www.miu.org.il
A presentation by Dr.Yodan Rofe
יוצרי העירוניות
דרך חדשה-ישנה לתכנון רחובות ראשיים
ד"ר יודן רופא
"מרחב" – התנועה לעירוניות מתחדשת בישראל
היחידה לאדריכלות ותכנון ערים במדבר
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - HebrewNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Transit Score is a metric to measure public transit accessibility. The document discusses calculating Transit Score for Israel using General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data. A 100m by 100m grid is overlaid on Israel. Transit Score is computed for each grid cell by processing GTFS data, filtering for specific areas, and normalizing grid cell scores. KML files are generated to view Transit Scores on maps in Google Earth. Higher scores indicate better transit access.
This document provides an overview of urban planning in Israel from 1948 to 2011. It discusses several key plans and policies that shaped Israel's development, including the Sharon Plan in 1952 which aimed to settle immigrants and disperse the population throughout the country. The National Outline Plan 35 from 2005 focused on strengthening cities, public transport, and regional development. Facts from 2009 show Israel's high population density and urbanization, with most people living in 220 cities and towns. The document also notes Tel Aviv's ranking as the 52nd largest metro economy in the world.
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - HebrewNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Transit Score is a metric to measure public transit accessibility. The document discusses calculating Transit Score for Israel using General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data. A 100m by 100m grid is overlaid on Israel. Transit Score is computed for each grid cell by processing GTFS data, filtering for specific areas, and normalizing grid cell scores. KML files are generated to view Transit Scores on maps in Google Earth. Higher scores indicate better transit access.
This document provides an overview of urban planning in Israel from 1948 to 2011. It discusses several key plans and policies that shaped Israel's development, including the Sharon Plan in 1952 which aimed to settle immigrants and disperse the population throughout the country. The National Outline Plan 35 from 2005 focused on strengthening cities, public transport, and regional development. Facts from 2009 show Israel's high population density and urbanization, with most people living in 220 cities and towns. The document also notes Tel Aviv's ranking as the 52nd largest metro economy in the world.
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - EnglishNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations Nachman Shelef
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations
Merhav – the Movement for Israeli Urbanism and the city of Ashkelon, are putting together a conference on November 2011 on Urban Economic Development – " The City as an Engine of Economic Growth". This will be the first conference in Israel to focus on Economic Development in the context of cities.
Local Economic Development in the urban context a missed opportunityNachman Shelef
Presented to the Milken-Koret fellows program 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a great city require a third approach and lastly cities that are not great require a forth approach.
Merhav overview - The Movement for Israeli UrbanismNachman Shelef
The Movement for Israeli Urbanism
Improving affordable access to opportunities by - Creating sustainable and humane cities and communities in Israel
We, the members of the Movement for Israeli Urbanism, strive to improve the quality of urban life in Israel and actively promote the development of a sustainable and humane urban environment in Israel.
We founded MIU in order to transform the quality of urban life in Israel by applying:
People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and atrophy of cities
Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities
Democratic urban planning processes
Local Economic Development in the urban contextNachman Shelef
Local Economic Development in the Urban Context discusses the evolution of LED thinking and strategies. Current LED views focus on (1) building economic capacity and improving the future quality of life for all, and (2) collaborative partnerships between public, business, and non-governmental sectors to create better economic growth conditions. Cities have natural economic advantages due to agglomeration effects, and good urban planning can enhance these advantages through compact, mixed-use development centered around pedestrian access. LED strategies should leverage cities' role as economic engines by focusing on urban regeneration and quality of life improvements.
The Advantages of GTFS in Israel or Increasing Public Transport Use through O...Nachman Shelef
Increasing the use of public transport in Israel.
What needs to be done to get Google transit and 100s of other transit applications to be available in Israel?
*The GTFS transit feed specification defines a common format for public
transportation schedules and associated geographic information.
• GTFS is a lightweight specification to share data between a transit agency and
the general public or between transit agencies.
