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End User 使用 Multihoming、Load-
                               balance、Load-sharing 之建議方式




                                                數位聯合電信股份有限公司
                                                通訊網路部
                                                許至凱(kae@du.net.tw)
1




                             Agenda
    http://www.seed.net.tw




                              前言
                              傳統線路備援與分流方式
                                Leased Line
                                ISDN
                              新一代傳輸方式供裝後的改變
                                ADSL
                                FTTX
                              更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式
                              問題與討論




2




                                                                     1
http://www.seed.net.tw   前言

                             What is “end user”?
                               與ISP交換之流量皆與自身相關(Web/Mail/FTP server,
                               Office),並無向第三者提供transit服務。
                             Load-balance? Load-sharing?
                               在眾多networking paper中似乎都有人使用。
                               Load-balance:balance on server。
                               Load-sharing:balance on circuit。
                             常見的Load-balance架構




                                                L4 switch


3




                             傳統線路備援與分流方式
    http://www.seed.net.tw




                             傳統線路之備援方式
                               過去使用專線時,ISDN是最常使用的備援方式。


                                        IGP-primary

                                                      Leased Line    Defa
                                  ISP                                     ult   route

                                                                                   End user
                                                        ISDN

                               專線斷線時用使用ISDN備援。



                                                        Leased Line
                                  ISP
                                                        X
                                        IGP-primary                                End user
                                                        ISDN    Defa
                                                                     ult   route
4




                                                                                              2
http://www.seed.net.tw   傳統線路備援與分流方式

                             傳統線路之備援方式(cont.)
                              ISDN容量不夠時只能使用專線備援。

                                     IGP-primary

                                                     Leased
                                                      Line              Def
                               ISP                                         ault
                                                                                  rou
                                                                                      te
                                                   Leased
                                                    Line
                                                                                  End user

                             傳統線路之分流方式
                              可設定成兩路電路同時使用。

                                     IGP-primary

                                                     Leased
                                                      Line              Defa
                               ISP                                           ult r
                                                                                   oute
                                                   Leased
                                                    Line
                                                              Def               End user
5                                                                ault
                                                                        rout
                                                                            e




                             傳統線路備援與分流方式
    http://www.seed.net.tw




                             傳統線路之分流方式(cont.)
                              若需要更完備的備援與分流功能,則除了要考慮電路的備援外,
                              亦需要考量到兩端設備的備援。
                                     IGP-primary

                                                     Leased
                                                      Line        Def
                               ISP                                   ault
                                                                            rou
                                                                                te
                                                                                  End user
                                                   Leased
                                     IGP-primary    Line         Default route



                                     IGP-primary                 Default route



                               ISP                                  active
                                                                                           HSRP/VRRP   End user


                                     IGP-primary                   standby
6




                                                                                                                  3
http://www.seed.net.tw    傳統線路備援與分流方式

                                 傳統線路之分流方式(cont.)
                                        若還要考慮到ISP的備援,則使用BGP Multihoming就變成了唯
                                        一的選擇,end user需要有自己的IP block。


                                                   AS100
                                             172.20.0.0/20              BGP-primary

                                             BGP-primary       ISP1 AS100                               BG
                                                                                            BGP              P ro
                                                                                                                 ute
                                                                                                                                AS64512
                                                        BGP
                                                                                                                            172.20.0.0/20
                               Internet                                                                                End user

                                                         BGP                                                  ute
                                                                                                          P ro
                                                                                                        BG
                                                               ISP2 AS200                   BGP
                                             BGP-primary

                                                  AS200                 BGP-primary
                                            172.20.0.0/20



7




                              傳統線路備援與分流方式
    http://www.seed.net.tw




                                 傳統線路之分流方式(cont.)
                                        若還要考慮到ISP的備援,則使用BGP Multihoming就變成了唯
                                        一的選擇,end user需要有自己的IP block。


                                               AS100
                                                                                            BGP route
                                         172.20.0.0/20               BGP-primary
                                                                                             active
                                        BGP-primary       ISP1 AS100
                                                                                      BGP
                                                BGP

                             Internet                                                             BGP              End user
                                                                                                                           AS64512
                                                 BGP                                                                   172.20.0.0/20
                                                          ISP2 AS200                  BGP
                                        BGP-primary

                                                                     BGP-primary            standby
                                              AS200
                                                                                            BGP route
                                        172.20.0.0/20



8




                                                                                                                                            4
http://www.seed.net.tw   新一代線路備援與分流方式

                              新一代線路之備援方式
                               ADSL流行之後,ISDN備援已漸被ADSL所取代。

                                      IGP-primary

                                                      Leased    Def
                                                       Line        ault
                                ISP                                       rout
                                      IGP-backup                              e

                                                                              End user
                                                      ADSL



                               專線斷線時,可自動切換至備援ADSL線路。


                                                      Leased
                                ISP   IGP-backup      XLine

                                                                              End user
                                                      ADSL
9                                                               Default route




