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Task 7
The End of The F***ing World is a Dark comedy
drama based in England. The show consists of two
character who are seemed to be in a relationship,
however the girl doesn’t realise that she is dating a
psychopath who is looking to kill his first victim. The
show consists of eight episodes with each one being
around 20 minutes long. The show first aired on
Channel 4 on October 24th 2017, the show brought all eight episodes out at once for
its audience to air online via Channel 4 on demand. End of the F***ing World has
only got one season and doesn't look like it’s getting a second so far. The show
managed to get itself a rating of 8.2 out of 10 on IMDB.
In the first episode we are introduced to both Alyssa and James. Seventeen-year-old
James is convinced that he is a psychopath, having killed animals since the age of
nine and now seeking a human victim. At school he meets angry, foul-mouthed
Alyssa, whom he marks as a potential victim and dates uneasily, sharing with her his
disdain of his cheery single father Phil. After attending a party given by her mother
Gwen and lustful step-father Tony Alyssa persuades James to steal Phil's car and
run away with her.
During this Essay I’m going to talk about elements during the first episode of the
show The End of the F***ing World. These elements include the Genre, Narrative
aspect of the show, The messages in the Episode, its target audience, the impact on
the target audience and lastly Different audience effect theories.
Firstly, Genre, The End of the F***ing World has been given the genre of Dark
Comedy Drama as it includes the elements from both the comedy aspect and the
drama aspect, this may include fully moments brought in the show or serious issues
which need addressing. The show is based on a graphic novel. As The End of the
F***ing World combines 2 different genres it is a subgenre which is in contemporary
of tragicomedy in TV. Through the episode we can see that the show can be quite
serious as there is violence as relatable content for the audience, as some content of
the show is serious in the fact that it's a drama, it uses the subgenre of comedy to
lighten the mood. We know that the show is a drama as it includes real life situations
with the characters and how they want to live their life to the fullest.
With dramatic shows in the Drama Genre we can see both the best and worst in
people, During the show it allows us to realise each side of the characters and their
features. Because the Show is a Comedy drama we can tell that Jessica Barden has
both a funny side but also a serious side as she doesn’t like her family and wants to
run away with her boyfriend, Alex Lawther.
The End of the F***ing World uses many of the
conventions in drama. Firstly, slow motion, its
used in one of the first cuts at the beginning of the
first episode to go along with music and to show
dramatic effects, it also works well as this is when
we are first introduced to James and how he
thinks he may be a psychopath. There is also
more dramatic effects as most slow motion is used during James’ narration of how
he may think he’s a psychopath, we see him sitting by the table listening to music by
himself, the camera slowly moves in, we also see someone losing their food and
getting slapped in slow motion. This effect can make the audience feel as if James is
thinking as this can show a dramatic effect.
Furthermore, another use of slow motion is show
right after we are introduced to the next main
character Alyssa, we see her smash her phone
on the floor then start to walk away, this is when
the slow motion shows and takes effect as it can
show us that she is breaking the rules and is
‘bad’. We also see a quick cut of slow motion on Alyssa's face, this allows us to see
her emotions and how she is feeling and because the cut is also in slow motion it
has more of an effect meaning that she isn't as happy as she wants to be.
Furthermore, after a couple of cuts we then see Alyssa walk away and start to put a
jacket on and leave. As this is in slow motion it has the effect that she is moving on
and this is serious as the drama genre should be. Lastly, the most effective use of
slow motion was at the end of the episode, this was then they both decided to run
away. This part was the most effective use of slow motion as it shows these two
people breaking the rules, also we see James punch his dad and because it's in slow
motion we can tell it is meaningful and shows dramatic effect.
In the conventions for drama are freeze-frames.
During the episode we don't really have any
freeze-frames but instead there are moments
where the character would stand still in the shot
as narration is played during the shot, this is used
at the start of the show when we are introduced
to each character, but apart from these moments
we don't have other shots. The freeze-frames are effective as we can see the
emotions of each character and in drama type shows this is useful as many of the
character we are shown in other drama shows aren't always happy just like the
characters in this show, The End of the F***ing World.
Relationships take a big part in the TV Drama world, it important for characters to
have a relationship as this is what builds the tension between each person and what
creates the drama aspect of the show. Relationships can be within friendship,
romantic relationships, or family. During the first episode
of The End of the F***ing World we start to learn the
relationships within each character. Firstly, James and
Alyssa didn’t really know each other until they started to
date, during the dating stage we started to learn that
James doesn’t really love Alyssa and is just doing this to
get close to her until he can kill her. However, Alyssa is the opposite, as she doesn’t
really get along with her family she wants someone to take care of her or ‘Love Her’,
This is where James came in. During the first episode there isn't really and friendship
as we are only seeing these two characters but near the end of the episode we can
see that they start to get along more and their relationship starts to work out.
Furthermore, family during the first episode of the show is viewed as being the bad
ones, both James and Alyssa don't like their parents so they run away, we know this
by each character’s expression towards them. The relationship with the family
members of Alyssa seem to be happy and joyful as they have now got twins,
compared to Alyssa who doesn't like her new step dad. However, James’ mum
moved away to Thailand and is left with just his dad who seems to be quite
annoying, but also joyful towards Alex.
Some of the audience will be able to relate to the character as they are also
everyday people who are living their life, this could be the adults relating to the
parents with children who may be hard to deal with, or teens who can relate to
James or Alyssa. As people can relate to the characters, the show is easily seen as
a drama, this is because dramas can be shows
which can relate to everyday situations which
may happen to its audience. However, the first
episode doesn't fully cover both relationships
between each character with them and their
families, we are also introduced to other
characters too, this is later in the season.
Furthermore, another key convention in TV drama is verisimilitude, this is when a
programme or film uses things which can relate to our real lives in order to create a
believable world, so it appears to be real for its audience. The End of the F***ing
World does well to reflect our reality on how and where the show is based. We can
clearly see that the show is set and based in the same reality as what we live in, the
show is based in England and uses the aspect which how we may know England,
this may include the restaurant, cars, or
language which the character’s use. People can
relate to how the characters speak and how they
were brought up. Also some locations may be
familiar to its audience as we find out the show is
based in south England. Furthermore, the show
can also be relatable as we see both James and Alyssa go to school. This give the
audience the impression to start believing the show is based in real life and in the
world we are living in.
