This document provides an overview of theoretical driving course material for student driver's permit applicants. It covers the following key points: 1. The 15-hour theoretical lecture is required by law to help instill discipline for drivers. 2. The course outline includes topics on the history of land transportation, the Land Transportation Office (LTO), LTO's core functions like driver licensing and vehicle registration, and LTO's relationships with other transportation agencies. 3. The document then goes into further detail on sections of the registration process, including registration classification, fees, plate numbers, and exceptions.

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Introduction to
Driving
Subject Code: TDC-15-S-01
Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)
For Student Driver’s Permit Applicants
Subject No. 1

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The 15 hours theoretical lecture (under RA 10930) it is a requirement,
The law requires to formulate a system, Stricter procedure of
granting driver license, and this is one way of helping instill
discipline to all drivers
Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)
For Student Driver’s Permit Applicants

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Introduction to Driving
Topic Outline:
1. Background/Evolution of Land Transportation and its Role in National Development
2. The Land Transportation Office
a. Mission
b. Vision
c. Organization
3. LTO Core application
a. Driver’s License
b. Motor Vehicle Registration
c. Law Enforcement and Ticketing System
4. Relationship with other Agencies
a. DOTr
b. LTFRB
c. PNP-HPG
d. MMDA/LGUs
e. DPWH

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Background / Evolution of Land Transportation and
Its Role in National Development
February 6, 1912 Legislative Act 2159 - Automobile Section
1926 Act Number 3045 - Automobile Division under BPW.
January 1, 1933 Act Number 3992 “Revised Motor Vehicle Law”
June 2, 1945
Reorganizing the division and its function
(section chief, division chief, director)
June 20, 1964 RA 4136 or the Land Transportation Traffic Code
March 20,1985 Executive Order 1011 – Land Transportation Commission (LTC)
June 30, 1987 -
Present
Land Transportation Office (LTO)
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB).

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation And Traffic Code
Mission
Vision
Mandate
Organizational Chart

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
Rationalize the land transportation services
and facilities and to effectively implement
the various transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
MISSION

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
A front line government agency
showcasing fast and efficient public service
for a progressive land transport sector.
VISION

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
Register roadworthy and emission-compliant
motor vehicles;
License quality drivers; and
Put order on the road and enforcement of land
transportation laws, rules and regulations.
MANDATE

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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
Assistant Secretary
Executive Director
Law Enforcement Service (LES) Traffic Adjudication Service (TAS)
Field Enforcement
Division (FED)
Investigation &
Intelligence Division
(IID)
Traffic Safety
Division (TSD)
Regional Director
Assistant Regional Director
District Officers
Extension Office/DLRO
LTO ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
(PERTAINING REGISTRATION & LICENSING)

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Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
 Motor Vehicle
 Passenger Automobile
 Articulated Vehicle
 Driver
 Professional/ Nonprofessional Driver
 Owner
 Dealer
SECTION 3 - DEFINITION

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Republic Act No. 4136
Land Transportation and Traffic Code
 Garage
 Gross weight
 Highways
 Parking or Parked
 Tourist
Article III - Administration of Act
Section 4 – Creation of Commission Repealed by RA6374

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Section 5: Compulsory Registration of Motor Vehicles
Amended by BP74
Section 6: Application and Payments for Registration
Section 7: Registration Classification
The Classification of vehicle shall be:
(1) Private
(2) For Hire
(3) Government
(4) Diplomatic
Amended by BP74

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
AGE YEAR
Current 2000
1yr.Old 1999
2yrs.Old 1998
3yrs.Old 1997
4yrs.Old 1996
5yrs.Old 1995
Over 5 yrs old 1994 and below
Aged Private Vehicles - refers to private
passenger cars registered under E.O. 43
series of 1986. Pursuant to MC # EMA-
MC-01348 dated 8/18/01
re: Clarification on the Rates of Collectible
MVUC for Aged Motor Vehicles, hereunder
are the schedule of aged MVs, the base
year of which is 2000 the year RA # 8794
become effective.
Amended by: RA 8794 MVUC Law
Section 8 - Schedule of Registration Fees

