tb

32. • The external quality assessment (EQA) of sputum
smear microscopy was implemented in 2007.
• Probes are used to predict drugs resistance
in First Line - Line Probe Assay (FL-LPA).
• Drug susceptibility testing (DST) of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is generally carried
out after a culture is isolated from a clinical
specimen.
• Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-
NAAT, GeneXpert,) is an automated cartridge-based
molecular technique which not only detects
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis but also rifampicin
resistance within two hours and has been endorsed
by WHO as an initial diagnostic test in children
suspected of having tuberculosis both in pulmonary
and specific forms of extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

38. • The Ziehl-Neelsen
(ZN) stain was
developed to exploit the
mycobacterial genus'
acid fastness

42. • H: isoniazid; R:
rifampicin;
Z: pyrazinamide; S:
streptomycin; E:
ethambutol.

52. • In 2016, India´s National TB Programme (NTP) introduced
bedaquiline (BDQ) under a Conditional Access Programme
(BDQ-CAP) at six sites after providing extensive training
and strengthening laboratory testing, pre-treatment
evaluation, active drug safety monitoring and management
(aDSM) and follow-up systems.
• “Universal Access to TB Care” pilot is an initiative that focuses on
proactive private sector engagement. It seeks to transform urban TB
control in India by educating private practitioners, testing centres and
pharmacies on best practices essential for effective TB control.