One other convention used in TV Drama is that they would often cover up social
issues that may be affecting society at the time, allowing the audience to then again
relate to the show and feel as it is happening in the real world. Also, depending on
the specific issue being covered, it may also make the audience cafe for the specific
person or character more. We don't really see any example in the first episode but
through the serious we start to see other issues which people can relate to.
Through the first episode we come across many
issues in society which are affecting people all
ages. Firstly, when we are introduced to Alyssa
we see her get a message from her friends who
are all using their phones at the table, she then
realises this is enough and then smashes her
phone, this shows that technology is taking over
people's lives, we are then introduced to the fact that James also doesn't like phones
or technology. As technology is taking over people lives its making people less
interactive as we see at the table with all of Alyssa’s friends, they are also oblivious
to that fact one of the friends has messaged about Alyssa while she is sitting right
opposite her. Another issue in society is Divorce, we see that both James and Alyssa
have had their parent’s divorces as James’ mum now lives in Thailand and when
James and Alyssa sit on the bench outside we can see it brings memories back for
James as a kid. Furthermore, Alyssa’s dad has also moved away because of a
divorce and hasn't seen Alyssa since, she gets a card from her very year but it still
shows how her father is missing from her life. This can then relate to the audience as
many people get divorces nowadays.
The narration is the way in which the storyline is portrayed, whereas the storyline just
means the plot. Narration can be arranged in linear, meaning events will be shown in
chronological order or non-linear, which is the opposite and means events can be
shown in non-chronological order. However, The End Of The F***ing World is, in
fact, a Linear programme meaning everything is in chronological order, We know this
as all events through the show are in order, however, some parts to go back such as
some flashbacks or when we are introduced to Alyssa. We see the moment they
meet twice as we watch Alyssa’s story and how she met James. Having this small
part of Non-linear in the show helps the audience become introduced to its
characters, but after we are introduced the storyline stays linear.
Narration can also mean that the story could be open-ended, or close-ended, this
means that the episode may end on what is called a cliff-hanger. If the story is open-
ended at the end of the episode we will see that the storyline is incomplete, this will
then mean the audience will need to watch the next episode to know the rest of the
story. Furthermore, a close-ended show means that the storyline has been
completed at the end of the episode and nothing has to be answered.
At the end of The End Of The F***ing World, we see both Alyssa and James drive off
in James’ dad’s car, we don't know what happens next, this is called a cliff-hanger
and the story has been left open-ended, this makes the audience need to watch the
next episode. Not only was it left on a cliff-hanger but also gave a shock to its
audience as young kids just ran off and people don't know where they are going to
next. As this series was all aired at once its viewers didn't have to worry about what
will happen next as they can just watch the show straight away, but with other shows
people need to wait around a week, this can build tension as the audience are
curious with what can happen next episode.
A media narrative can be either single-stranded or multi-stranded, this means it
could have either one or more storylines. The End Of The F***ing World is a multi-
stranded programme as multiple stories take place during the show. Firstly, in
episode one we have the storyline of Alyssa and her family, in this storyline, we learn
how Alyssa doesn't like her new stepdad who has just had twins with her mum, she
also misses her real dad who sends her cards every year. Alyssa is now living in a
dream house with a big garden but doesn't like this life as she hates her parents.
Another storyline is about James and his family, this is similar to Alyssa as James
also misses a family member e.g. his mum and doesn't like his dad as he is
annoying. Both storylines are very similar and that what brings these two characters
together as they are so alike. However, both Storylines are quite short as Alyssa and
James run away together at the end of the first episode, We are also introduced to
other storylines through the season as investigations start to find James and Alyssa.
Both storylines are shown on screen around for around the same length as the first
episode is giving us a little backstory about the characters and their families.
The End Of The F***ing World uses a lot of
narration throughout the first episode, this
helps us understand the plot and what the
characters are feeling without saying it in
person, it is like they are talking to us as an
audience to make us feel as we are there
with them. Furthermore, the show is also done in parts, for example, the first episode
consists of both part 1 and part 2, this could be like chapters in a story as each part
may have its own little storyline to go along with it. For example, part one was us
being introduced to the characters and part 2 was the start of both James’ and
Alyssa’s relationship and how they want to run away.
There are several different narration theorists who believe that their theory is
appropriate and is able to be applied to all narratives, this could be in a film book and
television programme, I will talk about these theories and apply them to The End Of
The F***ing World.
Firstly, Roland Barthes (1915-1980) suggested that
narrative works with 5 different codes, these
activate the reader or watcher in this purpose, to
make sense of it. The most popular code out of the
5 codes was the ‘enigma code’, this code works to
keep setting up little puzzles to be solved before the
story's ending, this can also delay its ending. This
code allows the audience to piece together small
parts and keep the audience thinking what is going to happen next.
This code is used in the show The End Of The F***ing World, it's presented in
episode one. Through the episode we learn that James is a psychopath and is
looking to kill his first victim, however, we do see small clips of James thinking what it
would be like if he killed his girlfriend there and then, this then gives the audience a
feeling when he is going to kill her. It keeps the audience wondering when it is going
to happen or if it going to happen. This is probably one of the most important
narrative theory as it's used today a lot in films TV shows and Books.
Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009) is another
narrative theorist who came up with the narrative
theory which argued that a permanent structure of
all meaning-making, not just narratives, was
dependant on conflicts between two elements, good
and bad. Usually through TV programmes, Films or
Books, one is more valued than the other. At The
End Of The F***ing World, we have a mixture of
both good and bad but the more valued is bad, this is because from the two main
characters Alyssa and James, we learn that they are not the nicest people and are
not always good people. For example, Alyssa would often talk rude to her stepdad
and her mum, and James would ignore his dad and is known for not having a sense
of humour. We also see that James has killed animals and is known for being a
Psychopath. However, we can refer back to the two as a couple with one being bad
and one being good. As James wants to kill Alyssa he may be portrayed as the bad
character and Alyssa as the good as she is innocent and unaware of James’
intentions.
