prevention, treatment
and control of diseases
• The control of diseases refers to States’ individual and
joint efforts to, inter alia, make available relevant
technologies, using and improving epidemiological
surveillance and data collection on a disaggregated
basis, the implementation or enhancement of
immunization programmes and other strategies of
infectious disease control.