The document discusses the 2009 swine flu pandemic. It describes the two main types of swine flu viruses, H1N1 and H3N2, which infect pigs, birds, and humans. The new H1N1 strain from 2009 contained genes from human, avian, and swine influenza viruses and was able to spread rapidly between people. The document also notes that there was an outbreak of a similar H1N1 virus in 1998, suggesting health officials could have better prepared for the 2009 pandemic. It provides recounts from people of different ages who experienced illness from the 2009 swine flu virus.
Personal protective actions you can take in a flu pandemicsanjaykumar3332
IF COVID-19 is spreading in your community, stay safe by taking some simple precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing a mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning your hands, and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue. Check local advice where you live and work. Do it all!
Symptoms of the West Nile Disease and how to prevent it? – Goodknight Blogsbrandsrepellentstop
What is this new West Nile Diseases? This is mostly spreading through mosquitoes in Europe, Asia, and Africa. This disease epidemic viruses spread by mosquito bites that are happening more often in India. Here we have shared facts and preventive measures West Nile Disease. Visit here to know more!
Personal protective actions you can take in a flu pandemicsanjaykumar3332
IF COVID-19 is spreading in your community, stay safe by taking some simple precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing a mask, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning your hands, and coughing into a bent elbow or tissue. Check local advice where you live and work. Do it all!
Symptoms of the West Nile Disease and how to prevent it? – Goodknight Blogsbrandsrepellentstop
What is this new West Nile Diseases? This is mostly spreading through mosquitoes in Europe, Asia, and Africa. This disease epidemic viruses spread by mosquito bites that are happening more often in India. Here we have shared facts and preventive measures West Nile Disease. Visit here to know more!
case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Microbiolog.pdfarihantplastictanksh
case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Microbiology student\'s story from her
point of view and in her own words. Some words were changed to aid in understanding, but the
context was not changed. This is an actual illness that happened to me whenIwas 18 years old
lving in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa. Here is some background
information tounderstand our living situation: My family and moved to the city as displaced
refugees due to several rebel attacks in my home town during the war. We rented afour bedroom
apartment for a family of over fifteen and shared two pot- hole toilets with over seventy people.
The house llved in was on top of asteep hilandat the bottom of the hill was a runni down the hill,
but ng stream of water where people in the neighborhood did laundry,inever went there were
many monitor lizards by the stream that would come up the hill sunny days to bask on the rocks.
My family and lused to dry our clothes on the rocks after washing them. My cook helped with
the laundry and a few times, my older sister bought snail meat from the market to because it was
cheap and I helped her prepare the food. on the last day of school holiday, had a sight headache
way home. When got home my mum gave me Tylenol (500mg) and I went to bed, but headache
did not stop That evening had a slight fever and some body aches. The headache continued and
was constant, with high fevers in the evenings and nights, and accompanied by chills. I have a
brother who is a doctor and was working in a private hospital. After a week of constant
headaches, and fevers my brother didamala test which was positive. I was gven since symptoms
got worse even after reatment for malaria, I was vomiting a lot, anemic, had abdominal pain.
received a blood transtusion with was very weak, could not walk and was dizzy all the time. One
day, was unconscious for a couple of hours and my family thought Iwas dying. This was after
my My to a stool found out another parastic disease along with malaria. I was given Braziguantel
for a day and after a days was feeling better and back my feet.ido not remember the exact three
months, submitted another stool sample for testing and it was negative.I was free from the
second parasite. Below is a picture of the eggs that the doctor would have seen upon microscopic
examination of the patient\'s stool. Distribution of this parasite is throughout Africa, but can also
be foundins America, the Caribbean, and Puerto Rico. what are the possible diagnoses for this
patient? What are your clues? What is the most likely diagnosis? Why? What are the sens and
symptoms? How is this disease transmitted? What are the causal agents? Which species s most
likely the causal agent in this case? wtyr what is the causal agent of malarla? what is the vector?
of the pathogen that causes this parastic disease? What is the classification the pathogen that
causes malaria? what is the classatication of the vector for malaria?
Solutio.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1 virus and pig flu, is fast spreading and very infectious. A lot of cases have been registered lately not only in India but all over the world and it is very important to be informed about this infection.