Thirdly, another Narrative theorist is Vladimir Propp,
Vladimir Propp Argued in the 1920’s that whatever the
surfaces differences of a story, it was always possible
to group its characters and actions in all different
roles, this could include the doctor, hero, villain princess, detective, Etc. All these
characters would then help move the story along in Propps eyes. However, The End
Of The F***ing World doesn't really abide by this Theory and no real character is
used, There are detectives in the show but this is later in other episodes and does
not occur for episode 1. The show The End Of The F***ing World really only has a
villain, being James who wants to kill a human, There is no real human as no one is
trying to help James stop from what he is doing as no one known what his real
intentions are with his Girlfriend. Furthermore, throughout the series, the characters
start to fill up and we start to learn the roles of each character and who is the hero.
Lastly out of the theories is Tzvetan Todorov, He
argued that all stories begin with an equilibrium,
meaning there is a state of rest or balance due to the
equal action of opposing forces. When can then get
distributed by an open balance, which then can set off
a motion of events, which leads to the story ending
with a second (But Different) equilibrium. For
example, Todorov's theory is explaining how a story can start off with everything
going normally as per usual, but then something happens which is a disruption, this
then gets followed up by the recognition as people realize something has gone
wrong, then people fix the disruption. A new equilibrium is then set.
In the first episode of The End Of The F***ing World, we don't see any real
equilibrium but as I've seen the whole series it all links to one massive equilibrium,
this is from each episode and how we learn something new. Furthermore, in the first
episode, we learn how both James and Alyssa want to run away and they end up
doing this, this is the first part of the equilibrium as after everything is going normal
something happened with these two running away, this is known as the disruption in
the series. In later episodes the family start to realize they have run away, this is the
realization, and so on through the series, they start to fix up the equilibrium which
ends up becoming a new equilibrium. However, during the series, we are also
introduced to another equilibrium, but this would give too many spoilers away.
Whenever watching a Television Drama, they always typically hide a deeper
message in its story, this would then make the audience concentrate more and think
about the show while watching an episode, this can also get them deeper in the main
story and the characters of the show. At The End Of The F***ing World, there are
actually many different messages that are portrayed over the course of the eight-
episode show. A big message that came out of this show, is the very clear message
about sexual assault and consent. After Alyssa walks in on James getting assaulted
in the bathroom by the man giving them a ride, she defends him and later has a talk
with James. This was later in another episode but relates to the topic around the
messages of the show.
In episode one we can tell that the message is around two children, James and
Alyssa. When we are first introduced to Alyssa, she’s the new girl at school who
wants to fit with the popular kids. One of the first scenes she’s in, she’s sitting at a
lunch table with the “popular” girls, all of which are not talking to each other, but
texting instead. She eventually receives a message from a girl sitting right next to her
and becomes so angry that she smashes her own phone to the ground for no
reason, as mentioned previously. She leaves the table and walks over to James,
who she then confronts with an insult, and the start of a weird relationship between
the two of them is born. This scene itself shows the virtual world that most of us have
resorted to, and the interference of this world with reality and the intimate bonds we
form with other people. James says he doesn’t
have a phone either and Alyssa is intrigued by his
apparent weirdness. We also learn through the
first episode of the show that James thinks that he
is a psychopath and wants to kill a human, this
can also relate to the message of the show as its
one of the main plots of the series.
Furthermore, another message that is quite hidden and if you stick with the series
long enough you will start to understand that both James and Alyssa are just two
scared children who don't know what to do with their lives. It's about how both of
these Kids want to make their own life choices and what they want to be. A lot of
things seem like they are when we are trying to figure out things for ourselves. Some
may even say this story is actually a love story, but not your traditional love story.
One small scene in task one shows a small
message which as a big meaning in nowadays
culture. When James and Alyssa are sitting
with James’ dad, we hear the dad say, “and
though he was gay”, this must have triggered
Alyssa as she responds with “we live in a
really broad spectrum these days”, this shows
us that this message is referring that people can be whatever sexuality they want
these days and anyone show be accepted. Furthermore, Alyssa also talks about how
she could be gay and James could be asexual.
The End Of The F***ing World never aired on National Television, it was all brought
out at once on demand to allow its audience o binge-watch as soon as it came out.
The series is also available on Netflix but is a channel 4 series. Netflix had to pay
channel 4 its rights to air the series on its platform. Channel 4 is the second public
broadcaster behind BBC. Channel 4 was first founded in 1982 and is known for its
edge and weird programmes to be aired on its channels. For example, shows like
fresh meat and Big Fat Gypsy Weddings have been broadcasted on Channel 4.
Channel 4’s main target audience is the normal family which consists of 2 parents
with at least one child, back in 200 they release the series of big brother which was
completely different to any other shows broadcasted on TV at the time.
The Programme on Channel 4 can relate to its audience in many ways. The End Of
The F***ing World Does this as it shows middle class or upper-class family and how
they live their lives. This shows that the audience is able to relate to its audience
while watching the Programme on Channel 4 on demand or Netflix. The audience
can also relate to the issues going on in the show as some of these issues relate to
the real world. People can also spot themselves in similar situations in which the
characters in the show are put in.
Firstly, in episode one, we have introduced to
James and Alyssa and their families, we are able
to tell how each of the families is living based on
their houses and their clothing. With James he has
quite a big house but not up to the best quality,
this could mean his family may be middle class,
the audience is able to relate to this as middle-
class families may be watching the show. Alyssa
is shown to be living in a more upper-class house
with an upper-class family considering how they
are dressed. Alyssa’s mum would often speak
posh too, giving the sense that they have quite a
bit of money. The audience can also relate to
Alyssa’s family too as upper-class families may also be watching the show too.
The audience is most likely going to be able to relate to the character in The End Of
The F***ing World as people who watch the show are most likely going to be teens,
as they would want to watch the show as they may have watched the trailer. Teens
are going to be able to relate to both James and Alyssa during the show as the
audience would most likely also be going to school and are sick of doing all the old
boring stuff. However, adults are also going to be able to relate to the show as they
want to know what will happen to the children and their parents as they may want to
know what it is like to have their child run away from home. Parents are most likely to
feel sorry for the parents as they must know what it is like for their child to run away
from home.
The main target audience for The End Of The F***ing World are teenagers at the
age of around 16 and above, I say this because the two main characters in the show
are 17 years old and would make sense for its target audience to be around the
same age as these characters. Having characters in a show at an age of 17 allows
its target audience to relate to a lot of the things which can happen in the show, it
can also teach its audience new thing which they may not have known before either.