• GTFS data is shared openly and is available to all transit application developers
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch3 Mixed Use and Populations 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Urban renewal in France by Clemence PINEL
volunteer at Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for Good UrbanismNachman Shelef
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for good urbanism by Irit Solzi
www.miu.org.il
עשרה כללים לעירוניות טובה של מרחב
לראש העיר יש תפקיד משמעותי בעיצוב התפתחותה, עתידה
ויכולתה של העיר לשרת ביעילות את מטרותיהם של תושביה. המכון
לראשי ערים מציע למשתתפי הסדנא
עשרה כללים בסיסיים לתכנון עירוני אשר ימקמו את העיר שלהם
כמקום אשר טוב לחיות, לשהות ולבלות בו.
.1 רחובות לאנשים אנשים נמשכים אל העיר בשל יכולתה לשמש מאגר גדול לקשרים עם אנשים אחרים.
קשרים אלה מהווים הזדמנויות – חברתיות, עסקיות ותרבותיות. קשרים נוצרים בעיקר במרחב הציבורי
והרחוב הוא המרכיב היסודי של מרחב זה. זאת משום שבעיר טובה הרחוב משמש למעבר מקרי של בני
אדם. הנמצא ברחוב יראה אנשים סביבו ולא יידע עליהם דבר.
.2 שימושים מעורבים מבטיחים נוכחות של אנשים שונים, בזמנים שונים, למטרות שונות ברחובות העיר.
נוכחותם של אנשים רבים ושונים ברחוב ברוב שעות היממה מגבירה את הבטחון האישי. שימושים
מעורבים מאפשרים הקטנת כמות הנסיעות וצמצום התלות ברכב. לכן, יש להימנע מלחלק את העיר
לאזורים בעלי מאפיינים אחידים כגון: אזור תעשיה או קריית חינוך.
.3 עירוב אוכלוסיות הגיוון האנושי הוא חלק מעוצמתה של העיר. כל מתחם בעיר יתוכנן כך שיתאים
לכולם - דיור מגוון מאוד באופני בינוי, באדריכלות ובגודל הדירות הינו הכרחי למשיכת אוכלוסיה מגוונת.
דיור בר-השגה צריך להיות חלק אינטגרלי מכל אזור בעיר. מתחמים לאוכלוסיות הומוגניות לא מאפשרים
את מגוון ההזדמנויות ההכרחי לקיומה של עיר טובה. מתחמים הומוגניים המוקמים ביחד מזדקנים
ומתנוונים בבת אחת.
.4 נגישות מירבית רשת רציפה וצפופה של רחובות כאשר המרחק הממוצע בין צמתים הוא בין 60-150
מ' מאפשרת נגישות נוחה ומגוון של אפשרויות תנועה מנקודה לנקודה ויוצרת חשיפה גדולה יותר של
רחובות, עסקים והזדמנויות לאנשים. רשת כזאת מקטינה את הגודש ברחובות הראשיים, תורמת
לבטיחות בדרכים. בשום מקרה אל תתכנן רשת רחובות הירארכית ומרחקים גדולים בין צמתים.
.5 צפיפות ושימוש יעיל בקרקע צפיפות עירונית )מספר התושבים של העיר לחלק לשטחה( היא מרכיב
הכרחי של עירוניות טובה. מתחת לצפיפות מינימאלית לא יכולה להתקיים עיר. יש להימנע מהפיתוי של
הרחבת העיר כדי לתת מענה לביקושים למגורים ותעסוקה ולמצוא דרכים לנצל קרקע קיימת שאיננה
בשימוש יעיל בתוך העיר. צפיפות ציבורית )מספר התושבים לחלק לסה"כ השטח הציבורי( משפיעה אף
יותר על איכות המרחב הציבורי. יש לתכנן את מימדיו של כל מרחב ציבורי )רחוב או פארק( בהתאם
למספר האנשים העשויים לעבור בו במקרה.