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
AGE YEAR AGE YEAR
Current 2000
4 yrs.
old
1996
1yr.Old 1999
5 yrs.
old
1995
2yrs.
Old
1998
Over 5
yrs. old
1994
3yrs.
Old
1997 & below
CATEGORIES GVW RATES
PASSENGER CARS:
LIGHT
Current, up to
5 yrs. old
Over 5 yrs. old
up to 1600kg
Php 2,000.00
1,400.00
MEDIUM
Current, up to
3 yrs. old
4 to 5 yrs. old
Over 5 yrs. old
1601 to
2300kg
Php 6,000.00
4,800.00
2,400.00
HEAVY
Current, up to
5 yrs. old
Over 5 yrs. old
2301kg &
above Php 12,000.00
5,600.00

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER
(Monthly Schedule)
1 – January
2 – February
3 – March
4 – April
5 – May
6 – June
7 – July
8 – August
9 – September
0 – October
Note: Vehicles may be registered two
months in advance
MONTHLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE
LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER
2ND TO THE LAST
DIGIT OF THE PLATE
NUMBER
SCHEDULE / WEEKLY
DEADLINE
1 2 3
1ST TO THE 7TH
WORKING DAY
4 5 6
8TH TO THE 14TH
WORKING DAY
7 8
15TH TO THE 21ST
WORKING DAY
0 9 0
22ND TO THE LAST
WORKING DAY
WEEKLY SCHEDULE IS BASED ON THE 2ND
TO THE LAST DIGIT OF THE PLATE NUMBER

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
R.A No. 8794
“MOTOR VEHICLES USER’S CHARGE (MVUC) LAW ”
An amount equivalent to 25% of the MVUC shall be imposed
on trucks and trailers for loading beyond their prescribed gross
vehicle weight: provided , that no axle load shall exceed
13,500 kgs.
Section 9 – Permissible Weights and Dimension of
Vehicles in Highway Traffic

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Section 10: Special Permit
Section 11: Additional Fees
Section 12: Fee for the Original Registration for part of year
Section 13: Payment of Taxes upon Registration
Section 14: Issuance of Certificates of Registration
Section 15: Use and Authority of Certificates of Registration
Registration of Motor Vehicle

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Registration of MV may be suspended if found:
 Unsightly
 Unsafe
 Improperly marked or equipped
 Unfit to be operated
 Capable of causing excessive damage to the highways
 Not conforming to minimum standards and specifications
Section 16 - Suspension of Registration Certificate

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MV Private - all numbers and
letters are green with white
background for the old plates
while black with white
background for the new plates
Registration of Motor Vehicle
OLD
three letters & three numbers
Section 17 - Number Plates,
Preparation and Issuances

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MV Hire- all numbers and
letters are black with yellow
background.
Rainbow plates are for
tourist MV.
OLD
three letters & three numbers
NEW
three letters & four numbers
MV PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MV For Hire- all numbers
and letters are black with
yellow background.
Rainbow plates are for
tourist MV.
MV PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Trailer Plates- all numbers
and letters are green with
white background for the old
plates while black with white
background for the new
plates.
TRAILER PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Trailer Plates For Hire- all
numbers and letters black
with yellow background.
TRAILER PLATES FOR HIRE

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MV Government - all
numbers and letters
are red with white
background.
OLD
three letters & three numbers
NEW
three letters & four numbers
MV PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MV Diplomatic – all
numbers and letters are
blue with white
background. There are four
or five numbers.
MV DIPLOMATIC

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MC/TC private - all numbers
and letters are green with
white background for the
old plates while black with
white background for new.
NEW
two letters & five numbers
OLD
two letters & four numbers
MOTORCYCLE PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
MC/TC Government - all
numbers and letters are red
with white background.
OLD
two letters & four numbers
MC PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
TC For Hire - all numbers
and letters are black with
yellow background.
MC PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Validation Stickers –are stickers
that are attached on the windshield.
TRAILER
MC
GOVT
Validation Stickers and Plate Year Tags

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
REGIONAL OFFICE NEW ASSIGNED LETTER
I I
II B
III C
IV – A D
IV – B V
V E
VI F
VII G
VIII H
IX J
X K
XI L
XII M
NCR N
CAR Y
CARAGA Z
Assignment and distribution of
Motor Vehicle License Plates
from July 1, 2016 onwards.
Based on Memorandum Circular
No. 2018-2143 (Annex I)
MV PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
REGION VII
REGION XI
REGION IV-A