The End Of The F***ing World can also attract other audiences who want to live free
and have fun, they may be able to relate to the show as James and Alyssa run off on
their own. The target audience is most likely to also be both male and female
viewers, as both main characters are a mixture of both, this can bring many other
viewers to watch the show as people want a mixture of both genres. The audience is
most likely going to be from England as they can relate to the locations used in the
show and the schools, also can bring a number of different people to watch as both
James and Alyssa are at school. This could mean that the majority of the audience
for The End Of The F***ing World could be people who have the occupation of going
to school or at college.
As The End Of The F***ing World tackles some social issues which people may be
able to relate to, this may help them understand what is ok and what is not. For
example, later in the series, we are introduced to a sexual assault, the audience may
be able to relate to this and help them speak out about what may have happened to
them.
In the first episode of The End Of The F***ing World, the show may have a great
impact on its audience as they may also question themselves on how people always
use technology today and no one really pays attention to others. Furthermore, the
audience may feel impacted as some of the characters can affect the audience in
ways which may make them feel scared of kids who may feel as they want to kill
someone, such as, James wants to do to Alyssa. The audience is most likely going
to feel sorry for the parents in the first episode of the show as the audience also may
have kids and would never want them to run away.
The End Of The F***ing World can easily affect the audience as many of the social
issues shown in the show can be happening in the real world and the audience
would be able to relate to these issues, this can also help them realize how to react
to these issues and how to approach them. The show is likely to have such an
impact on its audience because of the verisimilitude in the programme, this would
mean that the audience is most likely going to believe it, and therefore relate to what
is happening.
Stanley Cohen’s Moral Panics theory (1972)
is when a message is usually given out via a
Television programme, or movie and is
overreacted, and then has a large effect on
its audience and creates moral panic
between the public and the audience of the
show. Moral Panics can link to TV nowadays
as many messages are given out and then over exaggerated in the real world.
People would often think something is as bad as it seems. The message would often
create fear with the public, but would often make people easy to control, as they are
affected by these messages. Usually, the message that is overreacted would be
against a group of people and therefore make the public turn against that specific
group of people.
In The End Of The F***ing World moral
panic was created and turned the audience
against teens around the age of 17. The
show created panic because it would make
the audience feel that all teens may be
psychopaths and want to kill animals or
people. Also, the show would make its
audience feel as all teens don't like their families and want to run away with
someone. However, the parents who watch the show may feel as their child could be
a killer or hate everything as the show emphasizes the message of a normal
teenager to be a psychopath, this then would turn many people against teenagers
who were actually just average people and not psychopaths.
Blumler and Katz Uses and Gratification theory (1974) claims that the audience
chooses a type of media to consume to fill their needs, the needs include, diversion,
personal relationship, personal identity, and surveillance.
Firstly, some audience member chose to watch
The End Of The F***ing World for diversion, this
is when an audience member watches a certain
show or movie to escape their everyday routine,
it allows them to escape into a new world such
as the show they are watching. The End Of The
F***ing World can allow the viewers to see and
feel what it's like to run away from home. As me being that age once before, I can
relate to how the characters are feeling as many teens would want to run away at
times, the show allows people to see what it would really be like if they ran away. For
example, a teenager may watch this show instead of doing work or be revising as
they may want to know what it's like to run away from home and school and live their
own life by their own rules.
The audience also may watch The End Of The
F***ing World for personal relationships in the
programme. Furthermore, one of the main point
in the show is both James and Alyssa being in a
relationship, for example, someone would watch
The End Of The F***ing World to find out what
it's like to be in a relationship or if someone is
lonely with their personal life, they may watch the show for the personal relationships
with the characters families or the relationship between James and Alyssa. The
audience may also be able to relate to the personal relationships too as they also
may be teens around the same age who want a relationship.
In addition, Personal identity is another need that the audience may choose to watch
The End Of The F***ing World for. This may be because the show shows a wide
range of different characters with different personalities, this could be with James’
family or Alyssa’s family. It gives the audience a choice to see which character they
may relate to the most and if another audience member can relate to a character
they may get stuck to the show and want to watch more as they feel as they are part
of the show completely. For example, an audience member may be able to relate to
James’ dad as he is a single parent, this can also help teach a single parent how to
be a better one or how to act like one. Furthermore, another example is Alyssa,
people may be able to relate to Alyssa as being a teenager who is done with their
parents and just wants someone to care for them. People can also relate to Alyssa’s
parents as they are living an ordinary life with new babies and an older teenage
daughter. Watching character that relates to yourself and can be good as you can
find out new qualities about yourself and even learn how to be a better person in
ways which the characters on The End Of The F***ing World may show.
Lastly, Surveillance is used on TV as people want to feel safe or to know what is
going on in the world. TV show this through Sky News or other News channels.
People would watch these channels on TV to fulfil their needs on knowing what is
going on in the world at the time. People also want to learn about new things. In The
End Of The F***ing World surveillance can be used towards the audience to help
their children to stop running away or to see the signs which your child may think
about running away. Furthermore, another example of surveillance may be that
people would watch The End Of The F***ing World to see how to find out if their child
is a psychopath and what signs the parents should look out for. However, audience
members may watch the show to learn new qualities the characters both James and
Alyssa learned while they ran away. People would often watch shows for
surveillance to see how they can fix a problem and how to deal with them, also to
see what that characters in the show done to change the problem.
In my opinion, I feel that I relate to Diversion the most in The End Of The F***ing
World, I feel this because I would often want to know what it may be like to run away
from home and school and to live my life how I would like it. Diversion gives me the
sense of how I can live by my own rules and where I can go if I ran away from home.
I wouldn't need to actually run away from home as the show does that for me and
allows me to join in on the ride and feel as I am with both James and Alyssa running
away from everything.
Hall's Encoding/Decoding theory (1973) tells us that the audience will have one of
three different readings once they have consumed a media text. This can be either
Preferred, oppositional or negotiated.
Firstly, Preferred, some audience members may have a preferred reading over The
End Of The F***ing World, this means that they agree with the message of the story.
With The End Of The F***ing World, the message would be around both Alyssa and
James and how they want to be free and live their own life how they want to live it.
However, others may disagree with the message and are not a preferred viewer. If
you disagree with the message given in the show you would be an oppositional
viewer. This could be because you simply don't think that you should run away from
home, you should stay in education and make sure you grow up in the right manner.