                              新一代線路備援與分流方式
     http://www.seed.net.tw




                              新一代線路之備援方式
                               End user依其使用模式的不同,漸漸放棄使用專線,改用固定制
                               ADSL或FTTX。
                                      IGP-primary


                                                    FTTX/ADSL   Def
                                                                   ault
                                ISP                                       rout
                                      IGP-backup                              e

                                                                              End user
                                                      ADSL

                               ADSL/FTTX斷線卻不會使得router port down的特性,使得傳
                               統備援方式受到挑戰。
                                                                 UP/UP
                                      IGP-primary


                                                    FTTX/ADSL   Def
                                ISP   IGP-backup      X            ault
                                                                          rout
                                                                              e

10                                                                            End user
                                                      ADSL




                                                                                         5
http://www.seed.net.tw   新一代線路備援與分流方式

                               ADSL/FTTX斷線時流量切換方式
                                 使用dynamic routing protocol。

                                                                 UP/UP




                                                    FTTX/ADSL
                                 ISP   IGP-backup     X
                                                                           End user
                                                      ADSL
                                                                Default route




                                 某些供應商已有提供新功能解決,如Cisco的“Reliable
                                 Static Routing Backup”。
                                 某些IP分享器可以偵測uplink狀況(ex. ping gateway)來決
                                 定是否要使用或排除該uplink線路。
11




                              更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式
     http://www.seed.net.tw




                               過去需要Multihoming時,使用BGP與自有IP blocks是必
                               要的
                                 在非ISP環境中使用BGP的時機普遍較少,一般網管工程師較難熟
                                 悉BGP的使用。
                                 申請自有IP blocks的門檻?
                                 以上因素導致使用Multihoming客戶不多。
                               運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的
                               彈性
                                 不使用BGP protocol,使用自有IP blocks。
                                 使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。
                                 不使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。




12




                                                                                      6
http://www.seed.net.tw   更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式

                               運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的
                               彈性
                                    不使用BGP protocol,使用自有IP blocks。


                                             AS100                        IGP-primary
                                172.20.0.0/20(aggre)                                    172.20.0.0/21
                                                             ISP1 AS100
                                      172.20.0.0/21
                                                       BGP-primary                                                  172.20.0.0/20

                                                                                                                    End user
                               Internet


                                                       BGP-primary
                                             AS200
                                172.20.0.0/20(aggre)         ISP2 AS200                 172.20.8.0/21
                                      172.20.8.0/21
                                                                          IGP-primary


13




                              更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式
     http://www.seed.net.tw




                               運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的
                               彈性
                                    使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。


                                                                          IGP-primary
                                             AS100                                      172.20.0.0/20
                                                             ISP1 AS100
                                      172.20.0.0/16
                                                                                                                    172.20.0.0/20
                                                       BGP-primary

                                                                                                                    End user
                               Internet

                                                                                                            AS64512
                                                        BGP-primary                                     172.20.8.0/21
                                             AS200
                                172.20.0.0/20(aggre)         ISP2 AS200
                                      172.20.8.0/21
                                                                      BGP-primary


14




                                                                                                                                    7
http://www.seed.net.tw   更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式

                               運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的
                               彈性
                                    不使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。


                                                                          IGP-primary
                                             AS100                                      172.20.0.0/20
                                                             ISP1 AS100
                                      172.20.0.0/16
                                                       BGP-primary                                       172.20.0.0/20

                                                                                                         End user
                               Internet


                                                       BGP-primary
                                             AS200
                                172.20.0.0/20(aggre)         ISP2 AS200                  172.20.8.0/21

                                      172.20.8.0/21
                                                                          IGP-primary


15




                              問題與討論
     http://www.seed.net.tw




                               問題?




16




                                                                                                                         8

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Suggestions for end users to deploy multihoming, load-balance and load-sharing