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
President of the Republic of the Philippines
1 and/or
PANGULO
Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines
2
Senate President
3
Speaker of the House Representative
4
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
5
PROTOCOL PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Cabinet Secretary
6
Senator
7
Congressman / Member – House of Representative
8
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
9
Solicitor General, Presiding Justice and Other
Justices of the Court Appeals
10
PROTOCOL PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Chairman of the Commission on Elections
11
Cabinet Secretary
12
Chief of Staff, AFP and Chief, PNP
14
Regional Trial Court Judges (RTC)
16
Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC),
Metropolitan Trial Court in the Cities (MTCC)
Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) and Sha’ra Court
17
PROTOCOL PLATES

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
The issuances of these Plates are at any
LTO Registration Offices wherein the
MV, TRL, MC & TC are first registered.
MV PLATES

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At all times, number plates shall be displayed in
conspicuous places, one in front and one in the rear.
Registration Motor Vehicle
Section 18 – Use of Number Plates
The number plates shall be kept clean and cared
for, and shall be firmly affixed to the motor vehicle in
such a manner as will make it entirely visible and
always legible.

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Exception in MV
Registration

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Registration of Motor Vehicle
Exception in MV
Registration

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STUDENT PERMIT NONPROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCTOR’S
LICENSE

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Driver’s License
Section 20: License for Enlisted Men Operating Government Vehicle
Repealed by BP398
Section 21: Operation of Motor Vehicle by Tourists
Section 19 – Duty to have License
“The license shall be carried at all times when
operating a motor vehicle and shall be shown and/or
surrendered for cause and upon demand to any person
with authority under this Act to confiscate the same.”

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Driver’s License
Section 22: Application for Driver’s License Amended by BP398
Professional
- An authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
operate a private and public utility
vehicle for a fee. Shall mean every and
any driver hired or paid for driving or
operating a motor vehicle, whether for
private use or for hire to the public.
At least eighteen (18) years of age
With Valid NPDL
No contagious disease

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Driver’s License
Non-Professional
- An authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
operate a private motor vehicle.
 At least seventeen (17) years of age
 With Valid or Expired Student Permit (SP)
Section 22: Application for Driver’s License Amended by BP398

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Driver’s License
• shall be entitled to a renewal of such license for ten (10) years – provided,
however, that DL holder has no traffic violation prior to renewal.
• The LTO shall serve as the repository of all lawfully issued traffic violation.
• Establishment of Stricter Rules Before the Issuance of Driver's License.
Demerit Point (Traffic Violation Points) – an arithmetical value,
specified by integer numbers, assigned to and accumulated by a
driver-violator for every corresponding traffic violation committed as
used in the Point System
Section 23 – As Amended by RA 10930

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Driver’s License
DRIVER’S LICENSE CODE AND VEHICLE CATEGORY SUMMARY
RC
DL
CODE
DESCRIPTION
SEAT CAPACITY
(DRIVER + PASSENGERS)
GVW (KGS)
1 A MOTORCYCLE 1 + 1
1 A1 TRICYCLE 1 + LGU
2 B PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or less UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B1 PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 9 or more UP TO 5000 KGS
2 B2 CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 3500 KGS
2 BE LIGHT ARTICULATED UP TO 3500 KGS
3 C CARRIER OF GOODS 1 + 2 or less UP TO 12000 KGS
8 CE ARTICULATED 1 + 2 or less More than 3500 KGS
3 D PASSENGER VEHICLES 1 + 8 or more More than 5000 KGS
Driver’s License (DL) - New

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VehicleType CertificateofTrainingorSeminar
Ambulance TESDANCIIforAmbulanceTrainingCourse
Firetrucks NationalFireTrainingInstitute
ArmoredCar Armored Services Association of the Philippines or other related
association
SchoolService LandTransportationandRegulatoryBoard(LTFRB)
CarrierofHazardousCargo TESDANCIIIforHandlingandTransportingofHazardousCargo
TrucksandTrailers TESDANCIIIforTrucks,HaulersandTrailersTrainingCourse
Driver’s License
Driver’s License (DL) - New