People may think that if you run away from home your life could be ruined as you
have nowhere to go and you won't be able to survive from long. The audience may
not even want to believe the story of the show as they disagree with it. Lastly,
negotiated is another way which the audience may feel about watching the show,
this is when the audience may be in the middle, they can't decide if the message is
good or bad. In my opinion, I feel that this is where I stand, I would like to know what
it is like to run away and I feel it can be good to start fresh from everything. However,
it would also be bad as both James and Alyssa have not finished education and they
have nowhere to even go.

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Task 7

  • 1. Task 7 The End of The F***ing World is a Dark comedy drama based in England. The show consists of two character who are seemed to be in a relationship, however the girl doesn’t realise that she is dating a psychopath who is looking to kill his first victim. The show consists of eight episodes with each one being around 20 minutes long. The show first aired on Channel 4 on October 24th 2017, the show brought all eight episodes out at once for its audience to air online via Channel 4 on demand. End of the F***ing World has only got one season and doesn't look like it’s getting a second so far. The show managed to get itself a rating of 8.2 out of 10 on IMDB. In the first episode we are introduced to both Alyssa and James. Seventeen-year-old James is convinced that he is a psychopath, having killed animals since the age of nine and now seeking a human victim. At school he meets angry, foul-mouthed Alyssa, whom he marks as a potential victim and dates uneasily, sharing with her his disdain of his cheery single father Phil. After attending a party given by her mother Gwen and lustful step-father Tony Alyssa persuades James to steal Phil's car and run away with her. During this Essay I’m going to talk about elements during the first episode of the show The End of the F***ing World. These elements include the Genre, Narrative aspect of the show, The messages in the Episode, its target audience, the impact on the target audience and lastly Different audience effect theories. Firstly, Genre, The End of the F***ing World has been given the genre of Dark Comedy Drama as it includes the elements from both the comedy aspect and the drama aspect, this may include fully moments brought in the show or serious issues which need addressing. The show is based on a graphic novel. As The End of the F***ing World combines 2 different genres it is a subgenre which is in contemporary of tragicomedy in TV. Through the episode we can see that the show can be quite serious as there is violence as relatable content for the audience, as some content of the show is serious in the fact that it's a drama, it uses the subgenre of comedy to lighten the mood. We know that the show is a drama as it includes real life situations with the characters and how they want to live their life to the fullest. With dramatic shows in the Drama Genre we can see both the best and worst in people, During the show it allows us to realise each side of the characters and their features. Because the Show is a Comedy drama we can tell that Jessica Barden has both a funny side but also a serious side as she doesn’t like her family and wants to run away with her boyfriend, Alex Lawther.
  • 2. The End of the F***ing World uses many of the conventions in drama. Firstly, slow motion, its used in one of the first cuts at the beginning of the first episode to go along with music and to show dramatic effects, it also works well as this is when we are first introduced to James and how he thinks he may be a psychopath. There is also more dramatic effects as most slow motion is used during James’ narration of how he may think he’s a psychopath, we see him sitting by the table listening to music by himself, the camera slowly moves in, we also see someone losing their food and getting slapped in slow motion. This effect can make the audience feel as if James is thinking as this can show a dramatic effect. Furthermore, another use of slow motion is show right after we are introduced to the next main character Alyssa, we see her smash her phone on the floor then start to walk away, this is when the slow motion shows and takes effect as it can show us that she is breaking the rules and is ‘bad’. We also see a quick cut of slow motion on Alyssa's face, this allows us to see her emotions and how she is feeling and because the cut is also in slow motion it has more of an effect meaning that she isn't as happy as she wants to be. Furthermore, after a couple of cuts we then see Alyssa walk away and start to put a jacket on and leave. As this is in slow motion it has the effect that she is moving on and this is serious as the drama genre should be. Lastly, the most effective use of slow motion was at the end of the episode, this was then they both decided to run away. This part was the most effective use of slow motion as it shows these two people breaking the rules, also we see James punch his dad and because it's in slow motion we can tell it is meaningful and shows dramatic effect. In the conventions for drama are freeze-frames. During the episode we don't really have any freeze-frames but instead there are moments where the character would stand still in the shot as narration is played during the shot, this is used at the start of the show when we are introduced to each character, but apart from these moments we don't have other shots. The freeze-frames are effective as we can see the emotions of each character and in drama type shows this is useful as many of the character we are shown in other drama shows aren't always happy just like the characters in this show, The End of the F***ing World. Relationships take a big part in the TV Drama world, it important for characters to have a relationship as this is what builds the tension between each person and what creates the drama aspect of the show. Relationships can be within friendship,
  • 3. romantic relationships, or family. During the first episode of The End of the F***ing World we start to learn the relationships within each character. Firstly, James and Alyssa didn’t really know each other until they started to date, during the dating stage we started to learn that James doesn’t really love Alyssa and is just doing this to get close to her until he can kill her. However, Alyssa is the opposite, as she doesn’t really get along with her family she wants someone to take care of her or ‘Love Her’, This is where James came in. During the first episode there isn't really and friendship as we are only seeing these two characters but near the end of the episode we can see that they start to get along more and their relationship starts to work out. Furthermore, family during the first episode of the show is viewed as being the bad ones, both James and Alyssa don't like their parents so they run away, we know this by each character’s expression towards them. The relationship with the family members of Alyssa seem to be happy and joyful as they have now got twins, compared to Alyssa who doesn't like her new step dad. However, James’ mum moved away to Thailand and is left with just his dad who seems to be quite annoying, but also joyful towards Alex. Some of the audience will be able to relate to the character as they are also everyday people who are living their life, this could be the adults relating to the parents with children who may be hard to deal with, or teens who can relate to James or Alyssa. As people can relate to the characters, the show is easily seen as a drama, this is because dramas can be shows which can relate to everyday situations which may happen to its audience. However, the first episode doesn't fully cover both relationships between each character with them and their families, we are also introduced to other characters too, this is later in the season. Furthermore, another key convention in TV drama is verisimilitude, this is when a programme or film uses things which can relate to our real lives in order to create a believable world, so it appears to be real for its audience. The End of the F***ing World does well to reflect our reality on how and where the show is based. We can clearly see that the show is set and based in the same reality as what we live in, the show is based in England and uses the aspect which how we may know England, this may include the restaurant, cars, or language which the character’s use. People can relate to how the characters speak and how they were brought up. Also some locations may be familiar to its audience as we find out the show is based in south England. Furthermore, the show