  • 1. End User 使用 Multihoming、Load- balance、Load-sharing 之建議方式 數位聯合電信股份有限公司 通訊網路部 許至凱(kae@du.net.tw) 1 Agenda http://www.seed.net.tw 前言 傳統線路備援與分流方式 Leased Line ISDN 新一代傳輸方式供裝後的改變 ADSL FTTX 更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式 問題與討論 2 1
  • 2. http://www.seed.net.tw 前言 What is “end user”? 與ISP交換之流量皆與自身相關(Web/Mail/FTP server, Office),並無向第三者提供transit服務。 Load-balance? Load-sharing? 在眾多networking paper中似乎都有人使用。 Load-balance:balance on server。 Load-sharing:balance on circuit。 常見的Load-balance架構 L4 switch 3 傳統線路備援與分流方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 傳統線路之備援方式 過去使用專線時,ISDN是最常使用的備援方式。 IGP-primary Leased Line Defa ISP ult route End user ISDN 專線斷線時用使用ISDN備援。 Leased Line ISP X IGP-primary End user ISDN Defa ult route 4 2
  • 3. http://www.seed.net.tw 傳統線路備援與分流方式 傳統線路之備援方式(cont.) ISDN容量不夠時只能使用專線備援。 IGP-primary Leased Line Def ISP ault rou te Leased Line End user 傳統線路之分流方式 可設定成兩路電路同時使用。 IGP-primary Leased Line Defa ISP ult r oute Leased Line Def End user 5 ault rout e 傳統線路備援與分流方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 傳統線路之分流方式(cont.) 若需要更完備的備援與分流功能,則除了要考慮電路的備援外, 亦需要考量到兩端設備的備援。 IGP-primary Leased Line Def ISP ault rou te End user Leased IGP-primary Line Default route IGP-primary Default route ISP active HSRP/VRRP End user IGP-primary standby 6 3
  • 4. http://www.seed.net.tw 傳統線路備援與分流方式 傳統線路之分流方式(cont.) 若還要考慮到ISP的備援,則使用BGP Multihoming就變成了唯 一的選擇,end user需要有自己的IP block。 AS100 172.20.0.0/20 BGP-primary BGP-primary ISP1 AS100 BG BGP P ro ute AS64512 BGP 172.20.0.0/20 Internet End user BGP ute P ro BG ISP2 AS200 BGP BGP-primary AS200 BGP-primary 172.20.0.0/20 7 傳統線路備援與分流方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 傳統線路之分流方式(cont.) 若還要考慮到ISP的備援,則使用BGP Multihoming就變成了唯 一的選擇,end user需要有自己的IP block。 AS100 BGP route 172.20.0.0/20 BGP-primary active BGP-primary ISP1 AS100 BGP BGP Internet BGP End user AS64512 BGP 172.20.0.0/20 ISP2 AS200 BGP BGP-primary BGP-primary standby AS200 BGP route 172.20.0.0/20 8 4
  • 5. http://www.seed.net.tw 新一代線路備援與分流方式 新一代線路之備援方式 ADSL流行之後,ISDN備援已漸被ADSL所取代。 IGP-primary Leased Def Line ault ISP rout IGP-backup e End user ADSL 專線斷線時,可自動切換至備援ADSL線路。 Leased ISP IGP-backup XLine End user ADSL 9 Default route 新一代線路備援與分流方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 新一代線路之備援方式 End user依其使用模式的不同,漸漸放棄使用專線,改用固定制 ADSL或FTTX。 IGP-primary FTTX/ADSL Def ault ISP rout IGP-backup e End user ADSL ADSL/FTTX斷線卻不會使得router port down的特性,使得傳 統備援方式受到挑戰。 UP/UP IGP-primary FTTX/ADSL Def ISP IGP-backup X ault rout e 10 End user ADSL 5
  • 6. http://www.seed.net.tw 新一代線路備援與分流方式 ADSL/FTTX斷線時流量切換方式 使用dynamic routing protocol。 UP/UP FTTX/ADSL ISP IGP-backup X End user ADSL Default route 某些供應商已有提供新功能解決,如Cisco的“Reliable Static Routing Backup”。 某些IP分享器可以偵測uplink狀況(ex. ping gateway)來決 定是否要使用或排除該uplink線路。 11 更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 過去需要Multihoming時,使用BGP與自有IP blocks是必 要的 在非ISP環境中使用BGP的時機普遍較少,一般網管工程師較難熟 悉BGP的使用。 申請自有IP blocks的門檻? 以上因素導致使用Multihoming客戶不多。 運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的 彈性 不使用BGP protocol,使用自有IP blocks。 使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。 不使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。 12 6
  • 7. http://www.seed.net.tw 更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式 運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的 彈性 不使用BGP protocol,使用自有IP blocks。 AS100 IGP-primary 172.20.0.0/20(aggre) 172.20.0.0/21 ISP1 AS100 172.20.0.0/21 BGP-primary 172.20.0.0/20 End user Internet BGP-primary AS200 172.20.0.0/20(aggre) ISP2 AS200 172.20.8.0/21 172.20.8.0/21 IGP-primary 13 更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式 http://www.seed.net.tw 運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的 彈性 使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。 IGP-primary AS100 172.20.0.0/20 ISP1 AS100 172.20.0.0/16 172.20.0.0/20 BGP-primary End user Internet AS64512 BGP-primary 172.20.8.0/21 AS200 172.20.0.0/20(aggre) ISP2 AS200 172.20.8.0/21 BGP-primary 14 7
  • 8. http://www.seed.net.tw 更具彈性與簡單的Multihoming方式 運用較有彈性的供裝方式,可降低複雜度並保有分流與備援的 彈性 不使用BGP protocol,不使用自有IP blocks。 IGP-primary AS100 172.20.0.0/20 ISP1 AS100 172.20.0.0/16 BGP-primary 172.20.0.0/20 End user Internet BGP-primary AS200 172.20.0.0/20(aggre) ISP2 AS200 172.20.8.0/21 172.20.8.0/21 IGP-primary 15 問題與討論 http://www.seed.net.tw 問題? 16 8