.6 מגוון אפשרויות של תחבורה נגישות לשירותים ותעסוקה היא מר
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors InstituteNachman Shelef
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors Institute founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
in partnership with Heschel. Safed, June 2010
John Norquist on The Value of Urban ComplexityNachman Shelef
by John Norquist in Tel-Aviv for the Israeli Mayors Institute, founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
על עיצוב עירוני, וכיצד המגוון והמורכבות העירוניים הינם המפתח לקיום ציוויליזציה
The Value of Urban Complexity, John Norquist speaks about cities and design. Author of the Wealth of Cities, Norquist describes the diversity and complexity of cities and urban life as the key to civilization
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - EnglishNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations Nachman Shelef
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations
Merhav – the Movement for Israeli Urbanism and the city of Ashkelon, are putting together a conference on November 2011 on Urban Economic Development – " The City as an Engine of Economic Growth". This will be the first conference in Israel to focus on Economic Development in the context of cities.
Local Economic Development in the urban context a missed opportunityNachman Shelef
Presented to the Milken-Koret fellows program 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a great city require a third approach and lastly cities that are not great require a forth approach.
Merhav overview - The Movement for Israeli UrbanismNachman Shelef
The Movement for Israeli Urbanism
Improving affordable access to opportunities by - Creating sustainable and humane cities and communities in Israel
We, the members of the Movement for Israeli Urbanism, strive to improve the quality of urban life in Israel and actively promote the development of a sustainable and humane urban environment in Israel.
We founded MIU in order to transform the quality of urban life in Israel by applying:
People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and atrophy of cities
Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities
Democratic urban planning processes
Local Economic Development in the urban contextNachman Shelef
Local Economic Development in the Urban Context discusses the evolution of LED thinking and strategies. Current LED views focus on (1) building economic capacity and improving the future quality of life for all, and (2) collaborative partnerships between public, business, and non-governmental sectors to create better economic growth conditions. Cities have natural economic advantages due to agglomeration effects, and good urban planning can enhance these advantages through compact, mixed-use development centered around pedestrian access. LED strategies should leverage cities' role as economic engines by focusing on urban regeneration and quality of life improvements.
The Advantages of GTFS in Israel or Increasing Public Transport Use through O...Nachman Shelef
Increasing the use of public transport in Israel.
What needs to be done to get Google transit and 100s of other transit applications to be available in Israel?
*The GTFS transit feed specification defines a common format for public
transportation schedules and associated geographic information.
• GTFS is a lightweight specification to share data between a transit agency and
the general public or between transit agencies.
• GTFS data is shared openly and is available to all transit application developers
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch3 Mixed Use and Populations 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Urban renewal in France by Clemence PINEL
volunteer at Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for Good UrbanismNachman Shelef
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for good urbanism by Irit Solzi
www.miu.org.il
עשרה כללים לעירוניות טובה של מרחב
לראש העיר יש תפקיד משמעותי בעיצוב התפתחותה, עתידה
ויכולתה של העיר לשרת ביעילות את מטרותיהם של תושביה. המכון
לראשי ערים מציע למשתתפי הסדנא
עשרה כללים בסיסיים לתכנון עירוני אשר ימקמו את העיר שלהם
כמקום אשר טוב לחיות, לשהות ולבלות בו.
.1 רחובות לאנשים אנשים נמשכים אל העיר בשל יכולתה לשמש מאגר גדול לקשרים עם אנשים אחרים.
קשרים אלה מהווים הזדמנויות – חברתיות, עסקיות ותרבותיות. קשרים נוצרים בעיקר במרחב הציבורי
והרחוב הוא המרכיב היסודי של מרחב זה. זאת משום שבעיר טובה הרחוב משמש למעבר מקרי של בני
אדם. הנמצא ברחוב יראה אנשים סביבו ולא יידע עליהם דבר.
.2 שימושים מעורבים מבטיחים נוכחות של אנשים שונים, בזמנים שונים, למטרות שונות ברחובות העיר.