  • 4. can also be relatable as we see both James and Alyssa go to school. This give the audience the impression to start believing the show is based in real life and in the world we are living in. One other convention used in TV Drama is that they would often cover up social issues that may be affecting society at the time, allowing the audience to then again relate to the show and feel as it is happening in the real world. Also, depending on the specific issue being covered, it may also make the audience cafe for the specific person or character more. We don't really see any example in the first episode but through the serious we start to see other issues which people can relate to. Through the first episode we come across many issues in society which are affecting people all ages. Firstly, when we are introduced to Alyssa we see her get a message from her friends who are all using their phones at the table, she then realises this is enough and then smashes her phone, this shows that technology is taking over people's lives, we are then introduced to the fact that James also doesn't like phones or technology. As technology is taking over people lives its making people less interactive as we see at the table with all of Alyssa’s friends, they are also oblivious to that fact one of the friends has messaged about Alyssa while she is sitting right opposite her. Another issue in society is Divorce, we see that both James and Alyssa have had their parent’s divorces as James’ mum now lives in Thailand and when James and Alyssa sit on the bench outside we can see it brings memories back for James as a kid. Furthermore, Alyssa’s dad has also moved away because of a divorce and hasn't seen Alyssa since, she gets a card from her very year but it still shows how her father is missing from her life. This can then relate to the audience as many people get divorces nowadays. The narration is the way in which the storyline is portrayed, whereas the storyline just means the plot. Narration can be arranged in linear, meaning events will be shown in chronological order or non-linear, which is the opposite and means events can be shown in non-chronological order. However, The End Of The F***ing World is, in fact, a Linear programme meaning everything is in chronological order, We know this as all events through the show are in order, however, some parts to go back such as some flashbacks or when we are introduced to Alyssa. We see the moment they meet twice as we watch Alyssa’s story and how she met James. Having this small part of Non-linear in the show helps the audience become introduced to its characters, but after we are introduced the storyline stays linear. Narration can also mean that the story could be open-ended, or close-ended, this means that the episode may end on what is called a cliff-hanger. If the story is open- ended at the end of the episode we will see that the storyline is incomplete, this will
  • 5. then mean the audience will need to watch the next episode to know the rest of the story. Furthermore, a close-ended show means that the storyline has been completed at the end of the episode and nothing has to be answered. At the end of The End Of The F***ing World, we see both Alyssa and James drive off in James’ dad’s car, we don't know what happens next, this is called a cliff-hanger and the story has been left open-ended, this makes the audience need to watch the next episode. Not only was it left on a cliff-hanger but also gave a shock to its audience as young kids just ran off and people don't know where they are going to next. As this series was all aired at once its viewers didn't have to worry about what will happen next as they can just watch the show straight away, but with other shows people need to wait around a week, this can build tension as the audience are curious with what can happen next episode. A media narrative can be either single-stranded or multi-stranded, this means it could have either one or more storylines. The End Of The F***ing World is a multi- stranded programme as multiple stories take place during the show. Firstly, in episode one we have the storyline of Alyssa and her family, in this storyline, we learn how Alyssa doesn't like her new stepdad who has just had twins with her mum, she also misses her real dad who sends her cards every year. Alyssa is now living in a dream house with a big garden but doesn't like this life as she hates her parents. Another storyline is about James and his family, this is similar to Alyssa as James also misses a family member e.g. his mum and doesn't like his dad as he is annoying. Both storylines are very similar and that what brings these two characters together as they are so alike. However, both Storylines are quite short as Alyssa and James run away together at the end of the first episode, We are also introduced to other storylines through the season as investigations start to find James and Alyssa. Both storylines are shown on screen around for around the same length as the first episode is giving us a little backstory about the characters and their families. The End Of The F***ing World uses a lot of narration throughout the first episode, this helps us understand the plot and what the characters are feeling without saying it in person, it is like they are talking to us as an audience to make us feel as we are there with them. Furthermore, the show is also done in parts, for example, the first episode consists of both part 1 and part 2, this could be like chapters in a story as each part may have its own little storyline to go along with it. For example, part one was us being introduced to the characters and part 2 was the start of both James’ and Alyssa’s relationship and how they want to run away. There are several different narration theorists who believe that their theory is appropriate and is able to be applied to all narratives, this could be in a film book and
  • 6. television programme, I will talk about these theories and apply them to The End Of The F***ing World. Firstly, Roland Barthes (1915-1980) suggested that narrative works with 5 different codes, these activate the reader or watcher in this purpose, to make sense of it. The most popular code out of the 5 codes was the ‘enigma code’, this code works to keep setting up little puzzles to be solved before the story's ending, this can also delay its ending. This code allows the audience to piece together small parts and keep the audience thinking what is going to happen next. This code is used in the show The End Of The F***ing World, it's presented in episode one. Through the episode we learn that James is a psychopath and is looking to kill his first victim, however, we do see small clips of James thinking what it would be like if he killed his girlfriend there and then, this then gives the audience a feeling when he is going to kill her. It keeps the audience wondering when it is going to happen or if it going to happen. This is probably one of the most important narrative theory as it's used today a lot in films TV shows and Books. Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009) is another narrative theorist who came up with the narrative theory which argued that a permanent structure of all meaning-making, not just narratives, was dependant on conflicts between two elements, good and bad. Usually through TV programmes, Films or Books, one is more valued than the other. At The End Of The F***ing World, we have a mixture of both good and bad but the more valued is bad, this is because from the two main characters Alyssa and James, we learn that they are not the nicest people and are not always good people. For example, Alyssa would often talk rude to her stepdad and her mum, and James would ignore his dad and is known for not having a sense of humour. We also see that James has killed animals and is known for being a Psychopath. However, we can refer back to the two as a couple with one being bad and one being good. As James wants to kill Alyssa he may be portrayed as the bad character and Alyssa as the good as she is innocent and unaware of James’ intentions. Thirdly, another Narrative theorist is Vladimir Propp, Vladimir Propp Argued in the 1920’s that whatever the surfaces differences of a story, it was always possible to group its characters and actions in all different
