The document discusses various suffixes used in the English language and their functions. It notes that suffixes like -ness form nouns out of adjectives, -able and -ible form nouns out of verbs, -ly forms adverbs out of adjectives, -ize/-ise form verbs out of nouns or adjectives, and -ion forms nouns out of verbs. Other suffixes covered are -ful, -al, -ity, -ment, and -ous which form different parts of speech like adjectives or nouns.