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Stereotypes Of Swine Flu Virus
Flu Virus Vaccines
Swine Flu and Efforts to Control It Essay
Swine Flu Personal Statement
Essay about Influenza Vaccines
Symptoms And Symptoms Of The Flu Virus
Influenza Research Paper
The Epidemic Of The Swine Flu
Pandemics In America Research Paper
Fighting the Swine Flu
Flu Virus Classification
Influenza And Pandemics
Influenza A H1N1 Virus
Taking a Look at African Swine Fever
Swine Influenza Virus
H1n1 Influenza Essay
A Case Study on Infectious Diseases
National Influenza Immunization Program
How Does Swine Flu Affect The Economy
Swine Flu Research Paper
case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Microbiolog.pdfarihantplastictanksh
case study of a female with a parasitic disease Here is a Microbiology student\'s story from her
point of view and in her own words. Some words were changed to aid in understanding, but the
context was not changed. This is an actual illness that happened to me whenIwas 18 years old
lving in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa. Here is some background
information tounderstand our living situation: My family and moved to the city as displaced
refugees due to several rebel attacks in my home town during the war. We rented afour bedroom
apartment for a family of over fifteen and shared two pot- hole toilets with over seventy people.
The house llved in was on top of asteep hilandat the bottom of the hill was a runni down the hill,
but ng stream of water where people in the neighborhood did laundry,inever went there were
many monitor lizards by the stream that would come up the hill sunny days to bask on the rocks.
My family and lused to dry our clothes on the rocks after washing them. My cook helped with
the laundry and a few times, my older sister bought snail meat from the market to because it was
cheap and I helped her prepare the food. on the last day of school holiday, had a sight headache
way home. When got home my mum gave me Tylenol (500mg) and I went to bed, but headache
did not stop That evening had a slight fever and some body aches. The headache continued and
was constant, with high fevers in the evenings and nights, and accompanied by chills. I have a
brother who is a doctor and was working in a private hospital. After a week of constant
headaches, and fevers my brother didamala test which was positive. I was gven since symptoms
got worse even after reatment for malaria, I was vomiting a lot, anemic, had abdominal pain.
received a blood transtusion with was very weak, could not walk and was dizzy all the time. One
day, was unconscious for a couple of hours and my family thought Iwas dying. This was after
my My to a stool found out another parastic disease along with malaria. I was given Braziguantel
for a day and after a days was feeling better and back my feet.ido not remember the exact three
months, submitted another stool sample for testing and it was negative.I was free from the
second parasite. Below is a picture of the eggs that the doctor would have seen upon microscopic
examination of the patient\'s stool. Distribution of this parasite is throughout Africa, but can also
be foundins America, the Caribbean, and Puerto Rico. what are the possible diagnoses for this
patient? What are your clues? What is the most likely diagnosis? Why? What are the sens and
symptoms? How is this disease transmitted? What are the causal agents? Which species s most
likely the causal agent in this case? wtyr what is the causal agent of malarla? what is the vector?
of the pathogen that causes this parastic disease? What is the classification the pathogen that
causes malaria? what is the classatication of the vector for malaria?
Solutio.
Swine flu, also known as H1N1 virus and pig flu, is fast spreading and very infectious. A lot of cases have been registered lately not only in India but all over the world and it is very important to be informed about this infection.
Hello friends i am BSc Nursing intern.This presentation of mine covers almost each and every aspect related to swine flu.Hope it will help you to increase your knowledge regarding the topic.Looking forward to your feedback.Thank you
Stereotypes Of Swine Flu Virus
Flu Virus Vaccines
Swine Flu and Efforts to Control It Essay
Swine Flu Personal Statement
Essay about Influenza Vaccines
Symptoms And Symptoms Of The Flu Virus
Influenza Research Paper
The Epidemic Of The Swine Flu
Pandemics In America Research Paper
Fighting the Swine Flu
Flu Virus Classification
Influenza And Pandemics
Influenza A H1N1 Virus
Taking a Look at African Swine Fever
Swine Influenza Virus
H1n1 Influenza Essay
A Case Study on Infectious Diseases
National Influenza Immunization Program
How Does Swine Flu Affect The Economy
Swine Flu Research Paper
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. Swine Flu Intro Swine Flu is 2009’s new pandemic of the world. It is not a pandemic because it is too severe, but because it can spread very fast from one person to another. There are two types of Swine flu. Swine flu A and C. Swine flu used to be very rare amongst people because only pigs used to get it but the new Swine flu C infects pigs and human. A worse fact is that Swine flu A infects birds, pigs and humans because they contain genes from all three beings.