נוכחותם של אנשים רבים ושונים ברחוב ברוב שעות היממה מגבירה את הבטחון האישי. שימושים
מעורבים מאפשרים הקטנת כמות הנסיעות וצמצום התלות ברכב. לכן, יש להימנע מלחלק את העיר
לאזורים בעלי מאפיינים אחידים כגון: אזור תעשיה או קריית חינוך.
.3 עירוב אוכלוסיות הגיוון האנושי הוא חלק מעוצמתה של העיר. כל מתחם בעיר יתוכנן כך שיתאים
לכולם - דיור מגוון מאוד באופני בינוי, באדריכלות ובגודל הדירות הינו הכרחי למשיכת אוכלוסיה מגוונת.
דיור בר-השגה צריך להיות חלק אינטגרלי מכל אזור בעיר. מתחמים לאוכלוסיות הומוגניות לא מאפשרים
את מגוון ההזדמנויות ההכרחי לקיומה של עיר טובה. מתחמים הומוגניים המוקמים ביחד מזדקנים
ומתנוונים בבת אחת.
.4 נגישות מירבית רשת רציפה וצפופה של רחובות כאשר המרחק הממוצע בין צמתים הוא בין 60-150
מ' מאפשרת נגישות נוחה ומגוון של אפשרויות תנועה מנקודה לנקודה ויוצרת חשיפה גדולה יותר של
רחובות, עסקים והזדמנויות לאנשים. רשת כזאת מקטינה את הגודש ברחובות הראשיים, תורמת
לבטיחות בדרכים. בשום מקרה אל תתכנן רשת רחובות הירארכית ומרחקים גדולים בין צמתים.
.5 צפיפות ושימוש יעיל בקרקע צפיפות עירונית )מספר התושבים של העיר לחלק לשטחה( היא מרכיב
הכרחי של עירוניות טובה. מתחת לצפיפות מינימאלית לא יכולה להתקיים עיר. יש להימנע מהפיתוי של
הרחבת העיר כדי לתת מענה לביקושים למגורים ותעסוקה ולמצוא דרכים לנצל קרקע קיימת שאיננה
בשימוש יעיל בתוך העיר. צפיפות ציבורית )מספר התושבים לחלק לסה"כ השטח הציבורי( משפיעה אף
יותר על איכות המרחב הציבורי. יש לתכנן את מימדיו של כל מרחב ציבורי )רחוב או פארק( בהתאם
למספר האנשים העשויים לעבור בו במקרה.
.6 מגוון אפשרויות של תחבורה נגישות לשירותים ותעסוקה היא מר
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors InstituteNachman Shelef
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors Institute founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
in partnership with Heschel. Safed, June 2010
John Norquist on The Value of Urban ComplexityNachman Shelef
by John Norquist in Tel-Aviv for the Israeli Mayors Institute, founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
על עיצוב עירוני, וכיצד המגוון והמורכבות העירוניים הינם המפתח לקיום ציוויליזציה
The Value of Urban Complexity, John Norquist speaks about cities and design. Author of the Wealth of Cities, Norquist describes the diversity and complexity of cities and urban life as the key to civilization
Dror Gershon intro of Seven Cities for the Israeli Mayors Institute
Streets as Creators of Urbanism
1. יוצרי העירוניות
דרך חדשה-ישנה לתכנון רחובות ראשיים
ד"ר יודן רופא
"מרחב" – התנועה לעירוניות מתחדשת בישראל
היחידה לאדריכלות ותכנון ערים במדבר
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
2. הפרדיגמה העכשווית של תכנון דרכים: ההירארכיה
הפונקציונלית
Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici, Norme Funzionali e Geometriche per la
Costruzione delle Strade, 2001
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
3. הפרדיגמה העכשווית: הביטוי המרחבי
b d
d
c c
d
d a
b
a
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
4. העיר – פרבור המרכז
העיר המודרנית העיר המסורתית
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
5. העיר – פרבור השימושים הראשיים
ערי קצה )(Edge Cities
• ריכוז מסחר ושירותים ליד
צמתי הדרכים המהירות
• כישלון מרכזים שכונתיים
ערב חוסר נראות ושוק
מצומצם
?