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Driver’s License
Experience and Training Requirements – Professional DL
Valid NPDL
Driver’s License (DL) - New

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Driver’s License

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Driver’s License
Driver’s License - Front

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Driver’s License
Driver’s License - Back

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Driver’s License
Nonprofessional
motorcycle,
Automatic
Transmission
Professional Light
Vehicle, Manual
and Automatic
Transmission
Professional Bus Driver, with
Authority to drive Special
Purpose vehicle, Automatic
Transmission only

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Driver’s License
• All holders of driver’s license for renewal shall be
required to attend the DEP
• Holders of delinquent DL must attend the DEP and
must pass the theoretical and practical examination
• DEP, theoretical and practical examination may be
imposed to DL holders during intervention program
Driving Enhancement Program (DEP)

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Driver’s License
Categories of Violations Demerit Point/s
a. Grave Violations 5
b. Less Grave Violations 3
c. All other violations not otherwise enumerated as
grave or less grave which shall be considered as
light
1
1
Drivers of public utility vehicles (PUV) shall be
meted double the number of demerit points for
every traffic violation committed while operating a
For Hire motor vehicle.
Including the driver of a private motor vehicle
operating as a PUV but without proper authority
from the LTFRB
Accumulation Period. – during
the validity of DL

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Driver’s License
Violation Points Penalty Hours
5 – 9 demerit points –
applicants for renewal of DL
Driving Enhancement Program (DEP) or
accredited service provider
4 hours
10 or more demerit points DEP plus Theoretical Exam 8 hours
same violation is committed for
at least three (3) times
DEP – 4 hours 4 hours
franchise-related violation Driver’s Academy with LTFRB
at least forty (40) demerit points Revoked for at least two (2) years 15 hours
Holders of SP (5 demerit points)
Confiscation and revocation of SP and
may apply after one year
3 times revocation – Perpetual

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Driver’s License
A driver who is not able to complete the
intervention program within thirty (30) days from
his last apprehension, after a notice has been
given, shall have his driver’s license suspended
until he is able to attend the required course.

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Driver’s License
Period of Prohibition from Non-Pro to
PRO or additional DL Code
Demerit Points from
Date of Issuance
Period of Prohibition
1-2 3 months
3-4 6 months
5 or more 1 year

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Driver’s License
Section 24: Use of driver’s license and identification card
Amended by BP398
“ Every license issued under the provision
of this Act to any driver shall entitle the
holder thereof, while the same is valid and
effective, to operate motor vehicles
described in such license,….
…. Professional DL holder must secure
Identification Card from LTO ”

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Driver’s License
Section 25: Driver’s Record
Any driver who changes his address shall, within
fifteen days, notify the Commissioner in writing of
his new address, name and address of his new
employer, the number of the motor vehicle he is
employed to operate, and such other information
as the Commissioner may require.

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Driver’s License
Section 26: Renewal of License
Amended by BP398
Any license not renewed on or before the last
working day prior to the expiry date shall become
delinquent and invalid, except when the license is
surrendered to the Director or his deputies on or
before the last working day prior to the expiry date
of such license as hereinabove specified in order to
avoid payment of the delinquency fees.

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Driver’s License
Section 27: Authority to Suspend, Revoke and Reinstate Driver’s License
Amended by BP398
Without prejudice to the authority of the court
in appropriate cases and except as herein
otherwise provided, the Director shall have
exclusive power and authority to suspend or
revoke for cause any driver's license issued
under the provisions of this Act.

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Driver’s License
Section 29: Confiscation of Driver’s License
Amended by BP398
Only LTO deputized Traffic enforcers are
allowed to confiscate driver’s license
Section 28: Driver’s Bond
Amended by BP398

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Driver’s License
STUDENT-DRIVER’S PERMIT
It is an authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) to a person who desires
to learn to operate a motor vehicle
when accompanied by a duly
accredited licensed driver with DL
code possessing the type of vehicle
being learned.
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

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Driver’s License
STUDENT-DRIVER’S PERMIT
It is an authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) to a person who desires
to learn to operate a motor vehicle
when accompanied by a duly
accredited licensed driver with DL
code possessing the type of vehicle
being learned.
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