  • 7. roles, this could include the doctor, hero, villain princess, detective, Etc. All these characters would then help move the story along in Propps eyes. However, The End Of The F***ing World doesn't really abide by this Theory and no real character is used, There are detectives in the show but this is later in other episodes and does not occur for episode 1. The show The End Of The F***ing World really only has a villain, being James who wants to kill a human, There is no real human as no one is trying to help James stop from what he is doing as no one known what his real intentions are with his Girlfriend. Furthermore, throughout the series, the characters start to fill up and we start to learn the roles of each character and who is the hero. Lastly out of the theories is Tzvetan Todorov, He argued that all stories begin with an equilibrium, meaning there is a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces. When can then get distributed by an open balance, which then can set off a motion of events, which leads to the story ending with a second (But Different) equilibrium. For example, Todorov's theory is explaining how a story can start off with everything going normally as per usual, but then something happens which is a disruption, this then gets followed up by the recognition as people realize something has gone wrong, then people fix the disruption. A new equilibrium is then set. In the first episode of The End Of The F***ing World, we don't see any real equilibrium but as I've seen the whole series it all links to one massive equilibrium, this is from each episode and how we learn something new. Furthermore, in the first episode, we learn how both James and Alyssa want to run away and they end up doing this, this is the first part of the equilibrium as after everything is going normal something happened with these two running away, this is known as the disruption in the series. In later episodes the family start to realize they have run away, this is the realization, and so on through the series, they start to fix up the equilibrium which ends up becoming a new equilibrium. However, during the series, we are also introduced to another equilibrium, but this would give too many spoilers away. Whenever watching a Television Drama, they always typically hide a deeper message in its story, this would then make the audience concentrate more and think about the show while watching an episode, this can also get them deeper in the main story and the characters of the show. At The End Of The F***ing World, there are actually many different messages that are portrayed over the course of the eight- episode show. A big message that came out of this show, is the very clear message about sexual assault and consent. After Alyssa walks in on James getting assaulted in the bathroom by the man giving them a ride, she defends him and later has a talk with James. This was later in another episode but relates to the topic around the messages of the show.
  • 8. In episode one we can tell that the message is around two children, James and Alyssa. When we are first introduced to Alyssa, she’s the new girl at school who wants to fit with the popular kids. One of the first scenes she’s in, she’s sitting at a lunch table with the “popular” girls, all of which are not talking to each other, but texting instead. She eventually receives a message from a girl sitting right next to her and becomes so angry that she smashes her own phone to the ground for no reason, as mentioned previously. She leaves the table and walks over to James, who she then confronts with an insult, and the start of a weird relationship between the two of them is born. This scene itself shows the virtual world that most of us have resorted to, and the interference of this world with reality and the intimate bonds we form with other people. James says he doesn’t have a phone either and Alyssa is intrigued by his apparent weirdness. We also learn through the first episode of the show that James thinks that he is a psychopath and wants to kill a human, this can also relate to the message of the show as its one of the main plots of the series. Furthermore, another message that is quite hidden and if you stick with the series long enough you will start to understand that both James and Alyssa are just two scared children who don't know what to do with their lives. It's about how both of these Kids want to make their own life choices and what they want to be. A lot of things seem like they are when we are trying to figure out things for ourselves. Some may even say this story is actually a love story, but not your traditional love story. One small scene in task one shows a small message which as a big meaning in nowadays culture. When James and Alyssa are sitting with James’ dad, we hear the dad say, “and though he was gay”, this must have triggered Alyssa as she responds with “we live in a really broad spectrum these days”, this shows us that this message is referring that people can be whatever sexuality they want these days and anyone show be accepted. Furthermore, Alyssa also talks about how she could be gay and James could be asexual. The End Of The F***ing World never aired on National Television, it was all brought out at once on demand to allow its audience o binge-watch as soon as it came out. The series is also available on Netflix but is a channel 4 series. Netflix had to pay channel 4 its rights to air the series on its platform. Channel 4 is the second public broadcaster behind BBC. Channel 4 was first founded in 1982 and is known for its edge and weird programmes to be aired on its channels. For example, shows like fresh meat and Big Fat Gypsy Weddings have been broadcasted on Channel 4. Channel 4’s main target audience is the normal family which consists of 2 parents
  • 9. with at least one child, back in 200 they release the series of big brother which was completely different to any other shows broadcasted on TV at the time. The Programme on Channel 4 can relate to its audience in many ways. The End Of The F***ing World Does this as it shows middle class or upper-class family and how they live their lives. This shows that the audience is able to relate to its audience while watching the Programme on Channel 4 on demand or Netflix. The audience can also relate to the issues going on in the show as some of these issues relate to the real world. People can also spot themselves in similar situations in which the characters in the show are put in. Firstly, in episode one, we have introduced to James and Alyssa and their families, we are able to tell how each of the families is living based on their houses and their clothing. With James he has quite a big house but not up to the best quality, this could mean his family may be middle class, the audience is able to relate to this as middle- class families may be watching the show. Alyssa is shown to be living in a more upper-class house with an upper-class family considering how they are dressed. Alyssa’s mum would often speak posh too, giving the sense that they have quite a bit of money. The audience can also relate to Alyssa’s family too as upper-class families may also be watching the show too. The audience is most likely going to be able to relate to the character in The End Of The F***ing World as people who watch the show are most likely going to be teens, as they would want to watch the show as they may have watched the trailer. Teens are going to be able to relate to both James and Alyssa during the show as the audience would most likely also be going to school and are sick of doing all the old boring stuff. However, adults are also going to be able to relate to the show as they want to know what will happen to the children and their parents as they may want to know what it is like to have their child run away from home. Parents are most likely to feel sorry for the parents as they must know what it is like for their child to run away from home. The main target audience for The End Of The F***ing World are teenagers at the age of around 16 and above, I say this because the two main characters in the show are 17 years old and would make sense for its target audience to be around the same age as these characters. Having characters in a show at an age of 17 allows its target audience to relate to a lot of the things which can happen in the show, it can also teach its audience new thing which they may not have known before either. The End Of The F***ing World can also attract other audiences who want to live free