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
6. המרכיבים של המרחב
העירוני…
רחובות ראשיים •
תחבורה ציבורית •
אזורים בנויים •
סביבה טבעית ונוף •
השלם... •
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
7. תהליך היסטורי של התפכחות
שנות השישים – שימור עירוני, רחובות ההליכה •
הראשונים, מאבקים ראשונים נגד דרכים מהירות
עירוניות
שנות השבעים – רחובות משולבים, התחלת מיתון •
תנועה, הגבלת כניסת תנועה עוברת
שנות השמונים – תקיפת ההנחיות המקצועיות של •
מהנדסי התנועה לתכנון רחובות בדרכים
אימוץ הדרגתי של הנחיות חדשות המדגישות את •
מרחב הולכי הרגל, ואת האיזון בין שימושי הדרך
השונים
7 J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev אפריל 01
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
8. 8 Negevביה"ס – Research, Ben-Gurion Universityביה" J. Blaustein Institutes for
of theלאדריכלות – אוניברסיטת ת"א Desertס ללימודי סביבה אפריל 01
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטייןר יודן רופא בן-גוריון בנגב
ערים בנות קיימא ד" , אוניברסיטת
9. סוגי רחובות ראשיים בערים
שדרות גרי, סן פרנציסקו פסיאו דה גראסיה, ברצלונה
רחוב המשרת מכוניות בלבד רחוב המשרת תנועה עוברת, תנועה
והופך לחיץ עירוני מקומית, תחבורה ציבורית והולכי רגל
באלגנטיות ועושר חוויתי
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
10. סוגי רחובות ראשיים בערים
רח' גרנד – לוס אנג'לס רח' אדמס - בוסטון
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
11. דרישות תכנוניות מרחוב ראשי
רחוב עירוני בעל זהות •
יצירת מוקדים עירוניים חזקים •
נגישות נוחה להולכי רגל •
נגישות נוחה לאוטובוסים •
נתיב אופניים בטוח •
חנייה קצרת מועד •
אספקה לחנויות בחזית הרחוב •
תנועת כלי רכב •
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
12. האם יש עוד צורך ברחובות
ראשיים?
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
15. ממצאים
זכות מרחב הולכי הרגל
זכות מרחב הולכי הרגל
מטרות •
המחקר
אמצעים •
מקרי הבוחן •
שילוב ממצאי הסקר הפיסי והסקר החברתי •
ממצאים •
מסקנות •
כפר סבא רעננה רמת השרון
המלצות •
%28 %98 %96 יחס מרחב הולכי הרגל למיסעה
קישוריות- מספר מעברים להולכי רגל
41.2 49.1 58.0 וצמתים ל-001 מ"א דופן
תחושת בטחון מפני הפגעות
%37 %47 %36 מכלי רכב ברחוב
אחוז התאונות ברחוב מכלל תאונות עם
%72 %72 %72 הולכי רגל בעיר
%09 %29 %58
תחושה כללית טובה ברחוב בכל אחת 51
מהערים
16. איל הררי – שדרה רב מסלולית בדרך 44 בין אזור
לחולון
הדרכים כיום
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
17. יצירת רשת
דרכים חדשה
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
18. בינוי קיים
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
19. שלד גינות,שדרה
המובילה לחולון
ופארק אזור
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
20. מבטים מתוך ואל עבר השדרה
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
21. קנסינגטון היי סטריט בלונדון
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
22. רחוב ראשי בעיר קטנה בדרום דקוטה
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב
23. רחוב ראשי בברלין
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
המכונים לחקר המדבר ע"ש י.בלאושטיין, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב