BME LAB MANUALS

1. SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
& GRAMOTHAN, JAIPUR.
3ME8-Basic Mechanical Engineering Lab.
EXPERIMENT No.
Study of the various mechanical tools
Objectives :- After doing the experiment, student will be able to
i) Know the working of different tools.
ii) Recognise the different types of tools
Theory
A handtool is device oran instrumentusdtodo a particularjobby an individual withoutrequirementof
any motoror external powersource.
Some of the widelyusedtoolsare explainedbelow :
1. Fix spanners
2. Ringspanners
3. Adjustable spanner
4. Socketset
5. Plier
6. Nose plier
7. Pipe wrench
8. Hammer
9. Screwdrivers
10. Micrometer
11. Tachometer
12. Torque wrench
13. Feelergauge
14. Taps
15. Dies
16. Reamers
17. Innercaliper
18. Outercaliper
19. Electrictester
20. Vernier caliper
21. Flaringtools
1. Fix Spanner :
These are hand tools with a handle carrying jaws or a hole of particular
shapeand size designed to grip a nut or bolt head, to hold or twist than,

2. these are available in set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces, 12 pieces, 15 pieces, 18
pieces, 24 pieces.
On the ends numbers are mentioned like 12, 13, 15, 17, 16, 18, 21, 23.
They indicate a sizeof (number/24), for example A spanner of nuber 17
indicates the sizeby (17/24) inch.
2. Ring spanner :
It’s a hexagonal ring jaw comprising of 12 pieces spanner set. They are
used tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. They are agan available in
set of 6 pieces, 9 pieces and so on like fix spanners.
3. Adjustable spanner :
An adjustablespanner or wrench is a spanner with a jaw of adjustable
width, allowing it to be used to fasten different sizes of nuts, bolts, etc.
Itis also known as shifting spanner.
4. Socket set :
A socketset can be 12 or 24 pieces. Details of 24 pieces socket set are
following :
a) Socket=19
b) Ratchet=1
c) Extension bar=2
d) Universaljoint=1
The sizes of sockets are in American standards i.e. in mm.
4(A) Sockets
These are available in different sizes in mm. A socketis attached to
the ratchet and is used for loosing or tightening nuts and bolts.
4(B) Ratchet
Itconsistof a handle with a ratcheting mechanism built in, so it can
be turned only in back or forth direction. A socket has a cup shaped
fitting that grips the head of bolt and set on the fitting on the ratchet.
5. Pliers :
Pliers are hand tools used to hold objectfirmly for bending or physical
compressing. Itconsistof a pair of metal first class lever joined at a
fulcrumposition closer to one end of the levers scaling shortjaws one
side of fulcrumand longer handles on the other side. Hence, enabling to

3. handle object with precision. Pliers are generally made of steel alloy
with additives such as vanadiumor chromiumto improve strength and
prevent corrosion.
6. Nose pliers :
Nose plier can have needle type nosealso called as long noseplier,
pinch noseplier. Nose plier are used by electricians and other trade
men.
7. Pipe wrench:
Itis an adjustablewrench with a long handle. Itis used for holding the
objects or for tightening and loosening the nuts and bolts of different
sizes.
8. Hammers :
A hammer is a tool meant to deliver on impact to an object commonly
used to dividing nails, fitting pants and breaking the objects.
9. Screwdrivers :
Itis a tool for driving screw. The screw driver aremade up of a hand or
tip which engages with a screw. Italso consistof a cylindrical handle
which is to be hold by human hand. Itis made from chrom-vanadium
steel is available in various sizes.
10.Calliper :
Itis a divice used to measuredistance between the opposite sides of an
object. The sizeof the caliper are adjusted to fit across thepoint to be
measured,thecaliper is then removed and distance read by measuring
between tips with a measuring tool which as ruler.
Types of caliper :
a) Insidecaliper
b) Outsidecaliper
c) Vernier caliper
11.Micrometer :
Itis a device incorporating a calibrated screw used widely for precise
measurement of small distance.
i) Frame: C shaped body helds the anvil and barrel in constant
relation each other. Itis thick because it needs to minimizw

4. flexion expansion and contraction which would distort the
measurement.
ii) Anvil : The shining part that the spindlemoves towards and
that sampleagainst.
iii) Sleeve /barrel/stockes : Stationary round parts with linear
scale on it.
iv) Locknut/lockring/thimblelock : This partthat can tighter to
hold the spindlestationary.
v) Screw : Itis heart of micrometer and is inside the barrel.
vi) Spindle : The sling cylinder part that the thumble cause to
move towards the anvil.
vii) Thumble : The part that ones thumb turns.
viii) Ratchet stop : Device on end of the handle or thumble that
limits applied pressureby slipping at calibrated torque
generally least count of 0.01 mm.
12. Torque wrench:
Itis a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fasteners. Such
as nuts or bolts. Itis usually in the formof socketwrench with special
internal mechanism. Itwas designed to preventover tightening bolts.
13.Techometer :
Itis an electronic device used to measurerevolution per minute.
Its tip is applied to rotating shaftat the point. Its axis passes through the
tip also rotates and that tachometer show the reading for revolution of
shaftper minute.