  • 10. and have fun, they may be able to relate to the show as James and Alyssa run off on their own. The target audience is most likely to also be both male and female viewers, as both main characters are a mixture of both, this can bring many other viewers to watch the show as people want a mixture of both genres. The audience is most likely going to be from England as they can relate to the locations used in the show and the schools, also can bring a number of different people to watch as both James and Alyssa are at school. This could mean that the majority of the audience for The End Of The F***ing World could be people who have the occupation of going to school or at college. As The End Of The F***ing World tackles some social issues which people may be able to relate to, this may help them understand what is ok and what is not. For example, later in the series, we are introduced to a sexual assault, the audience may be able to relate to this and help them speak out about what may have happened to them. In the first episode of The End Of The F***ing World, the show may have a great impact on its audience as they may also question themselves on how people always use technology today and no one really pays attention to others. Furthermore, the audience may feel impacted as some of the characters can affect the audience in ways which may make them feel scared of kids who may feel as they want to kill someone, such as, James wants to do to Alyssa. The audience is most likely going to feel sorry for the parents in the first episode of the show as the audience also may have kids and would never want them to run away. The End Of The F***ing World can easily affect the audience as many of the social issues shown in the show can be happening in the real world and the audience would be able to relate to these issues, this can also help them realize how to react to these issues and how to approach them. The show is likely to have such an impact on its audience because of the verisimilitude in the programme, this would mean that the audience is most likely going to believe it, and therefore relate to what is happening. Stanley Cohen’s Moral Panics theory (1972) is when a message is usually given out via a Television programme, or movie and is overreacted, and then has a large effect on its audience and creates moral panic between the public and the audience of the show. Moral Panics can link to TV nowadays as many messages are given out and then over exaggerated in the real world. People would often think something is as bad as it seems. The message would often create fear with the public, but would often make people easy to control, as they are affected by these messages. Usually, the message that is overreacted would be
  • 11. against a group of people and therefore make the public turn against that specific group of people. In The End Of The F***ing World moral panic was created and turned the audience against teens around the age of 17. The show created panic because it would make the audience feel that all teens may be psychopaths and want to kill animals or people. Also, the show would make its audience feel as all teens don't like their families and want to run away with someone. However, the parents who watch the show may feel as their child could be a killer or hate everything as the show emphasizes the message of a normal teenager to be a psychopath, this then would turn many people against teenagers who were actually just average people and not psychopaths. Blumler and Katz Uses and Gratification theory (1974) claims that the audience chooses a type of media to consume to fill their needs, the needs include, diversion, personal relationship, personal identity, and surveillance. Firstly, some audience member chose to watch The End Of The F***ing World for diversion, this is when an audience member watches a certain show or movie to escape their everyday routine, it allows them to escape into a new world such as the show they are watching. The End Of The F***ing World can allow the viewers to see and feel what it's like to run away from home. As me being that age once before, I can relate to how the characters are feeling as many teens would want to run away at times, the show allows people to see what it would really be like if they ran away. For example, a teenager may watch this show instead of doing work or be revising as they may want to know what it's like to run away from home and school and live their own life by their own rules. The audience also may watch The End Of The F***ing World for personal relationships in the programme. Furthermore, one of the main point in the show is both James and Alyssa being in a relationship, for example, someone would watch The End Of The F***ing World to find out what it's like to be in a relationship or if someone is lonely with their personal life, they may watch the show for the personal relationships with the characters families or the relationship between James and Alyssa. The
  • 12. audience may also be able to relate to the personal relationships too as they also may be teens around the same age who want a relationship. In addition, Personal identity is another need that the audience may choose to watch The End Of The F***ing World for. This may be because the show shows a wide range of different characters with different personalities, this could be with James’ family or Alyssa’s family. It gives the audience a choice to see which character they may relate to the most and if another audience member can relate to a character they may get stuck to the show and want to watch more as they feel as they are part of the show completely. For example, an audience member may be able to relate to James’ dad as he is a single parent, this can also help teach a single parent how to be a better one or how to act like one. Furthermore, another example is Alyssa, people may be able to relate to Alyssa as being a teenager who is done with their parents and just wants someone to care for them. People can also relate to Alyssa’s parents as they are living an ordinary life with new babies and an older teenage daughter. Watching character that relates to yourself and can be good as you can find out new qualities about yourself and even learn how to be a better person in ways which the characters on The End Of The F***ing World may show. Lastly, Surveillance is used on TV as people want to feel safe or to know what is going on in the world. TV show this through Sky News or other News channels. People would watch these channels on TV to fulfil their needs on knowing what is going on in the world at the time. People also want to learn about new things. In The End Of The F***ing World surveillance can be used towards the audience to help their children to stop running away or to see the signs which your child may think about running away. Furthermore, another example of surveillance may be that people would watch The End Of The F***ing World to see how to find out if their child is a psychopath and what signs the parents should look out for. However, audience members may watch the show to learn new qualities the characters both James and Alyssa learned while they ran away. People would often watch shows for surveillance to see how they can fix a problem and how to deal with them, also to see what that characters in the show done to change the problem. In my opinion, I feel that I relate to Diversion the most in The End Of The F***ing World, I feel this because I would often want to know what it may be like to run away from home and school and to live my life how I would like it. Diversion gives me the sense of how I can live by my own rules and where I can go if I ran away from home. I wouldn't need to actually run away from home as the show does that for me and allows me to join in on the ride and feel as I am with both James and Alyssa running away from everything. Hall's Encoding/Decoding theory (1973) tells us that the audience will have one of three different readings once they have consumed a media text. This can be either Preferred, oppositional or negotiated.
  • 13. Firstly, Preferred, some audience members may have a preferred reading over The End Of The F***ing World, this means that they agree with the message of the story. With The End Of The F***ing World, the message would be around both Alyssa and James and how they want to be free and live their own life how they want to live it. However, others may disagree with the message and are not a preferred viewer. If you disagree with the message given in the show you would be an oppositional viewer. This could be because you simply don't think that you should run away from home, you should stay in education and make sure you grow up in the right manner. People may think that if you run away from home your life could be ruined as you have nowhere to go and you won't be able to survive from long. The audience may not even want to believe the story of the show as they disagree with it. Lastly, negotiated is another way which the audience may feel about watching the show, this is when the audience may be in the middle, they can't decide if the message is good or bad. In my opinion, I feel that this is where I stand, I would like to know what it is like to run away and I feel it can be good to start fresh from everything. However, it would also be bad as both James and Alyssa have not finished education and they have nowhere to even go.