3. Swine flu A As explained before, Swine flu A has genes from birds, pigs and humans. That is why birds, pigs and humans get Swine flu. Swine flu was preventable because Swine flu was active in 1998.
4. Swine flu C Swine flu C only infects humans and pigs, not birds. Swine flu isn’t as bad as Swine flu A but there was a small outbreak amongst the Japanese and Canadian children. No matter how severe, this cannot cause a pandemic between people.
5. Swine flu 1998 Were we warned? Were there traces of the same Swine flu in 1998? Scientists have found that we were warned at 1998 when there was traces of future pandemic. This could have been the same Swine flu in 1998. Which means that we could have prepared for this pandemic this year by making antibiotics or medicine for this. It might just be that the people who have to care of diseases just didn’t take this Swine flu so seriously.
6. Cure for Swine flu Swine flu cures have been found . The medical society still do not hand this drugs out until a person is totally infected. This drug is called tamiflu (oseltamivir) andRelenza (zanamivir). We also need to take vitamins and natural antimicrobial agent food supplements to boost our immune system to prevent this flu. Scientists have piled lots of Swine flu drugs but do not know how much will fully cure Swine flu.
7. Recount from an old person (61) I was in bed when my grandson was coughing very badly. He said he had a headache. I thought it was a bad cold and went back to sleep. I didn’t know it was the start of a big pandemic. I woke up the next morning and saw my grandson was fine. Yes he was not sick so I thought it was good. Well, he went to school and came back normally. When he came back he had fever. He said it was because he ran around like usual and shook hands with everybody. I never thought it would turn into a bad flu. The next day, my grandson was very very sick. He had a sore throat and fever. I never knew it was the Swine flu until we went to Quarantine. Everyone had Swine flu. It was because my grandson had interacted with everyone. This was bad. It had become a Pandemic. A few days later my grandson was dead. His parents were dead to. Even I had the Swine flu. I was in Quarantine. My estimated life was a day. Today was practically my last day alive…
8. Recount from adult (37) A new pandemic? Sure. Swine flu wouldn’t reach Australia! I thought of nothing when it was on news last night. Today, I didn’t feel well. I had to go a long way away because of work. We went to New Zealand. People didn’t have much Swine flu in New Zealand either. So I got to work quickly to get back home. I got home with a bad cough. I had a bad headache too. I went back home and slept thinking of nothing. The next day I went to the doctor. He said I had Swine flu. I couldn’t believe it. I had to go home and stay home. I felt really sick. I thought I would die. The next day, I felt better. But I had to stay for one week at home. But I was sure to survive the Swine flu! Now I am immune!
9. Recount of child (3) What was all this about? I stayed with Granny because my mum and dad went somewhere else. I went outside to play but granny called me back. I had to stay home for one week. I didn’t even go to kindergarden! Every time I sneezed or coughed, granny woud put something on my hands called hand sanitiser. I heard the other day that mum and dad was sick. I cryed that day because I was sed but a week later mum and dad came back. I was happy. I was told that there was a flu called the Swine flu. That was wy granny kept me back from going outside! Luckily I can go back to kindergarden! (There are some spelling mistakes)
13. Swine flu action plan If someone in your house is sick and have the symptoms of Swine flu, call the doctor first before going to the hospital. Doctors have to get ready for a infected patient. If the person is a child, make him/her stay home for one week at least and contact the doctor. Do not make too much contact with the sick person.
14. Venn diagram Planning Differences 1998 Swine flu 2009 Swine flu - Swine flu was a big outbreak - Wasn’t prepared - Severe sickness and even death
15. Timeline planning Put all info in powerpoint Gather bibliography Write fake witness’ stories Researchdrugs for Swine flu ResearchSwine Flu Write plannings
16. Section Plannings Writing witness’ recounts. Researching about the 1998 Swine flu. Researching about Swine Influenza A and C. Gathering bibliography websites. Researching about Swine flu cure. Write Plannings. Making a Swine flu Scene model. Finding out the deaths and sicknesses in other countries. Writing an action plan for Swine flu.