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Driver’s License
• Sixteen (16) years old for Filipinos and Eighteen (18) years old for Foreigners
• Able to read and write (English, Filipino or any major dialect)
• Physically and mentally fit
• Mandatory 15 hours driving education (from LTO or accredited driving school)
before taking the written examination
• Valid for a period of one (1) year – RA 4136 Section 30
• Expired SP for not more than one (1) year may be used only to apply for DL
• Must pass the theoretical examination with the passing rate of 80% (20/25)
• Renewable SP upon payment of renewal fee.
• No need for theoretical examination on plain renewal of SP
1st Year – Learn to Drive
– one month for NPDL
1st year of Expired SP - Apply
only for DL and No driving lesson
After one year of expired SP –
must renew SP with written exam
Year 1 - Valid SP Year 2 - Expired SP Year 3 or more - Delinquent SP
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

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Driver’s License
Expired SP
(treated as Plain Renewal)
- may be renewed after the date
of expiration upon payment of
renewal fee and appropriate
fines and/or penalty, if there is
any.
Delinquent SP
- may be renewed after passing
the written examination upon
payment of renewal fee and
appropriate fines and/or
penalty, if there is any.
Section 30: Student-driver’s Permit (SP)

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Driver’s License
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee
CONDUCTOR’S LICENSE
is an authority embodied in a form
prescribed by the LTO to a person to
assist the driver of a public utility
vehicle to collect fares and/or to
ensure the safety of the passengers
and/or cargo while the said vehicle is
in operation.
 Eighteen (18) years old
 Physically and mentally fit
 No contagious disease
 Able to read and write (English, Filipino etc.)
 Must pass the online examination
(new & delinquent)
 No unsettled traffic violation
 Attended & passed the Road Safety Seminar
 No pending criminal cases

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Driver’s License
Section 32 – Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of
Conductor’s License, Validity and Fee
No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow more
passengers or more freight or cargo on his vehicle than its
registered carrying capacity.
No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow any passengers
to ride on the cover or top of such vehicle.
No driver shall allow any person on the running board, step board,
or mudguard of his motor vehicle for any purpose while the
vehicle is in motion.

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Law Enforcement
Put order on the road and enforce
land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.

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Law Enforcement
- to carry out effectively a rule of
conduct or action prescribed by a
controlling authority and formally
recognized as binding by the people
in a given territory.

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Law Enforcement
TYPES OF ENFORCEMENT
Punitive
Preventive
Persuasive

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Ticketing System
1. Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) - issued by LTO deputized
enforcers for traffic and administrative (non-moving violations)
which serves as:
• Receipt for driver’s license confiscated ;
• Notice and Summon;
• Temporary driver’s license (for 72 hrs. only)
2. Traffic Violation Receipt (TVR) - issued by MMDA deputized
enforcers for traffic violations committed within Metro Manila
(under Sec. 5F of R.A. No. 7924 dated April 15, 1995)

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Ticketing System
3. Uniform Ordinance Violation Receipt (UOVR) - issued by
Local Government Units (LGU’s) under the Single Ticketing
System dated Jan. 26, 2012, MMDA Resolution No. 12-02
(Only in Metro Manila)
4. Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) - issued by the LGU under Sec. 5
of PD 1605 dated Nov. 21, 1978
Note: Non-confiscation of Driver’s License under Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 1 Series of 2008 dated September 10, 2008, under
Sec. 3.4A

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Ticketing System
Temporary Operator‘s
Permit (TOP)
Traffic Violation Receipt
(TVR)
Ordinance Violation
Receipt (OVR)
Traffic Citation
Ticket (TCT)

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Relationship with other Agencies
Agency Involved in Traffic Administration
DOTr
DOTr is the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating,
implementing, regulating and administrative entity of the executive
branch of the government in the promotion, development, regulation
of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation.
LTFRB
Certificate of Public Convenience (franchising of public utility motor
vehicle) including enforcement of the Public Service Law (CA 146).
PNP-HPG Enforcement of Republic Act 4136
MMDA/LGUs
Responsible for traffic direction and control within Metro Manila and
its Localities
DPWH
Responsible for road engineering and infrastructure as well as
construction, maintenance and repairs of roads including installation
of traffic signs and signals and pavement markings.

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